Design Of Thermal Power Plants Research Articles

Numerical modeling of two‐phase flows in the presence of dynamic and thermal interactions

AbstractThe study of turbulent flow in mixtures consisting of gas and particulate matter is a current area of research among modern scientists. The main objective of this area is to prevent the reduction of burnout in flow‐through systems. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop a mathematical model of turbulent gas flow with solids to explore the structure of the combustion region in a channel with a partially open boundary to determine the interfacial interaction of the injection of a flat heterogeneous flow in a confined area and the influence of regime parameters on the ignition process. For this purpose, a modeling method was used, which involved using the fundamental laws of continuity of flow, conservation of energy, and the quantity of motion and matter, and an experiment was conducted to reconcile the proposed model with theoretical data. As a result of this work, a model based on the averaged Reynolds Navier–Stokes equations and an algorithm for solving a turbulent subsonic two‐dimensional flow in a heterogeneous medium based on an Euler–Lagrange representation have been developed. Thus, the effects of the parameters of entrainment, temperature, and component concentration on the combustion range and mixing intensity were determined. The proposed methodology can be applied to solve application problems of various kinds, for example, in the design of thermal power plants. The scope of the mathematical and numerical models developed is sufficiently broad that they are universal.

Advances in Process Modelling and Simulation of Parabolic Trough Power Plants: A Review

The common design of thermal power plants is fundamentally oriented towards achieving a high-process performance, with market demands necessitating enhanced operational stability as a result of ongoing global support for renewable energy sources. Indeed, dynamic simulation represents one useful and cost-effective choice for optimizing the flexibility of parabolic trough power plants (PTPP) in a range of transient operating conditions, such as weather changes, resulting again in variations of the output load as well as varying start-up times. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of steady-state and dynamic modelling for PTPP design, development, and optimization. This gives us a greater opportunity for a broad understanding of the PTPPs subjected to a variety of irradiance solar constraints. The most important features of the steady-state and their uses are reviewed, and the most important programs used in steady-state modelling are also highlighted. In addition, the start-up process of the plant, thermal storage system capacities and response dynamics (charging and discharging modes), and yearly electricity yield can be analyzed using dynamic modelling. Depending on the dynamic simulation, specific uses can be realized, including control loop optimization, load estimation for critical in-service equipment, and emergency safety assessment of power plants in the event of an outage. Based on this review, a detailed overview of the dynamic simulation of PTPP, and its development and application in various simulation programs, is presented. Here, a survey of computational dynamic modelling software commonly applied for commercial and academic applications is performed, accompanied by various sample models of simulation programs such as APROS, DYNAMICS, DYMOLA, and ASPEN PLUS. The simulation programs generally depend on the conservation equations of mass, momentum, species, and energy. However, for the equation of equilibrium, specific mathematical expressions rely on the basic flow model. The essential flow models involved, together with the basic assumptions, are presented, and are supplemented through a general survey covering popular simulation programs. Various previous research on the dynamic simulation of the PTPP are reviewed and analyzed in this paper. Here, several studies in the literature regarding the dynamic simulation of the PTPP are addressed and analyzed. Specific consideration is given to the studies including model verification, in order to explore the effect of modelling assumptions regarding the simulation outputs.

Research and Application of Digital Positive Concerted Design for Overseas 9H Gas Turbine Project

Introduction At present， investors in the power market have an increasing demand for digitization and intelligence of thermal power generation projects. Especially， overseas projects have put forward new requirements for the integrity and timeliness of digital design. Therefore， how to integrate the existing platform and data to form an effective implementation plan for digital collaborative design of thermal power plants has become an important issue faced by power design enterprises. Method This paper took Unique project in Bangladesh as the application object， and put forward a complete solution through case analysis， demand analysis， secondary development， standard digitization and other means. The scheme took the digital positive design as the overall requirement and constructed a set of basic database suitable for international engineering project. Through deep secondary development and integration， the whole process from system design， layout design to civil engineering design and drawing output was opened up. The basic platform such as the integrated design platform of process and civil engineering had been improved. The digital positive design of the project was realized. Result Through the in-depth application， the barrier of digital design information isolated island is broken by technical means， and the positive and full connection of data is realized， which improves the cooperation and drawing output efficiency of the upstream and downstream. Conclusion The practical results of the project prove that the scheme is scientific and efficient， which provides a reference solution for the digital positive design of thermal power plants.

Modeling of the Optimization Procedure for Selecting the Location of New Thermal Power Plants (TPP)

At the level of design of thermal power plants (TPP), when making decisions related to the choice of its macro location and micro location, disposition solution and equipment structure, the choice of the right decision method is of particular importance. Multi criteria analysis involves solving inadequately structured problems, while in practical terms it is a necessary tool in solving the day-to-day tasks of decision-making, management actions, both at the design level and the exploitation of complex energy and process systems. The development of new methods and the improvement of existing multi criteria analysis methods have influenced their increasing application in the field of energy, from both theoretical and practical aspects. A particular segment of the application of multi criteria analysis methods is to make strategic or operational decisions when solving multidisciplinary problems with predominantly technical or predominantly economic content, whether looking at a part or the energy system as a whole. The application of these methods in choosing the right solutions in the decision-making tasks of management in the design, maintenance and operation of thermal power plants is based on the development of information technology and computer technology. There are several methods in use today, of which the following should be emphasized: PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization METHod of Enrichment Evaluation), AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), IKOR, ELECTRE (ELimination Et Choice Translating REality), MAX-MIN, MAX-MAX, Hurwicz (combination of max-max and max-min methods), SAW (Simple Additive Weighting Method), TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), conjunctive method, disjunctive method, etc. Depending on the method used, the ranking of alternatives or criteria, the best alternative or criterion or set of alternatives or criteria that meet certain conditions is obtained as a solution. Problems that can be considered using multi-criteria decision-making have certain common characteristics: a large number of criteria that must be created by the decision maker, a high likelihood of conflict between the criteria, inseparable (different) units of measure (as a rule, each criterion has different units of measure), as well as design or the choice of optimal concepts in a predetermined space. Solutions are either designing the best alternative or choosing the best action from a set of predefined final actions. This paper provides a brief description of the more important methods, along with an analysis of their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the possibility of applying them to solve the specific problem of choosing a micro location for TPP. Starting from the application of the modified multi criteria method for determining the priorities between individual alternatives for ranking and selecting the optimal micro location within a certain macro location within a predetermined framework, in a decision situation involving a number of decision makers of different specialty, examples of micro location selection for new thermal power facilities of TPP Stanari are given, TPP Gacko 2 and TPP Ugljevik 3, with preliminary definition of elimination criteria and criteria for comparison of locations of given TPPs.

Dynamic Modeling and Heat Flow Study of a Thermal Power Plant Using OpenModelica

With the integration of intermittent energy sources in the power system, the main focus of thermal power plant design is to optimize the conventional system by improving efficiency and flexibility of power generation in the start-up and base-load procedures. This paper focuses on the behavior of thermal power generation with respect to load variations, fuel variations, weather conditions and internal dynamics of the system to aid in energy planning and the optimization of power system. Dynamic modeling and subsequent simulation is to make improvements. Therefore, to model the system, this research study has used a dynamic modeling and a simulation framework (OpenModelica based on modelica language) which is an object-oriented and equation-based language. This framework allows a non-causal modeling and a flexible reuse of the models since data-flow direction is not predefined like other state of the art simulating tools i.e. MATLAB. The proposed model analyses the trend of electrical power generation of KOT ADDU thermal power plant to predict the future demand of electrical power. The achieved results show more than 90% accuracy of the proposed model in the transient operation such as start-up and base load procedure.

Modeling and performance simulation of 100 MW LFR based solar thermal power plant in Udaipur India

Solar energy is the most abundant source of energy on the earth and considered as an important alternative to fossil fuels. Solar energy can be converted into electric energy by using two different processes: photovoltaic conversion and the thermodynamic cycles. Lifetime and efficiency of PV power plant is lesser as compared to the CSP technology. CSP technology is viewed as one of the most promising alternative technology in the field of solar energy utilization. A 100 MW Linear Fresnel Reflector solar thermal power plant design with 6 hours of thermal energy storage has been evaluated for thermal performance using NREL SAM. A location receiving an annual DNI of 2248.17 kWh/m2/year in Rajasthan is chosen for the technical feasibility of hypothetical CSP plant. The plant design consists of 16 numbers of solar collector modules in a loop. HITEC solar salt is chosen as an HTF due to its excellent thermodynamic properties. The designed plant can generate annual electricity of 263,973,360 kWh with the plant efficiency of 18.3 %. The capacity utilization of the proposed LFR plant is found to be 30.2%. The LFR solar thermal power plant performance results encourage further innovation and development of CSP plants in India.

Multi-objective superstructure-free synthesis and optimization of thermal power plants

The merits of superstructure-free synthesis are demonstrated for bi-objective design of thermal power plants. The design of thermal power plants is complex and thus best solved by optimization. Common optimization methods require specification of a superstructure which becomes a tedious and error-prone task for complex systems. Superstructure specification is avoided by the presented superstructure-free approach, which is shown to successfully solve the design task yielding a high-quality Pareto front of promising structural alternatives. The economic objective function avoids introducing infinite numbers of units (e.g., turbine, reheater and feedwater preheater) as favored by pure thermodynamic optimization. The number of feasible solutions found per number of mutation tries is still high even after many generations but declines after introducing highly-nonlinear cost functions leading to challenging MINLP problems. The identified Pareto-optimal solutions tend to employ more units than found in modern power plants indicating the need for cost functions to reflect current industrial practice. In summary, the multi-objective superstructure-free synthesis framework is a robust approach for very complex problems in the synthesis of thermal power plants.

Numerical Analysis of the Condensation Characteristics of Different Heat-Transfer Media in an Air-Cooled Condenser1

Amathematical model of an air-cooled condenser (ACC) section is developed. It allows comprehensive study of its operation for various geometries, conditions, and heat-transfer media. Asoftware program for numerical analysis of an ACC section developed using Excel spreadsheet software is used to study the dependence of rates, thermal and aerodynamic characteristics of the condensation of a number of heat-transfer media in a standard ACC section on the velocity of the cooling air. The model can be used for design of thermal power plants and refrigerating machines with air-cooled condensers.

Superstructure-free synthesis and optimization of thermal power plants

The optimal synthesis and design of thermal power plants is best addressed using mathematical optimization techniques. However, conventional optimization methods require the user to manually define a priori the potential solution space through the modeling of a superstructure, which is a time-consuming, complex, and error-prone task. More importantly, the final superstructure model can not guarantee to contain all good alternatives (in particular, the optimal solution), while it might consider a huge number of meaningless or even infeasible alternatives. To circumvent the use of superstructures, recently, a generic superstructure-free optimization approach has been proposed by the authors to synthesize distributed energy supply systems. The approach employs hybrid optimization integrating evolutionary and deterministic optimization to enable simultaneous alternatives generation and optimization. In this paper, the approach is extended by a new mutation rule to enable the synthesis of thermal power plants. The features of the extended superstructure-free approach are illustrated by a case study. The optimization is initialized with the simplest plant cycle consisting of one turbine, one pump, one steam generator, and one condenser. The superstructure-free approach automatically identifies highly efficient and complex structures featuring multi-stage reheating and feedwater preheating.

Unique Challenges in the Design and Operation Philosophy of Solar Thermal Power Plants

Solar thermal power plant design and operation philosophy involves unique challenges as compared to design of conventional thermal power plants. The solar receiver operation should be able to absorb maximum solar load during transient events like daily start-up and shut-down. This requires aggressive ramp rates for transient operation of the power plant. However, the component and system level limitations must be considered in formulating these modes of operation and ramp rates.A solar receiver which usually receives heat from heliostats is designed to receive high heat flux to operate at high temperature and pressure during daytime. However, during night-time the receiver receives no heat flux and is losing heat to the environment. Day-night cyclic operation of a solar thermal power plant induces thermal cycles in the solar receiver pressure parts. Since solar receiver tubes are not insulated, the amplitude of thermal cycling is significant and needs to be addressed with proper tools and design approach. Besides, higher plant cycle efficiency requires higher operating temperature and pressure of a solar receiver, further increasing the amplitude of thermal cycling. The system level and component level response to these day-night cycles has a significant impact on modes of operation as well as on the life usage of various components. It also affects the design, specifications and operation of various plant level components.The solar thermal power plant design and operation process is optimized by having a system level thermal-hydraulics model for the solar receiver to simulate the transient start-up and shut-down events. Since all of the major components of the system are included in the model, it reflects the transient response of each of the components on each other and on the overall system. This simulation can be used to generate input conditions for component level life usage analysis. The component level life usage analysis is done using the finite-element method. The component level life usage analysis determines the permissible ramp rates. The thermal-hydraulics dynamic simulation outlines the operational philosophy of the system.

Development of a thermal power plant simulation tool based on object orientation

This study presents a new dynamic simulation tool that facilitates plant and control system design of thermal power plants. In order to provide flexibility in building plant and control systems, object-oriented modelling techniques are used to model individual plant components, and each component object model is based on the verified first principles model. Further, simulation models can be easily built by connecting individual component object models, similar to the procedure adopted in an actual plant, by using a user-friendly graphical user interface. This tool enables the design engineer to build a simulation model, execute the simulation during the design process, test an actual plant control system, and adjust the control parameters. It is a useful design tool that accelerates and enhances the plant and control system design process.

Product and process modelling in a cooperative environment: a case study for thermal power plant design

Today, the product development approaches are evolving rapidly. Collaboration among multiple organisations and enterprises becomes an important key factor for design and construction of large and complex systems. To facilitate this collaboration, it is necessary to create an environment that enables integrated product and process development. The objective of this paper is to explain a distributed information infrastructure, which shares product data and process models in a collaborative environment. For this purpose, we firstly describe the problems related to product development and present a summary of actual research works in this domain. We represent the concepts related to product development using STEP standard. Then the proposed cooperative architecture is presented. Finally, we explain how we can design collaboratively a thermal power plant using these models.

Iterative exergoeconomic evaluation and improvement of thermal power plants using fuzzy inference systems

This paper deals with the increase of cost effectiveness in the design of thermal power plants and presents a combination of the iterative exergoeconomic optimization technique with fuzzy inference systems (FIS). The development of FIS for the iterative exergoeconomic evaluation and improvement of plant components is described. An application to the iterative cost minimization of a simple cogeneration plant is discussed. Several case studies show that the application of fuzzy logic in exergoeconomics is very useful.

Noise control approaches in the design of thermal power plants

From the working environment and community nuisance aspects, the sound levels in power plants are high enough to warrant noise control measures. In many cases they are required by law. Since retrofit measures are often expensive, inconvenient, and sometimes impractical, noise control features should be incorporated in the initial design. Features such as topography of the plant site, general arrangement of equipment and plant architecture could be effectively used for control of noise in addition to specifying low noise machinery.

Bibliography on Civil Engineering Features of Thermal Plants

The purpose of this bibliography is to present to interested enginers a convenient source of reference of published articles on various phases of civil engineering work in connection with the design of thermal power plants.