Design Of Water Distribution Systems Research Articles

Design of Water Supply Scheme: A Case Study of Nangargaon Village

Abstract: Design of water supply scheme in around Rural Areas. During classify toward fulfil the water command of the constantly rising population, it is necessary toward supply the plenty with consistent capacity of water through the designed system of pipe. intended for this use the particulars provide via the IPH (Irrigation and Public Health Department) department, the common features of the region similar to in order on the chief water basis, population of the region, insist of water, requirement of the pumps, distribution network and water tanks are essential for efficient design of water distribution system. Water distribution system deals with the supplying of potable water for a village which can be useful for both drinking and wholesome purpose. The main stages of distribution system are collection works, transmission works, purification works and distribution works. It includes estimation of future population (population forecasting) by using various methods, layout of pipes and design of valves and joints, finding out the head losses etc

Application of artificial intelligence algorithm to optimize the design of water distribution system

Various optimization approaches have been proposed in the past three decades to address the design cost optimization problem of water distribution systems. However, recently, evolutionary algorithms have been preferred due to their ability to solve complex, nonlinear, and discrete optimization problems such as water distribution system design. This study proposes a hybrid model, HHG that integrates Grey Wolf Optimizer and Harris Hawk, which is linked with an EPANET hydraulic simulator to optimize the design cost of a water distribution system network. The HHG model’s performance is shown through three typical water distribution systems, namely the Two-loop network, Hanoi network and New York network. The results show that the HHG is a potential approach for solving water distribution system design costs with higher reliability, lower cost, and faster processing time than other conventional approaches.

Robust Multi-Objective Design Optimization of Water Distribution System under Uncertainty

The multi-objective design optimization of water distribution systems (WDS) is to find the Pareto front of optimal designs of WDS for two or more conflicting design objectives. The most popular conflicting objectives considered for the design of WDS are minimization of cost and maximization of resilience index which are considered for the current study. Robust multi-objective optimization is to find the optimal set of the Pareto front considering demand is uncertain. The robustness is controlled by a single parameter that defines the size of the uncertainty set it can vary. The study explores ellipsoidal uncertainty set with different sizes and co-variance matrices. A combined simulation–optimization framework with a combination of self-adaptive multi-objective cuckoo search (SAMOCSA) and the fmincon optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the robust multi-objective design problem. The proposed algorithm is applied to medium and large WDS. The main contribution of this paper is to study the effect of demand uncertainty and the correlation on the WDS designs in a multi-objective framework. The study shows that the inclusion of correlation into the multi-objective design framework can significantly affect the optimal designs.

Analysis and Redesign of 24/7 Water Distribution Network using Watergem Software

Abstract: A continuous water supply system has generated significant interest in India due to its many advantages. Also it is useful for conserving water and its quality. Now-a-days demand for drinking water is increasing day by day with corresponding increase in population. The present study shows the remodelling of existing network and also designing the water distribution network using a programming tool, which performs the extended period simulation of hydraulic and water quality behaviour within the pressurized network of pipes called watergems. This paper demonstrates the use of watergems for the hydraulic study of the distribution network. The studies present the hydraulic design and analysis of rural water distribution system (WDS) for Nighoj village of the state of Maharashtra, India. Water distribution system is designed for this study for population estimated for future 30 years watergems software have been used and the results are compare to determine the economical size of pipes for distribution system. The economical size of pipes of water display system is designed by considering the constraints; residual pressure at each node velocity of flow in pipe, head loss in pipes, material of pipes, elevated service reservoir level, peak factor and available commercial pipe diameter

Design of Water Supply Scheme for Rural Area

Design of water supply scheme in around Rural Areas. During classify toward fulfil the water command of the constantly rising population, it is necessary toward supply the plenty with consistent capacity of water through the designed system of pipe. Intended for this use the particulars provide via the IPH (Irrigation and Public Health Department) department, the common features of the region similar to in order on the chief water basis, population of the region, insist of water, requirement of the pumps, distribution network and water tanks are essential for efficient design of water distribution system. Water distribution system deals with the supplying of potable water for a village which can be useful for both drinking and wholesome purpose. The main stages of distribution system are collection works, transmission works, purification works and distribution works. It includes estimation of future population (population forecasting) by using various methods, layout of pipes and design of valves and joints, finding out the head losses etc.

Optimizing Water Quality Treatment Levels for Water Distribution Systems under Mixing Uncertainty at Junctions

A real-life water distribution system (WDS) contains uncertainty in numerous stages. This makes the optimal management and design of a WDS a complex problem. Water quality has also become a significant factor in the design and management of a WDS. Our objective was to incorporate water quality uncertainty in the WDS design problem. The mixing level was assumed to be uncertain and used to design the WDS such that the design was immune to the level of mixing. This method aimed to yield designs that satisfied the nodal concentration constraints irrespective of the mixing level in the junctions. Two optimization methodologies, robust optimization and info-gap decision theory combined with a cuckoo search optimization algorithm, were proposed to solve this problem. An illustrative example 4×4 grid network was used to understand nonuniform mixing and explain the design methodology using both methodologies. Then these methodologies were applied to solve a similar treatment plant problem on a modified Fossolo network. The results also exhibited a significant variation in cost between complete mixing and nonuniform mixing. The WDS designs obtained from both methods were evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations.

A New Approach to the Optimization of Looped Water Distribution Networks with Velocity Constraints

The optimal design of a looped water distribution system is a problem that is addressed frequently in the literature. Usually, the flow velocity in the pipes is not taken into account. Nevertheless, in real-life applications, there are velocity restrictions that must be considered for the proper function of water distribution systems. An algorithm has been presented recently for the optimal design of such systems, relying entirely on the hydraulic characteristics of the system, and not involving any parameters to be adjusted. This paper presents a new suitably designed algorithm that retained the features of the original algorithm and handled the problem of velocity restrictions without recourse to penalty functions. The new algorithm was tested and compared with others that used penalty functions to handle the velocity constraints. The results demonstrated its efficiency, reliability, and better performance.

Development of optimal water distribution system design and operation approach considering hydraulic and water quality criteria in many-objective optimization framework

Abstract Water distribution systems (WDSs) are major infrastructure, and it needs to consider economic, hydraulic stability, and water quality safety to optimal design and operation of WDSs. However, the previous studies related to WDS design and operation were focused on each field (i.e. design: optimal pipe diameter, pump sizing, and valve location; operation: optimal pump scheduling, etc.) even though the WDS design and operation have a correlation. Therefore, to achieve economic feasibility, hydraulic stability, and water quality safety under WDS design and operation process, this study develops an optimal WDS design and operation approach considering hydraulic and water quality criteria in the many-objective optimization framework. To consider design and operation, this study applies three objective functions to minimize the total design and operation cost (i.e. the pipe cost, pump construction, and pump operation cost), maximize system robustness, and minimize the amount of chlorine requisition simultaneously under the hydraulic and quality constraints. The proposed optimal WDS design and operation model was applied to the two-stage optimization procedures. The first process determined the optimal pipe diameter set. The second process determined the optimal pump construction and scheduling considering three objective functions such as the total pump cost, the system robustness, and the quantity of the required residual chlorine for determining optimally the available number of pumps, capacity, and scheduling. For the optimization, the self-adaptive multi-objective harmony search is used and a famous benchmark network for the optimal design and pump operation of WDSs is applied to verify the proposed approach. This study can provide a new perspective on WDS design and operation technique considering the essential design factors to the water utility.

A Many-Objective Analysis Framework for Large Real-World Water Distribution System Design Problems

This paper presents a many-objective analysis framework to handle large real-world water distribution system design problems (WDSDP), which is a typically difficult infrastructure engineering optimization problem type. Six objectives are formulated, focusing on economic, structural and functional aspects in the operation and management of the water distribution system (WDS), and solved by Borg, which is one state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) in water resources. The framework comprehensively analyzes and reveals the underlying trade-offs among many objectives, thereby facilitating the selection of the most appropriate design solutions for real-world WDSs. A real-world WDSDP with 1278 decision variables is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, and results show that it can clearly reveal the complex trade-offs among these six different objectives, and it greatly enhances the understanding of the underlying characteristics of Pareto-front solutions. The insights have great practical implications for optimally designing large real-world WDS problems.

Short‐Term Variability Effect on Peak Demand: Assessment Based on a Microcomponent Stochastic Demand Model

AbstractPeak demand plays a major role in water distribution system design. Peak demand assessment is currently facing a double challenge: shifting toward a probabilistic approach, and considering the effect of different spatial and temporal resolutions. Most probabilistic approaches so far have focused on inferring scaling laws by analyzing measurement time series for different spatial and temporal resolutions. The aim of this paper is two‐fold: (a) to present a novel analytical approach that enables to assess the short‐term variability effect on probabilistic peak demands for different spatial and temporal scales, and (b) to ease the understanding of peak demand factors thanks to a physically based (rather than an empirical) approach. This is possible by combining the principles of peak demand analysis with a microcomponent‐based (i.e., end‐use oriented) demand model that enables assessment of short‐term variability. The methodology here proposed is applied to two case studies with the purpose of validating the approach and showing its full potential. Results prove that stochastic demand models can be a powerful tool for peak demand assessment.

A multi-objective adaptive surrogate modelling-based optimization algorithm for constrained hybrid problems

Many multi-objective optimization problems in integrated environmental modelling and management involve not only continuous decision variables but also variables like integers and/or discrete variables. Furthermore, the optimization problems are often subject to various constraints. Solving this kind of constrained hybrid problems usually requires a huge number of model evaluations that can be computationally expensive. This study presents an algorithm known as multi-objective adaptive surrogate modelling-based optimization for constrained hybrid problems (MO-ASMOCH). It incorporates several evolutionary operators to handle different types of decision variables and uses a classification surrogate model to deal with model constraints. MO-ASMOCH was evaluated against the widely used NSGA-II method on three engineering design problems and three water distribution system design problems with up to 30 dimensions. The results showed that MO-ASMOCH is able to obtain nondominated solutions of similar quality as that of NSGA-II using much fewer model evaluations.

Design of Water Distribution System for Thirumitta code Grama Panchayat

The aim of this project is to supply the water to client with acceptable grade and amount. Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) has been launched that aims at providing practical functional household tap connection (FHTC) to each village unit by 2025 in Republic of India. This project aims on designing a water distribution system for the Thirumittacode gramma panchayath situated in Pattambi Municipality, Palakkad district, Kerala. This project revolves around population prediction of the general practitioner by 2024 and 2054, water demand calculations, planning the water distribution system with associate degree acceptable water resource and value estimation. Use of loop 4 software system adds on to the advancement of this project.

Qualification of Hydraulic Analysis Models for Optimal Design of Water Distribution Systems

The hydraulic analysis of water distribution systems (WDSs) is divided into two approaches, namely, a demand-driven analysis (DDA) and a pressure-driven analysis (PDA). In DDA, the basic assumption is that the nodal demand is fully supplied irrespective of the nodal pressure, which is mainly suitable for normal operating conditions. However, in abnormal conditions, such as pipe failures or unexpected increases in demand, the DDA approach may cause unrealistic results, such as negative pressure. However, despite these realistic hydraulic analysis approaches for WDSs being emphasized in the design process, this consideration was lacking in the design aspect. Therefore, in this study, the designs by the DDA-based design model and PDA-based design model are compared, and their design characteristics are analyzed to identify the efficiency of the WDSs design under abnormal system conditions. The developed PDA model was applied to three networks (a well-known benchmark system and a real-life WDN), and the results showed that the proposed model is superior to other reported models when dealing with negative pressure under abnormal conditions. In addition, the optimal design of WDN considered PDA is presented, and the optimal construction cost is decreased to increase the percentage of PDA.

Effect of Drinking Water Distribution System Design on Antimicrobial Delivery to Pigs.

Simple SummaryThe piped water system in buildings that house growing pigs is used on many farms for short periods to medicate pigs with antimicrobials, in order to keep them healthy and productive. However, the effect that the design of a building’s water system has on antimicrobial delivery to pigs in pens throughout the building is not known. Thus, we tracked the antimicrobial concentration in water available to pigs at four drinkers during four in-water dosing events, each conducted with looped water systems differing in their design. We found that the water system’s design and the pigs’ water usage and drinking patterns had a large influence on water flow and, therefore, the amount of antimicrobial delivered to pigs in each pen over time. We discovered that by using a circulator pump in a building’s looped water system, all pigs within a building could be delivered the same antimicrobial concentration in water over time. We also showed how a hydraulic modelling tool can be used to predict the antimicrobial concentration at drinkers over time in a specific building during a dosing event. This provides an opportunity to compare alternative in-water dosing schedules for pigs in a given building and select the one likely to be the most effective.On many pig farms, growing pigs are mass-medicated for short periods with antimicrobial drugs through their drinking water for metaphylaxis and to treat clinical disease. We conducted a series of four prospective observational cohort studies of routine metaphylactic in-water antibiotic dosing events on a commercial pig farm, to assess the concentration of antimicrobial available to pigs throughout a building over time. Each dosing event was conducted by the farm manager with a differently designed looped water distribution system (WDS). We found that the antimicrobial concentration in water delivered to pigs at drinkers in each pen by a building’s WDS over time was profoundly influenced by the design of the WDS and the pigs’ water usage and drinking pattern, and that differences in the antimicrobial concentration in water over time at drinkers throughout a building could be eliminated through use of a circulator pump in a looped WDS. We also used a hydraulic WDS modelling tool to predict the antimicrobial concentration at drinkers over time during and after a dosing event. Our approach could be used to evaluate alternative in-water dosing regimens for pigs in a specific building in terms of their clinical efficacy and ability to suppress the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, and to determine the optimal regimen. The approach is applicable to all additives administered through drinking water for which the degree of efficacy is dependent on the dose administered.

Application of modified hybrid vision correction algorithm for an optimal design of water distribution system

Application of modified hybrid vision correction algorithm for an optimal design of water distribution system

An Enhanced Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization in Water Distribution Systems Design

The scarcity of water resources nowadays lays stress on researchers to develop strategies aiming at making the best benefit of the currently available resources. One of these strategies is ensuring that reliable and near-optimum designs of water distribution systems (WDSs) are achieved. Designing WDSs is a discrete combinatorial NP-hard optimization problem, and its complexity increases when more objectives are added. Among the many existing evolutionary algorithms, a new hybrid fast-convergent multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is developed to increase the convergence and diversity rates of the resulted non-dominated solutions in terms of network capital cost and reliability using a minimized computational budget. Several strategies are introduced to the developed algorithm, which are self-adaptive PSO parameters, regeneration-on-collision, adaptive population size, and using hypervolume quality for selecting repository members. A local search method is also coupled to both the original MOPSO algorithm and the newly developed one. Both algorithms are applied to medium and large benchmark problems. The results of the new algorithm coupled with the local search are superior to that of the original algorithm in terms of different performance metrics in the medium-sized network. In contrast, the new algorithm without the local search performed better in the large network.

Environmental and economic performance of a water distribution system through a lens of life cycle thinking: A case study of the City of Kelowna

ABSTRACT Water distribution systems (WDSs) are designed to supply water to consumers. Previously, the performance of WDSs was assessed based on the hydraulics, i.e., delivering water with sufficent quantity and good quality under the desired pressure. However, the recent sustainability paradigm has been widely recognized in engineering projects, leading water stakeholders to evaluate WDSs’ performance not only in terms of hydraulics but also considering the environmental and economic impacts. This research proposes an approach to evaluating the sustainability of WDSs at the design stage by applying a life cycle thinking approach. The proposed approach was demonstrated by selecting a small WDS located in the City of Kelowna, Canada as a case study. Twelve alternative designs were created by varying WDS design variables such as pipe diameters, pipe materials, etc. The selected design scenario has 2.5% less CO2 emissions and 12.6% lower cost compared to the baseline design. The developed approach can be applied to WDS having different characteristics to identify conditions, design parameters, and infrastructure components having less environmental and economic impacts.

Design and Development of Automatic Quality Domestic Water Distribution and Wastage Reduction Management System

The consequence of the project is that it is possible to minimize unnecessary consumption of water and provide water of good quality. This will eliminate additional health conditions. Recent days have raised the availability of polluted water due to the irresponsibility of staff or the collapse of pipes. However to prevent such cases, such automated systems will help to achieve the best water quality. Another big issue that can be minimized once this project is successfully completed is undesirable water pollution. By automatically shutting down the inlet tube once the tank reaches the full volume large amounts of water can be saved. As of now the water is just shut down on time. This can be stopped. The tank can be cleaned periodically via the automated tank cleaning system with echo enzymes, which in most locations is not properly accomplished. Bacteria and other germs can also be killed automatically by adding organic chlorine when needed. This is more effective than human work, since human beings add chlorine. They just add randomly, but this can be avoided when automated. The system of rationing implemented in this project would help people get the same amount of water. And robbery may also be minimized. We can also implement a system to buy water online by means of which people can buy water when they need the excess. All data, such as flow rate, pH, can be obtained from each house with GSM technology. This project will help to build a new, intelligent village and help people to access good quality water. In addition, implementation can be carried out on the basis of the specifications.

Analytical Optimization Approach for Simultaneous Design and Operation of Water Distribution–Systems Optimization

AbstractThis paper presents an analytical algorithm for simultaneous least-cost design and operation of looped water distribution systems (WDSs). This method could be used to replace evolutionary m...

How close simple EAs’ optimal solutions can approach global optima: experience from water distribution system design problems

Abstract An issue regarding near-optimal solutions identified by evolutionary algorithms (EAs) is that their absolute deviations from the global optima are often unknown, and hence an EA's performance in handling real-world problems remains unclear. To this end, this paper investigates how close optimal solutions from simple EAs can approach the global optimal for water distribution system (WDS) design problems through an experiment with the number of decision variables ranging from 21 to 3,400. Three simple EAs are considered: the standard differential evolution, the standard genetic algorithm and the creeping genetic algorithm (CGA). The CGA consistently identifies optimal solutions with deviations lower than 50% to the global optimal, even for the WDS with 3,400 decision variables, but the performance of the other two EAs is heavily case study dependent. Results obtained build knowledge regarding these simple EAs’ ability in handling WDS design problems with different sizes. We must acknowledge that these results are conditioned on the WDSs and the parameterization strategies used, and future studies should focus on generalizing the findings obtained in this paper.