Design Of Transportation Systems Research Articles

Modeling of urban road network traffic carrying capacity based on equivalent traffic flow

The determination of the traffic carrying capacity of road network is of great significance to the scale control of urban vehicles and the control of transportation systems. Existing related works have proposed calculation models and solutions for different application environments. However, these studies have problems such as diversification of capacity definitions, incorrect analysis of factors, and excessive model constraints. In response to these problems, this paper aims to determine the connotation of traffic carrying capacity and put forward a novel calculation model for carrying capacity. Firstly, in-depth analysis found that the key factor affecting the number of vehicles is the service level of road network. Then, the connotation of traffic carrying capacity is clarified, that is, the maximum number of vehicles travelling simultaneously in the road network under a certain service level. Second, based on the definition of carrying capacity and the characterization relationship between average travel speed and service level, the calculation of carrying capacity is transformed into the establishment of relationship between average travel speed and maximum number of vehicles. The construction of this relationship includes five steps, which are proposal of equivalent lane, division of traffic basic units, construction of basic unit travel time model, calculation of basic unit carrying capacity, and calculation of road network carrying capacity. In particular, the proposal of equivalent lane achieves the conversion from intermittent flow to continuous flow, and the abstraction of traffic flow further unifies the operation process into a unified mode of free travel and stacked release. Finally, the VISSIM simulation software is employed to verify and evaluate the proposed models. The results show that the average relative error between the simulated data and the calculated data obtained from the model is -0. 46%. Findings from this study will provide an innovative idea for the evaluation of urban road network performance. It can also provide a basis for urban managers to improve service level of road network and optimize the design of transportation system.

Logic prototyping: approach and use cases

In this article, we present an approach to prototyping complex systems and processes using classical predicate logic. The prototype is built by the interpreter based on a logical description of the properties and/or behavior of the designed system. The description contains the definitions of the prototype elements and the constraints that the correct prototype must satisfy. Definitions are used to build a prototype, and constraints are used to analyze it and check the required properties. Definitions are interpreted using direct logic inference, constraints are only checked on the resulting model. A wider class of formulas is used than in well-known logical languages. Computable logical and denotational semantics are defined for them. In the process of building a prototype, logical errors of uncertainty, redefinition of functions, and contradictions are diagnosed. We are given examples of prototype descriptions used for semantic program analysis, space training, transport system design.

Reduced Combustion Mechanism for Fire with Light Alcohols

The need for sustainable energy has incentivized the use of alternative fuels such as light alcohols. In this work, reduced chemistry mechanisms for the prediction of fires (pool fire, tank fire, and flash fire) for two primary alcohols—methanol and ethanol—were developed, aiming to integrate the detailed kinetic model into the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The model accommodates either the pure reactants and products or other intermediates, including soot precursors (C2H2, C2H4, and C3H3), which were identified via sensitivity and reaction path analyses. The developed reduced mechanism was adopted to predict the burning behavior in a 3D domain and for the estimation of the product distribution. The agreement between the experimental data from the literature and estimations resulting from the analysis performed in this work demonstrates the successful application of this method for the integration of kinetic mechanisms and CFD models, opening to an accurate evaluation of safety scenarios and allowing for the proper design of storage and transportation systems involving light alcohols.

Internet of Things and Intelligent Transportation System

As the core of the new monitoring system, the Internet of Things realizes the integration of wireless sensor networks and traditional communication networks, and provides a platform for remote management and monitoring of the underlying equipment. The intelligent transportation system framework built on this basis combines intelligent transportation technology and the organic combination of vehicle management technologies is conducive to the safety, speed and reliability of vehicle transportation, and plays an important role in further reducing transportation costs. Based on this, this article launched the research on the Internet of Things and intelligent transportation systems. This article first summarizes the concepts of the Internet of Things, intelligent transportation and wireless sensor network technology and the current research status at home and abroad. By analyzing and comparing the performance and characteristics of various communication methods, embedded core microprocessors and embedded operating systems, this paper proposes an overall design scheme of the Internet of Things transportation system based on embedded technology. This paper analyzes the path planning problems in the application of the transportation system, combining the shortest path algorithm simulation results and the actual characteristics of the transportation network, and proposes a simulation data fitting method based on two network parameters and Bellman-Ford, Dijkstra, and Floyd algorithms. The route optimization scheme, and the above-mentioned design scheme was implemented in the transportation system, and the scheme verification was carried out. Finally, this article describes in detail the overall debugging process and operating results of the transportation system, thereby fully verifying the feasibility and correctness of the design and implementation methods of the intelligent transportation system based on the Internet of Things. The research results show that when the INF-PROPORTION is small, the Dijkstra algorithm is better than the Bellman-Ford algorithm. When INF-PROPORTION=0.3, the two algorithms T overlap. Since then, the advantages of the Bellman-Ford algorithm gradually appear, but it is approaching in INF-PROPORTION. At 1 o’clock, the Dijkstra algorithm has a sharp decrease, which is again smaller than the Bellman-Ford algorithm. The second loop condition in the main loop of Dijkstra’s algorithm cannot be satisfied, resulting in a decrease in T.

Problems in the air transport systems of cotton harvesting machines

The article describes the analysis regarding the shortcomings of the horizontal and vertical spindle cotton picking machines manufactured in the country, based on the principles of operation and experiments of air transport systems that transfer cotton from the picking machines to the bunker. On the examples of JX-220 horizontal and semi-trailer vertical spindle machines with suspended structures, the moving air velocities in the air transport pipelines were measured using a Kanomax Anermomaster 6112 instrument and the results were interpreted. In high-yield fields, the decline in the harvesting qualities of machines of both constructions is to some extent characterized by defects in the air transport system. During the operation of the JX-220, the cotton collected and stuck in the front drum of the harvester is collected in the receiving chamber of the system due to the low air flow rate. The four-row MX-2.4 semi-trailer with a vertical spindle has a stairwell behind the tractor to facilitate maintenance, complicating the design of the air transport system. The experiments have shown that due to the increase in local aerodynamic resistance in the system pipes, the flow rate to transport the cotton to the bunker is insufficient. The results of analyses and experiments require research on the reduction of aerodynamic resistance in machine air transport systems.

Mapping the Research Landscape for the Motorcycle Market Policies: Sustainability as a Trend—A Systematic Literature Review

The motorcycle market has experienced an upward trend. That growth brings along mobility, accidents, and environment-related issues; nevertheless, there is a scarcity of literature on evaluating the impact of motorcycle market policies. Consequently, it has been challenging for researchers and policymakers to develop evidence-based strategies to promote or control the growth of this market. This paper aims to review and analyze the scientific literature about motorcycle market policies, using tech-mining techniques and a cluster analysis of keywords, to provide insights about the most relevant world trends in this research area. For this purpose, the bibliographic information of publications in the field was retrieved from the Scopus database. As a result, three thematic clusters (sustainability, mobility, and electric motorcycles) were identified and explained. According to our findings, greenhouse gas emissions, sustainability, environmental impact, and developing countries are the hot research topics. The research leader countries on said topics are the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. This study can, therefore, be used as a reference to define a future research agenda in the area. Consequently, it permits researchers and policymakers to identify trending topics and gaps in knowledge, as a baseline to include motorcycles in sustainable and affordable transport systems design.

Analysis of minimum specific energy consumption and optimal transport concentration of slurry pipeline transport systems

Slurry pipeline transport is widely used in several industrial processes. Calculating the specific power consumption (SPC) and determining the best working conditions are important for the design and operation of transportation systems. Based on the Shanghai Jiao Tong University high-concentration multi-sized slurry pressure drop (SJTU-HMSPD) pipeline-resistance-calculation model, the SJTU-SPC model for calculating the power required to transport a unit volume of solid materials over a unit pipeline length is established for a slurry transport system. The said system demonstrates a uniformity coefficient in the 1.26–7.98 range, median particle size of 0.075–4 mm, particle volume concentration of 10–60%, and pipeline diameter of 0.203–0.8 m. The results obtained were successfully verified against existing experimental data. The influence of parameters, such as particle-gradation uniformity coefficient, median particle size, pipe diameter, and particle volume concentration, on the SPC were analysed. The results revealed that the greater is the uniformity coefficient, the smaller is the minimum specific energy consumption and the larger the optimal transport concentration for a constant, median particle size slurry. As observed, the optimal transport concentration for broad-graded sand equalled approximately 48%. These results supplement the conclusions of existing research, indicating that the optimal transport concentration is approximately 30% and provides theoretical support for high concentration transportation of broad graded slurry.

Material Value Ethics in a Model Process for Values-Based Design

Over recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that engineering activities must proceed with consideration of the human values that they potentially affect. The pervasiveness of communication and information technology (CIT) systems in nearly every aspect of work and personal life gives the system providers influence over human thought, feeling, and behavior with a magnitude not widely foreseen until a few years ago. Increasingly complex software, including applications of artificial intelligence that is poorly explainable, are integrated with the physical world through sensors, actuators, control systems, and Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled products. Such systems can pose direct threats to the physical safety of human beings and can negatively impact the environment. The design, deployment, and operation of transportation systems and chemical, nuclear, and other dangerous industrial plants have always required attention to human values such as safety in addition to economic values. However, recent events such as the Boeing 737 Max crashes and data breaches of financial information impacting broad swathes of nations' populations have brought public attention to the importance of including human values such as safety and privacy in the design, test, and deployment of CIT and hybrid software/control/actuation systems. This is especially the case for autonomous systems that can operate without-or can override-human decisions and control inputs [1].

Technical Design Approach for Autonomous Outdoor Transport Systems based on an Extension of Axiomatic Design using Metrics

This contribution focuses on the technical design of autonomous outdoor transport systems operating on factory premises. Outdoor applications present a high degree of complexity, which is reflected in the technical design of these vehicles. The requirements they must fulfill are higher than for indoor applications. Hence, the results of the technical design are crucial to enable the correct use of such systems. Axiomatic Design hereby offers a methodological basis for the systematic derivation of solution parameters for the technical design of autonomous outdoor transport systems. Functional metrics are introduced in addition to the conventional Axiomatic Design method to support the formulation of functional requirements and to reduce the subjectivity in the design process. The technical design approach that was developed is applied in the form of a framework.

ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF ROADSIDE FEATURES ON INJURY SEVERITY

The design and implementation of a multimodal transportation system must address the issue of mobility and sustainability with the objective of making transportation safer, better, faster, and more reliable. Roadway safety hardware which has been provided as a countermeasure to reduce the severity of highway crashes may have a contributing effect to injury severities on the highway. This emphasizes the need to evaluate the effects of roadside features on injury severity along rural and urban roadways. The study examines the effectiveness of roadside hardware in twenty-four (24) counties in the State of Maryland using the vehicular crash data for the years 2016 to 2018. The relationship between accident occurrence and the traffic and control characteristics of roadway was investigated to develop a Multinomial Logit Model to identify the factors determining the severity of vehicle crashes in relation to roadside features. Findings showed that roadside features such as trees may increase the propensity of a fatal and serious injury relative to a property damage.

Top-level Design and Application of Transportation and Tourism Big Data System for High-altitude Regions

In the high-altitude regions of Northwest China, where the levels of transportation infrastructure and public travel information services are relatively weak, problems like inadequate consistency, accuracy and timeliness of information services, insufficiently rich content, poorly targeted services, unsatisfactory public experience and large high-altitude risks remain in contrast to tourists’ growing travel demands for safe, convenient, efficient and comfortable transportation. This study discusses the key points in designing the top-level technical framework and application of transportation and tourism big data system in China’s typical high-altitude Qinghai regions. Particular focuses are on the convergence, sharing, integration and opening of transportation and tourism data under self-driving tour-based high-altitude conditions, as well as the comprehensive utilization of technical ideas and application models. Meanwhile, the main application scenarios of the system are explored for all levels of governmental sectors, the public and businesses. As the research show, the establishment of the system has positive implications for enhancing the coordination and linkage efficiencies between high-altitude scenic spots and surrounding road networks, achieving the “integrated” transportation-tourism information services characteristic of high-altitude regions, and improving the comprehensive analytical and decision-making capacity for transportation and tourism in these regions. The application system can improve the diversified service experience of public travel dominated by self-driving tours to a remarkable extent.

INFORMATION SUPPORT OF MODELING OF GRAVITY FUNCTION OF EMPLOYEES OF CITY SERVICE ENTERPRISES

The article is devoted to the establishment of information support to determine the patterns of changing the function of gravitation of employees of the urban-service enterprises. It has been established that the development of urban transport systems is impossible without the use of information technology to predict the parameters of the formation and absorption of passenger traffic. The design of urban transport systems cannot be achieved without assessing the impact of traffic improvement measures on changes in traffic and passenger flows. The main parameter by which it is possible to predict the choice of places of gravity by the inhabitants of cities is the function of gravitation between different areas of the city. The formalized functions of the gravitation of urban dwellers are not differentiated by the social composition of the population of cities. In addition, they use only travel time between areas of the city as an independent variable. The article proposes the formalization of the gravitation function of employees of the urban service enterprises using the parameters of the urban transport system, areas of departure and arrival, as well as the cost of movement. A special questionnaire has been developed to obtain the original information. A natural survey was carried out using it. As a result of the processing of survey data using correlation and regression analysis methods, the degree of influence of the studied factors on the value of the gravitation function of employees of urban service enterprises was revealed. Analysis of the correlation values obtained showed that the most significant impact on the value of the gravitation function of employees of urban services is the ratio of the cost of movement between districts and average wages in the city. The least impact is the distance from the area of residence to the place of application of work, the ratio of the cost of one square meter of housing in the area of residence and the average salary in the city, the ratio of the cost of one square meter of housing in the area of employment application and the average salary in the city. However, the compatible influence of all factors can change the level of influence of each factor and its combinations. In addition, it is advisable to take into account the technical and operational performance of urban passenger transport routes and individual transport routes.

ПОСТРОЕНИЕ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ НА КРЫМСКОМ ПОЛУОСТРОВЕ КАК МЕТОД ПОВЫШЕНИЯ СКОРОСТИ ОБМЕНА РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ

The well-known approaches to the process of building an intelligent transport sys tem are considered. The problems of digitalization of the economy are posed. The theory of economic 
 zoning is proposed as a basis for the design of an intelligent transport system on the Crimean penin sula. To solve the problem, the methods of collecting information, analyzing documentation, generaliz ing, grouping, Voronoi diagram were used.

Formulating a GIS-based geometric design quality assessment model for Mountain highways

Highways play an important role in China’s economic development, especially in mountainous regions. In reality, design of mountainous highways can be a challenging task due to complex geological and topographic conditions. From the safety perspective, it is also important that road geometric design defects and potential accident blind spots can be reasonably identified from the design. To this end, this study formulated an innovative Geographic Information System (GIS)-based geometric design quality assessment model for mountain highways. First, a fault tree analysis (FTA) was conducted to identify a series of highway design risk factors. Second, a decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique was employed to derive the factors’ weight and sensitivity. Third, road driving suitability, traffic safety sensitivity, design risk factors, and effective distance were taken into account to formulate a design quality assessment model. Forth, two case studies based on a mountainous highway located in southwest China were conducted to validate this model. The case studies established that improving geometric design quality can significantly improve the road traffic safety of mountainous highways. It is also revealed that the existence of steep slopes, tunnels, and rapid horizontal and vertical alignment change can considerably compromise the geometric design quality (GDQ), therefore, configuring these parameters is worth of further investigation. Last but not least, this study provides essential knowledge to the regime of accident prevention, high-risk road section location and mapping, traffic safety management, and design of smart transport systems.

Measures of Commuting and Local Transport Demand in Germany: A Case Study for Eighty-Nine Municipalities

The way the spatial distribution of residential and commercial land use and the ensuing commuting patterns influence regional transport demand has been the subject of numerous studies. The motivation of this study is to ascertain which measures of regional commuting can serve as indicators for other transport-related parameters. It uses publicly available German commuter, road network, and mobility survey data for eighty-nine municipalities in Germany. The analysis of commuting efficiency for the eighty-nine study areas required reversing the aggregation of relational volumes due to data protection issues. It revealed the study area delineation as a major factor influencing measures of commuting efficiency. In total, sixteen commuting measures and twelve mobility survey parameters were subjected to simple linear regression analysis. The regression analysis yielded low coefficients of determination (R 2) for measures of commuting efficiency. Higher R 2 up to 0.60 were found for the commuting measure of residence-based self-containment with the number of cars per household as well as the number and total distance of motorized and unmotorized trips. These findings underline the responsibility of transport system design for the development of sustainable cities.

An adaptive cluster-based sparse autoregressive model for large-scale multi-step traffic forecasting

Traffic forecasting has been extensively studied due to its importance for the design and development of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Most of the existing relevant literature focuses, almost exclusively, on the effectiveness of the traffic forecasting models, while neglecting the importance of computational efficiency. However, the need for faster models becomes increasingly urgent as the volume of available traffic data increases. In this paper, an effective and efficient model for large-scale multi-step traffic forecasting is presented. In particular, the classic autoregressive model is reformulated based on the idea that not all past traffic values are important for predicting future traffic values, and thus only some of them should be taken into account in the forecasting process. The selection of the appropriate past values is performed by the application of an eligibility criterion, controlled by a respective hyperparameter and its value is optimized using an efficient cluster-based method. The overall modelling approach leads to a sparse least squares problem, which is efficiently solved using a novel explicit preconditioned iterative method based on generic approximate sparse pseudoinverse. Large scale evaluation experiments were conducted using two real-world traffic datasets, and the experimental results indicate that the proposed model can achieve better balance between forecasting accuracy and computational efficiency compared to benchmark models.

Tailings Transport System Design Using Probabilistic Methods

Tailings transport system design is generally based on identifying the minimum and maximum process boundary conditions for pump selection and pipeline sizing. The approach is robust and well-proven. However, the approach has the potential to skew selections to operating scenarios that have a very low likelihood of occurring, such as the combination of high solids throughput and low tailings solids concentration. The approach can result in a tailings transport system design that is overly conservative. A probabilistic method-based approach captures the independent variability of design inputs and the combined likelihood of outcomes. This approach identifies the process conditions that have the highest likelihood of occurrence and are most applicable to equipment and pipeline selections. An outline of a probabilistic-based approach to tailings transport system design and the resulting selections is provided in this article. The probabilistic-based system design is compared to the outcomes from the traditional approach. The benefits and challenges to this approach are discussed and recommendations for utilizing this approach for tailings transport system design are provided.

A Novel Load Cell-Supported Research Platform to Measure Vertical and Horizontal Motion of a Horse's Centre of Mass During Trailer Transport

During transport, horses are subjected to acceleration in three dimensions, rapid braking, turning, noise, and other stressors. The animal's ability to make postural corrections may be insufficient to prevent injury or distress, and so knowledge of the compensatory motion patterns of the horse in the trailer is a necessary precondition for smart design of transport systems. A custom two-horse trailer was built for this project. It had a horse compartment 1.85 m wide by 3.95 m long, with adjustable bulkheads and a centre divider separating the horses. The floor was instrumented with 24 shearbeam load cells to measure the vertical load imposed by each horse and its horizontal motion. Two horses were driven on a 56 km trip on both rural and urban roads. Load data were collected at 100 Hz for the 58-minute trip and were filtered with a cut-off frequency of 5 Hz using a Butterworth low-pass filter and then vertical acceleration computed. A pivot table counted sign reversals in the vertical acceleration signal, and vertical displacement was calculated using the fundamental frequency of the resulting acceleration data. Total vertical motion was calculated by making the negative displacements absolute and summing these with the positive displacements, and vertical work done was calculated by multiplying the force by the displacement measures. Horizontal motion was calculated by averaging the transverse and cranio-caudal position of the centre of pressure every second and adding the resultant displacements. Absolute vertical displacement of the two horses was 69.55 m and 97.56 m. In addition to the work done by standing, vertical work done in response to vibration was 322.4 kJ and 443.2 kJ. Horizontal excursion was 227.1 m and 243.0 m. This is a first effort to quantify the additional workload imposed on animals during transport, which will aid in the design of smart transport vehicles that will minimize the stress to horses.

Design of WebGIS transportation and distribution system based on the genetic algorithm

Design of WebGIS transportation and distribution system based on the genetic algorithm

Large-scale transportation and storage of wood pellets: Investigation of the change in physical properties

The change in physical properties of wood pellets, with a focus on particle size distributions due to pellet breakage and attrition, was studied in a large-scale (∼450ton/h) transportation system. Critical locations with a high probability of breakage through the whole transportation system were chosen and sampled to study the effect of transportation system design and operation on the mechanical properties of pellets. Bulk density, mechanical durability, moisture content, and particle size distribution of pellets were characterized for each sample. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between the percentages of small particles (< 5.6mm) in the samples taken at different locations, especially at one with a vertical free fall of 7.8m. On average, this relatively long drop increased the proportion of particles < 5.6mm in the samples from 8.73% to 14.09%, and that of particles < 3.15mm from 4.82% to 9.01%. Moreover, the measurements showed a wide deviation in the mechanical durability values, between a minimum of 90.8% and a maximum of 98.7%, which were not correlated to the sampling points but related to pellet properties. It can be concluded that pellet transportation systems require more dedicated design strategies to prevent breakage and attrition.