Design Of Supply Research Articles

Sustainable Manufacturing for a Circular Economy

The emerging circular economy paradigm and subsequently changing consumption patterns drive the manufacturing industry to more sustainable designs and operations. Not only the environmental standards, but the way firms conduct business in economic and social aspects also comes into the consideration of buyers and investors. In this article, the framework consisting of four sustainable manufacturing pillars of supply chain, materials, design and production, and management and organization is presented so that manufacturers can embrace relevant examples in their business activities and make further transitions toward a circular economy. The analysis revealed several sustainability-oriented agendas and techniques such as sustainable management of supply chains and materials, smart and lean production, servitization, and environmental/social/corporate governance principles can form a virtuous cycle of socio-economic and environmental value creation.

Design and Development of High Voltage High Pulse Power Supply using FPGA for Dynamic Impedance Matching

High Voltage High Pulse Power Supply (HVHPPS) is designed with the goal to match fixed load, so thatprecise pulse output can be achieved. Generally the loads involve magnetron, klystron, and particle accelerators etc. The HVHPPS output pulse shape changes with load impedance variation due to various reasons. Due to changes in impedance, the performance of Pulse Power Supply degrades and reflects the power at the source end which causes component failure and system shut down. To overcome such problems, a scale down High Voltage High Pulse Power is designed and developed to match the dynamic impedance variations upto 25 % of mismatch. In earlier days, all HVHPPS were designed using microcontrollers where the problem of pulse to pulse monitoring and computational speed was compromised. The availability of variable and self-defined, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) controller, which provided flexibility to design the pulse to pulse shaping and various vital parameter monitoring, made it possible. This paper presents the design and implementation of HVHPPS over an FPGA platform to meet the fast response requirement. This paper provides a solution for impedance mismatch problems associated with such types of power supply, and also presents specifications for major components in a high voltage pulse power system for various types of load ranges. An experimental test hardware was designed and developed for HVHPPS to implement dynamic impedance algorithm and validate the results.

Design and Implementation of Multi-output Flyback Switch Power Supply

The switching power supply with flyback topology type has the advantages of easy design, lightweight, and high efficiency, and it is widely used in occasions with low power and multiple outputs. In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and low output precision of switching power supply in the current market, this paper proposes an improved 90~264Vac to +5V, +15V, -15V three-way output flyback with a power of 43.5W. The experimental test results show that the proposed switching power supply has the advantages of strong anti-interference, strong robustness, high efficiency, and low cost, and it can be widely used in various electronic devices.

Characterization of Imaging System for Satellite-Borne Polarization Camera Based on Scientific Grade CCD

The cloud and aerosol polarization camera (CAPC) is an ultrawide angle satellite-borne polarization sensor, which adopts a scientific-grade array charge-coupled device (CCD) with the feature of smearing effect. To realize shorter exposure time and increase the dynamic range for the CCD imaging box of CAPC, the idea of charge dumping is introduced into the CCD timing driving design. Then, the design of power supply, driving timing, and analog front-end (AFE) is studied in detail. Finally, the comprehensive performance of the CCD imaging box is compared by utilizing the large aperture integrating sphere light source. The measurement results indicate that the exposure time of CCD is controlled between 5 and 80 ms, and the linearity error of CAPC at various bands is lower than 0.5%. Under the condition of 90% saturation exposure, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of CAPC is 52.63 dB. The CCD dynamic range can achieve 62.91 dB. The experimental results meet the working requirements of the CAPC and verify the effectiveness of the CCD imaging design.

Design of Electric Power System for Xinhangcheng Station on Intercity Railway Connecting Line

At present, the intercity railway station is getting bigger and bigger, represented by the Intercity Railway Xinhangcheng Station. Xinhangcheng Station of the Intercity Railway Link Line is a key station for the national railway underground passenger transport, the scale of the building is larger than that of ordinary subway stations, with a total of 6 floors, including communication, signal, information, escalator, screen door and other equipment. The layout and design of ventilation, water supply, and fire-fighting equipment are more complicated than subways. The station also includes areas related to station support and integrated development, therefore, new requirements are put forward for the design of the station power system. Therefore, it is very important to study a reasonable and feasible power design scheme. In this paper, to meet the needs of the intercity railway tie line underground station building, station supporting and integrated development of electricity consumption and electricity consumption independent of each other, a 10KV/0.4KV substation is set up on the ground floor and on the second floor of the station building to supply power to the station, a 10KV/0.4KV substation is set up on the east and west sides of the supporting area to supply power to the municipal supporting area, and integrated development of a 10KV/0.4KV substation is set up to supply power for integrated commercial development, meeting the needs of all parties.

A concept mapping study of service user design of safer supply as an alternative to the illicit drug market.

Within North America and worldwide, drug-related overdoses have increased dramatically over the past decade. COVID-19 escalated the need for a safer supply of illicit substances to reduce overdoses with hopes of replacing substances obtained from the illicit drug market. Drug users 1 should be at the centre of program and policy decisions related to the development and implementation of safer supply. Yet, there is little empirical research that conceptualizes effective safer supply from their perspectives. Within a community based participatory approach to research, we conducted a concept mapping study to foreground the perspectives of drug users and develop a conceptual model of effective safer supply. Our team was composed of researchers from a local drug user organization, a local harm reduction organization, and academic researchers. The focused prompt developed by the team was: "Safe supply would work well if…" Sixty-three drug users participated in three rounds of focus groups as part of the concept mapping process, involving brainstorming, sorting, rating and naming of themes. The concept mapping process resulted in six clusters of statements: 1) Right dose and right drugs for me; 2) Safe, positive and welcoming spaces; 4) I am treated with respect; 5) I can easily get my safer supply; and 6) Helps me function and improves my quality of life (as defined by me). The statements within each cluster describe key components central to an effective model of safer supply as defined by drug users. The results of this study provide insights into key components of effective safer supply to inform planning and evaluation of future safer supply programs informed by drug user perspectives.

Research and practice on the intelligent transformation of the gate control system in a large hydropower station

With the development of information technology, the research on the hydropower stations intelligence has gradually become an important indicator for the evaluation of the hydropower industry. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the intelligent transformation of relevant equipment and systems in hydropower stations by integrating emerging information technology. In view of the implementation content of the intelligent project transformation of the gate control system in a large hydropower station, this research studies the structural design of the control system, the power supply design, the component selection, the multiple landing gate function, the intelligent protection and monitoring function, and the intelligent network architecture design of IEC61850, and analyses the practice on the intelligent transformation. Therefore, this paper can provide a certain reference for the intelligent transformation, research, and development of the gate control system of hydropower stations.

Demand forecasting accuracy in the pharmaceutical supply chain: a machine learning approach

PurposeDemand foresting significantly impacts supply chain (SC) design and recovery planning. The more accurate the demand forecast, the better the recovery plan and the more resilient the SC. Given the paucity of research about machine learning (ML) applications and the pharmaceutical industry’s need for disruptive techniques, this study aims to investigate the applicability and effect of ML algorithms on demand forecasting. More specifically, the study identifies machine learning algorithms applicable to demand forecasting and assess the forecasting accuracy of using ML in the pharmaceutical SC.Design/methodology/approachThis research used a single-case explanatory methodology. The exploratory approach examined the study’s objective and the acquisition of information technology impact. In this research, three experimental designs were carried out to test training data partitioning, apply ML algorithms and test different ranges of exclusion factors. The Konstanz Information Miner platform was used in this research.FindingsBased on the analysis, this study could show that the most accurate training data partition was 80%, with random forest and simple tree outperforming other algorithms regarding demand forecasting accuracy. The improvement in demand forecasting accuracy ranged from 10% to 41%.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides practical and theoretical insights into the importance of applying disruptive techniques such as ML to improve the resilience of the pharmaceutical supply design in such a disruptive time.Originality/valueThe finding of this research contributes to the limited knowledge about ML applications in demand forecasting. This is manifested in the knowledge advancement about the different ML algorithms applicable in demand forecasting and their effectiveness. Besides, the study at hand offers guidance for future research in expanding and analyzing the applicability and effectiveness of ML algorithms in the different sectors of the SC.

Dynamic Analysis and Machine Learning Prediction of a Nonuniform Slot Air Bearing System

Abstract Nonuniform slot air bearing (NSAB) systems have two major advantages, the external air supply and slot restrictor design, and their inherent multidirectional supporting forces and stiffness that provide excellent rotational stability. However, NSAB systems are prone to vibration from nonperiodic or chaotic motion caused by nonlinear pressure distribution within the gas film, gas supply imbalance, or simply inappropriate design. It is necessary to determine under which conditions these nonperiodic motions arise, and to design a NSAB system that will resist these vibrations. The dynamic behavior of a rotor supported by an NSAB system was studied using spectral response, bifurcation, Poincaré map, and the maximum Lyapunov exponent. The numerical results showed that chaos in an NSAB system occurred within specific ranges of rotor mass and bearing number. For example, the chaotic regions where the maximum Lyapunov exponents were greater than zero occurred in the intervals of rotor mass 20.84 ≦ mf < 24.1 kg with a bearing number of Λ = 3.45. In addition, the coupling effect of rotor mass and bearing number was also investigated. To predict chaotic behavior, ensemble regression, and the back propagation neural network were used to forecast the occurrence of chaos. It was found that ensemble regression using dataset of 26 × 121 gave the best results and most accurate prediction for this NSAB system. The results may make a valuable contribution to the design of NSAB systems for use in a wide variety of industrial applications.

Design of universal power supply and distribution ground test system based on modularity

To solve the problems of high functional requirement, complex structure and poor versatility of manned spacecraft power supply and distribution ground test equipment, a modular universal ground power supply system (PSS) is designed. The functions of the system cover the functions of wire instruction opening, parameter measurement and state detection of the interface between the manned spacecraft and the ground equipment, and realize the universal and extensible configuration. This paper provides a general architecture design method for complex manned spacecraft power supply and distribution ground test system.

Analysis and Design of a Compact Bipolar High-Voltage Short-Pulse Power Supply for DBD Application

As known, a short-pulse excitation voltage with a high rising rate and idle time [At this period, the current of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) loads is equal to or close to zero] simultaneously is conducive to taking advantage of the potential of DBD loads. However, how to use a simple and classical topology to provide such an excitation voltage is rarely researched and is still an important issue for DBD application fields. The adoption of a set of modes that can generate the excitation voltage in a half-bridge-inverter and the design of a control strategy for the inverter are the main contributions of this article. Through mode analysis, the characteristics of the power supply are discussed, and a design process of the power supply is demonstrated. The simulation and experimental results show that not only an expected bipolar pulse excitation voltage can be generated, but also the soft-switching of all power switches is realized. Compared with other types of power supplies, the potential of the excimer lamp can be well developed with the presented power supply, and the power supply has the advantages of a more compact structure, fewer components and higher working frequency.

Design of mini airborne emergency power supply based on super capacitor

In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to install emergency battery with limited space on some flight planes, a micro emergency power supply based on super capacitor was designed in combination with the good energy storage characteristics of super capacitor. The selection calculation of capacitor and the design process of main control module and charge and discharge module are discussed in detail. In the laboratory environment, a small airborne test system was built to carry out verification experiments. The results show that the device meets the basic requirements of the system for backup power supply, and has the advantage of taking up less space and avoiding maintenance, which provides a new choice for the backup power supply selection of the future in-flight test system.

Design and Testing of a Prototype Eddy Current Actuated Valve for the ITER Shattered Pellet Injection System

Reliably mitigating disruptions is essential for ITER to meet its long-term operational research plan without damage to the in-vessel components. Currently, the shattered pellet injection (SPI) technique is the most effective radiator of thermal energy and has been chosen for the baseline disruption mitigation system (DMS) for ITER. The SPI process uses cryogenic temperatures to desublimate material into the barrel of a pipe gun forming a solid cylindrical pellet. Pellets for ITER will initially be hydrogen and hydrogen–neon mixtures. Once formed, pellets are dislodged and accelerated using high-pressure gas (40–60 bar) delivered by a fast-opening valve. The solenoid valves currently used for SPI experiments will not operate in an ITER environment due to the large background magnetic field. An ITER prototype fast-opening valve, called a flyer plate valve (FPV), has been designed and has undergone a wide range of testing. The FPV operates by pulsing current through a pancake coil that is closely coupled with a “flyer plate.” The flyer plate is an aluminum plate in which eddy currents are generated creating a repulsive force from the pancake coil. The force generated in the flyer plate rapidly lifts the valve tip off the seat and delivers a pulse of gas to the rear of the pellet, breaking it free from the barrel and accelerating the pellet downstream to its intended target. The design of the valve has been iterated on over the lifetime of this project, as the DMS for ITER shifted from massive gas injection (MGI) to SPI. The most recent design has been tested, and operational ranges have been mapped. The valve must survive 3000+ cycles in an ITER-like magnetic field. The principal functional requirement of this valve is to reliably dislodge and accelerate hydrogen (or H–Ne mixture) pellets into ITER. The valve was mated with an ITER SPI test stand and has been shown to be capable of launching pellets reliably. The valve and power supply design will be discussed in this article, along with the various testing setups used to determine the feasibility of this valve for use on ITER.

건물 공조용 다중열원설비 내 열거래 최적제어에 관한 연구

To expand and supply stable urban-type renewable heat energy, it is necessary to develop an optimal heat supply design technology using a new renewable multi-heat source with a district heating system. In this study, a thermal system for heating three buildings with a solar collector, two heat storage tanks, a fuel cell, a geothermal heat pump, and a BTES was modeled using TRNSYS. The size of the BTES and control methods for heat exchange between thermal storage tanks were optimized in order to minimize the sum of energy supplied from district heating and energy consumed in the system by changing various operating variables. In the current simulation model, the optimal capacity of BTES was 2,500 m3, which was about 3.15% more energy saving that for 500 m3. When heat trading was executed between thermal storage tanks, energy consumption was 1,121,446 MJ, which saved up to 3.1% compared to 1,157,287 MJ without heat trade. Compared to the original load without renewable energy facilities, it was possible to save up to 1,480,632 MJ of energy, which was about 61.48% of the original load of 2,408,398 MJ.

Design of Subsurface Drip Irrigation Supply by Type of Soil according to the Growth Period of Soybeans

Design of Subsurface Drip Irrigation Supply by Type of Soil according to the Growth Period of Soybeans

Energy storage in magnetic devices air gap and application analysis

With the rapid development of power electronic conversion technology, energy conversion has become more common than ever, and magnetic devices are more widely utilized. In power electronic conversion, magnetic devices are becoming more important and prominent, which puts forward higher requirements for the design and stability of magnetic devices. Many of domestic and foreign studies on magnetic devices pay particular attention to influence of air gap and loose magnetic field on inductance, but there is little analysis on the air gap energy storage of magnetic devices. This paper focuses on the energy storage relationship in magnetic devices under the condition of constant inductance, and finds energy storage and distribution relationship between Magnetic material and gap. The energy distribution ratio between material and gap of Magnetic Devices is verified on the dual-input power supply transformer of the energy storage converter.The innovation point of this paper is to analyze storage energy distribution ratio on the core and gap of magnetic devices from the perspective of energy that the storage energy distribution ratio of magnetic devices is changed after the addition of air gap. In the design of power supply, according to the demand of energy conversion, adjust the size of air gap appropriately, then change the energy storage position of magnetic devices, increase margin of the saturation flux density, improve the linearity of permeability, adjust the stability of switching power supply, provide theoretical reference for the design of magnetic devices of switching power supply.

Systemic risks in supply chains: a need for system-level governance

Purpose Global and interconnected supply chains are increasingly exposed to systemic risks, whereby individual failures propagate across firms, sectors and borders. Systemic risks have emerged from the decisions of individual firms, e.g., outsourcing and buffer reduction, and are now beyond their control. This paper aims to identify appropriate approaches to mitigating those risks. Design/methodology/approach Systemic risks require analyzing supply chains beyond a dyadic perspective. This study approaches the problem through the lenses of complex systems and network theories. Drawing on the lessons learned from other systemic-risk-prone systems, e.g. energy and financial networks, both in research and practice, this study analyzes the adequate level of governance to monitor and manage systemic risks in supply chains. Findings The authors argue that governance institutions should be mandated to overview and reduce systemic risks in supply chains from the top down, as central bankers do for the financial system. Using firm-level data and tools from network analysis and system dynamics, they could quantify systemic risks, identify risk-prone interconnections in supply chains and design mitigating measures. This top-down approach would complement the bottom-up supply chain management approach and could help insurers design policies for contingent business interruptions. Originality/value Instead of looking at supply chains purely from the firms’ angle, the perspective of insurers and governments is brought in to reflect on the governance of risks.

Small-Signal Analysis and Controller Design of Anode Power Supply for ECRH

The anode power supply is very important to the stability of the output wave power of the electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system. In order to improve the stability and anti-interference ability of the anode power supply, the small-signal analysis and controller design of the anode power supply are carried out in this article. First, the anode power supply is simplified and equivalent. Then, the LCC resonant circuit and the linear amplification circuit are established, respectively, for detailed analysis and research, and the small-signal models of these two parts are established. The transfer function of the whole system is obtained, the stability and rapidity of the anode power supply are analyzed, and the controller parameters are designed. Finally, the simulation model and prototype are built. The experimental results show that the system has better dynamic response ability and anti-interference ability after adding the controller.

Систематизация гидравлического расчета металлических сетей водоснабжения и водоотведения с внутренними отложениями на стенках труб

Introduction. The purpose of the research is to establish the criterion for assessing the pipeline operation efficiency and verify the accuracy of hydraulic design of metal pipes that have internal deposits. Materials and methods. The authors provide calculated dependences to determine the values of the characteristics of the hydraulic potential of metal pipes having internal deposits. A specific case is employed to compare the characteristics of new pipes and pipes having different thicknesses of the layer of internal deposits. The percent discrepancy between pipe characteristics is provided. Results. The authors recommend evaluating the accuracy of the hydraulic design of water supply and sewerage networks having internal deposits in reliance on the value of the operation efficiency coefficient for water supply or sewerage networks. The authors offer a formula derived to determine the value of the efficiency coefficient for the operation of water supply and sewerage networks having internal deposits on inside walls of a pipe. The authors suggest systematizing the hydraulic design of metal water supply and sewerage networks that are made of metal and have deposits on the inside of pipe walls by taking into account the thickness of the layer of internal deposits, characterized by the value of the network operation efficiency coefficient. Conclusions. Systematization of hydraulic design of water supply and sewerage networks that are made of metal and have deposits on the inside of pipe walls allows for the acceptable accuracy of its hydraulic design that takes account of the actual value of the coefficient of efficiency of pipeline operation Kef, taking into account the value of actual thickness of deposit layer σact. In other words, systematization of hydraulic design of water supply and sewerage networks, having deposits on the inside surface of metal pipes, is based on the value of their efficiency coefficient Kef, that takes into account the actual hydraulic potential of pipes (pipelines) depending on the layer of internal deposits σact.

Application of Energy-saving Technology in Building Water Supply and Drainage Design

Application of Energy-saving Technology in Building Water Supply and Drainage Design