Quantitative Experimental Design Research Articles

An IOT Based Landslide Detection and Early Warning System in Hilly Areas: A Case Study of Bududa District, Eastern Uganda

Landslides are the gravitational movements of soil, rock down slopes that can cause several damages to the environment. It is one of the most common occurring natural phenomena worldwide in causing great loss of lives and property. The study aimed at developing a Web-Based Landslide Detection and Alert System to monitor and alert people in landslide-prone areas in time. Quantitative experimental designs were employed targeting parameters like soil pore pressure, soil vibration, soil movement, rain intensity and humidity. These are sensor-monitored and their values are analysed for the system development. These values are transmitted to the monitoring section via the internet and people get notified by a text “landslide detection alert” by using GSM. Findings are expected to contribute towards disaster preparedness and eventual loss of lives and property. It is therefore recommended for use in such prone areas by the ministry and other organs of concern

Evaluation of the Role of Twitter in Increasing the Awareness and Knowledge about Diabetes Among Citizens of Saudi Arabia

Purpose: The objective of this research was to evaluate the role of Twitter in increasing the awareness and knowledge of diabetes among citizens of Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this research we used a purposive sampling method and carried out a quantitative experimental study design. The participants were adults Twitter users from Saudi Arabia that had relative diabetic patients. The sample size was 200 participants, which were divided into an intervention and a control group. Each group consisted of 100 participants. The intervention group was recruited through Twitter, and the control group was recruited through WhatsApp. Data were analyzed and interpreted using statistical techniques, such as paired t-test, the simple t-test and the ANOVA. Results: The mean diabetes knowledge test (DKT) score of the intervention group was Mean=13.57, SD= 3.46. After the intervention process, the mean (M) increased to 17.06 and the standard deviation (SD) decreased to 2.35. According to these outcomes, the paired t-test showed that the use of Twitter had an influence on increasing diabetes awareness. Instead, for the control group, the mean (M) was 13.68, and the standard deviation (SD) was 3.72 at the baseline. During the study process, the mean (M) of the control group increased to 14 and the standard deviation (SD) augmented to 3.59. Then, according to the paired t-test, we concluded that in the control group, there was no effect on the participants’ knowledge. Conclusion: The results suggested that Twitter had a positive impact on increasing awareness and diabetes knowledge among adult Twitter users in Saudi Arabia.

Impact of muscle mass on blood glucose level.

At present, diabetes is one of the leading causes of mortality across the world. It was hypothesized that muscle mass could have a significant influence on blood glucose level and this corelation if established successfully could pave way for novel treatment modalities for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present study, the association between muscle mass and blood glucose level was examined in a healthy population who was not having T2DM at baseline and was undergoing a regular course of exercise. The clinical study was performed involving 53 healthy male populations between 10 and 60years of age. The participants were sampled in accordance with the quantitative experimental study design, using nonprobability sampling techniques. The independent variable measured among the subjects included muscle mass and blood glucose level, using bioelectrical impedance and a simple glucometer respectively. Subgroup analysis amongst different substantial parameters including body mass index (BMI), myostatin inhibitor usage, and age factor that could affect the muscle mass and glucose level correlation were also studied simultaneously. The study findings demonstrated a negative correlation between muscle mass and glucose utilization levels. There was a significant difference in the mean muscle mass of the participants which was 36.2453, and the mean glucose utilization level which was 15.1493%. Pearson correlation between the muscle mass and percentage of glucose utilization of the participants indicated a significant difference (since p-value <0.05) between these two studied parameters. The study finding suggests an inverse association of the skeletal muscle mass with blood glucose level which encourages the implication of muscle-building exercises as the preventive measure for T2DM.

Audio Visual Application on Narrative Text’s Vocabulary Achievement on Tenth Grade Students of SMKN 5 Padang

Background: The low ability of students in achieving narrative text vocabulary. Objective: To discover whether understudies who are instructed utilizing sound visuals have superior lexicon accomplishment than understudies who are instructed utilizing routine media in the tenth grade of SMK N 5 Padang. Methods: This study uses a true experimental quantitative design method. The research design is a two-group pretest-posttest design. In this study, the population is class X SMK N 5 Padang. Results: Shows that students taught by Audio Visual have better vocabulary achievement in Narrative text than students taught by Conventional Media. in class X SMK N 5 Padang. Conclusion: The employment of audiovisual media in the teaching of vocabulary mastery was extremely effective when compared to traditional media.

Audio Visual Application on Narrative Text’s Vocabulary Achievement on Tenth Grade Students of SMKN 5 Padang

Background: The low ability of students in achieving narrative text vocabulary. Objective: To discover whether understudies who are instructed utilizing sound visuals have superior lexicon accomplishment than understudies who are instructed utilizing routine media in the tenth grade of SMK N 5 Padang. Methods: This study uses a true experimental quantitative design method. The research design is a two-group pretest-posttest design. In this study, the population is class X SMK N 5 Padang. Results: Shows that students taught by Audio Visual have better vocabulary achievement in Narrative text than students taught by Conventional Media. in class X SMK N 5 Padang. Conclusion: The employment of audiovisual media in the teaching of vocabulary mastery was extremely effective when compared to traditional media.

Substandard Housing Contributory Factors: Analysing Scenarios in Neighbourhoods of Port Harcourt Municipality,Nigeria

The study assessed substandard housing contributory factors of neighbourhoods in Port Harcourt municipality, Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to identify factors that are contributing to substandard housing in Port Harcourt municipality; assess the impact of contributory factors to substandard housing in the study area; and identify physical planning measures to improve substandard housing in the study area. The study employed quantitative research approach and experimental research design for collection and analyses of data in the study. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used for collection of data. Slovin formula was used to determine the sample size and a total of 399 respondents (households) were interviewed from three grouped neighbourhoods and communities (planned neighbourhoods, indigenous enclaves and waterfront communities). The revealed the contributory factors to substandard housing in the study area are low income, large household size, multiple households in a building, limited habitable rooms per household, building construction materials, rapidly deteriorating physical condition of buildings, and sharing of facilities by households in buildings. The study also revealed the impacts of these factors include urban neighbourhoods and communities are deteriorating into slum and squatter settlements and rapid defacing of the urban fabrics and landscape. The study makes the following recommendations to improve housing standards including regular physical assessment of buildings in the study area to ascertain their fitness for habitation; waterfront environment should be reclaimed and planned by government for residents’ easy accessibility and affordability; development control agencies should ensure residential buildings are developed according to approved plan and specifications; mortgage and financial institutions should grant soft and interest-free loans to low-income earners and the poor; government should prioritise the development of low-cost houses for low-income earners and poor citizens; social amenities and services should be provided to enhance housing and neighbourhood quality; and government and its agencies of urban development and physical planning as a matter of urgency carry out spatial reorganisation through urban renewal programmes and projects at various neighbourhoods and communities.

Assessment and Factors Influencing Protein Content of Human Breast Milk at Various Stages of Lactation in Yobe State Nigeria

Aims: Aim: Protein in breast milk has diverse functions which gives short and long term benefits. This means human milk must adequately supply the nutritional needs of infants especially during the period of exclusive breast feeding as mandated for lactating mothers. The study assessed quantity of proteins in lactating stages of mother’s breast milk and the factors that influence its availability in Yobe State, Nigeria.&#x0D; Study Design: Quantitative experimental and descriptive survey methods were adopted for the study. Quantitative experimental design was used for the analysis of breast milk samples collected while descriptive survey method was used to derive primary and secondary data to determine factors influencing protein in breast milk.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The collection of the samples was done in three stages of lactation from October to December (2019) in Yobe State, Nigeria.&#x0D; Methodology: Primiparous women residing in Nguru (n= 49/town) were recruited base on agreement with the hospitals prior to their delivery. Breast milk samples were collected at three stages of lactation; colostrums (1-2 days), transition (12 day) and mature (30 day) for protein analysis. Descriptive survey through structured questionnaire was adopted to derive primary data which was used to determine nutrition during pregnancy and factors influencing breast milk composition.&#x0D; Results: The mean proteins are 3.88%, 1.79% and 1.23% for colostrum, transition and mature milk respectively. It showed that breast milk is a dynamic fluid with changes in its protein content over the course of lactation and varies within and between nutrition and between mothers. Those with low, normal and high BMI accounted for 6.1%, 81.6% and 12.2% respectively. Based on WHO standard, 82% of the women has normal BMI during pregnancy which translate good nutrition.&#x0D; Conclusion: The nutrition of the pregnant women influenced breast milk proteins. Age, ethnicity, religion and parity have no significant effect on protein quantity in breast milk. Increased education stratification and income levels contribute positively to proteins in lactation stages.

Contribution of each leg in the static postural stability of unilateral transtibial amputees, a study with Information Theory

Introduction: Transtibial amputees tend to isolate themselves because they lack confidence in performing daily tasks; rehabilitation processes such as the use of prostheses are carried out for their social reintegration, where postural stability must be ensured, and activities allowed in diverse contexts. Objective: Verify the contribution of each leg and direction (anterior/posterior and medial/lateral) of the center of pressure (CoP) in the static postural stability of unilateral transtibial amputees due to landmines using information theory. Methodology: A quantitative experimental design was applied to examine the displacement and velocity of the CoP using infometric measurements in nine transtibial amputees, and the non-parametric U Mann-Whitney test was applied to recognize statistically notable differences (p &lt;0.05) between each leg. Results: There are statistically notable differences between the legs in the variables of displacement and velocity. Each leg contributes differently to the control of the static bipedal posture, and their behavior in the directions of movement of the CoP differs from each other, but they work together to generate compensation strategies that allow maintaining stability. Conclusions: The use of information theory made it possible to evaluate stability objectively, without specifying the kind of relationship between this and the input variables, which favored the recognition of the CoP shift as its best discriminant in comparison with velocity. Transtibial amputees control static bipedal posture with the non-amputated leg to compensate for the loss of lower leg afferents and efferents due to the amputation. The results demonstrate the suitability of using information theory in the evaluation of lateralized postural control in pathological conditions.

Estimating the dynamic range of quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy

In recent years, there have been significant advances in quantifying molecule copy number and protein stoichiometry with single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). However, as the density of fluorophores per diffraction-limited spot increases, distinguishing between detection events from different fluorophores becomes progressively more difficult, affecting the accuracy of such measurements. Although essential to the design of quantitative experiments, the dynamic range of SMLM counting techniques has not yet been studied in detail. Here, we provide a working definition of the dynamic range for quantitative SMLM in terms of the relative number of missed localizations or blinks and explore the photophysical and experimental parameters that affect it. We begin with a simple two-state model of blinking fluorophores, then extend the model to incorporate photobleaching and temporal binning by the detection camera. From these models, we first show that our estimates of the dynamic range agree with realistic simulations of the photoswitching. We find that the dynamic range scales inversely with the duty cycle when counting both blinks and localizations. Finally, we validate our theoretical approach on direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) data sets of photoswitching Alexa Fluor 647 dyes. Our results should help guide researchers in designing and implementing SMLM-based molecular counting experiments.

Formulasi dan Evaluasi Parfum Tipe Eau de Toilette (EDT) “Senarai Jingga”

Lack of research on formulation and evaluation of fragrance products (perfumes) in Indonesia and the need to improve the publication and branding of Tanjungkarang Health Polytechnic (Polkestanka) can be done through the development of perfume products according to climate characteristics in Indonesia. This research with quantitative experimental design aims to produce formulas and fragrance products (perfumes) type Eau de Toilette (EDT) that has the equivalent or better quality of branded perfumes on the markets. The Intervention has done by formulating perfume "Orange List" type EDT with 5 (five) series of fragrance ingredients 6-10% by Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 16-4949-1998 then compare it with positive control. The research was conducted from April 2020 until September 2020 at the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Department of Polkestanka Pharmacy. The results organoleptically showed the entire formula produces 100% clarity, homogeneous 100%, particle-free 100%, and citrus smell. The density of all formulas meets the requirements, with the density largest in F5 of 0,86. The fragrance resistance test of the entire formula still smelled at the 4th hour and with the spot largest test result in F2 with a diameter of 75,59 mm. The most preferred "Senarai Jingga" formula is F5 (60%). Kendall's W Test analysis obtained a significance of 0,016 that showed respondents preferred "Senarai Jingga" Perfume over positive control by the alignment of respondents judging the two perfumes to be significantly different. The later research suggests is that a favorite level test between “Senarai Jingga" Perfume and different positive controls (other brand perfumes) with citrus characteristics is required.

Mathematical Problem Solving Ability: The Impact of Mathematics Learning Videos on an E-Learning Platform

This study aimed to determine the effect of instructional videos on an e-learning platform toward students' mathematical problem solving ability. This research employed the quantitative aproach and experimental research design. This study utilized a test instrument to determine students' mathematical problem solving abilities. Furthermore, a t-test was performed on the data that had fulfilled the prerequisite testings: the normality test and the homogeneity test. The results indicated that there was an effect of mathematics learning videos on the e-learning platform on students' mathematical problem solving abilities. Students who watched the instructional videos had better mathematical problem solving abilities than students who did not watch the instructional videos.

The effects of stereotype threat on Roma academic performance in Slovakia: role of academic self-efficacy and social identity

PurposeOne of the goals of various European Union (EU) organizations (i.e. Roma and non-Roma nonprofits) is the integration of Roma into the educational system. A challenge for the educational systems of EU countries, therefore, is to determine how to support the academic performance of Roma. Understanding the positive and negative factors related to Roma’s academic performance and achievement is an important first step in increasing academic success among this minority group.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative experimental design was used both online and face-to-face to examine whether stereotype threat had an influence on the academic performance of Roma in Slovakia and second, whether such threat was moderated by social identification and academic self-efficacy.FindingsThe results showed that stereotype threat does influence Roma in Slovakia and there were direct effects of social identity and academic self-efficacy on academic performance of the face-to-face participants.Originality/valueConsistent with stereotype threat theory, to the best of authors’ knowledge, this research is the first to show that a stereotype threat did harm the academic performance of the face-to-face Roma sampled. Further, although many studies have examined stereotype threat effects on academic performance, little is known regarding whether social identification and academic self-efficacy have an influence on such threats. The results of the study show that social identification and academic self-efficacy had a significant direct influence on academic performance.

The influence of water content and ionicity on the efficacy of soft contact lens care regimens on Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background: Contact lens care regimens appear to be prescribed based on familiarity or by matching contact lens brands rather than consideration to efficacy.Aim: This study compared the effectiveness of multipurpose and peroxide cleaning solutions on low- and high-water content ionic and non-ionic soft contact lenses, in removing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa).Setting: The laboratory work was conducted by health science students in a graduate level programme in the microbiology laboratory at a university in south-eastern South Africa.Methods: A quantitative analytical experimental design was used. Four groups (labelled I, II, III and IV) of soft contact lenses, varied ionicity and water content were inoculated with P. aeruginosa and then exposed to three solutions containing antimicrobial ingredients, polyaminopropyl biguanide (Dymed), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and polyquaternium-1 (Polyquad). Each group contained 14 soft contact lenses, with the exception of Group III in which eight lenses were used. Saline served as the control. After 18 h, the remaining colony-forming units were counted using visual inspection as an indicator of efficacy against P. aeruginosa.Results: The solution containing H2O2 was found to be the most effective in removing P. aeruginosa from all Food and Drug Administration (FDA) groups of contact lenses whilst Dymed was found to be comparatively ineffective for this organism. Water content and ionicity had no effect on the efficacy of the solutions.Conclusion: Practitioners should consider the efficacy of the active ingredients against microorganisms when dispensing contact lens solutions, particularly for contact lens wearers at risk for P. aeruginosa infections.

Meningkatkan Keaktifan Anak Autis Dalam Mengikuti Kegiatan Melalui Terapi Behavioral Di Wisma Halimun

The term autism comes from the word “ auto” which means “ yourself ” while ” ism ” means “ a stream “if you join it means that an understanding is interested in myself. So, autism is a child who is interested in his world / aloof. The factor that causes autism 8 – 11 % of children with are genetic, but it is also caused by genetics and viruses. Behaviourism is a scientific view of human behaviour. It is orderly behaviour and carefully controlled experiments will reveal the laws that control behaviour. Every individual has the same positive and negative tendencies. The behavioristic theory is a theory that applies the principle of strengthening stimulus and response. This study aims to describe the three less active children participating in behaviour therapy activities at the Halimun Paulus underworld. This study used a quantitative experimental research design. Based on the results of the study with the methods used by pretest and posttest design for 5 subsidiaries of children’s activeness, the following results are obtained: the first subject AF from the pretest got a score of 56,6 and the posttest got a value of 72,2, then an increase of 15,6. And the second subject FG from the pre-test got a value of 52, and the post-test got a value of 65, then it has increased in value by 13. While the third subject of the KF from the pre-test received a value of 53,2, and the test post received a value of 68,2, a 15 increase. So seen from the three subjects which experienced the highest increase in AF 15,6 and second-order KF had an increase of 15, and the third had an increase of 13.

The THE EFFECT OF THE AUDIO LINGUAL METHOD ON STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT

The objective of this research is to find the effect of the Audio- Lingual Method on speaking achievement of the second grade of students on English Department of the HKBP Nommensen University Medan in academic year 2018/ 2019 which is focused on dialog speaking encompassing the pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, fluency, and comprehension. This design of the research was the experimental quantitative design which applied two variables, such as a dependent variable as a speaking ability and an independent variable as an Audio- Lingual Method. Having analyzed the data, the writer found that the Audio- Lingual Method affects students’ speaking ability. There was a different mean score obtained from the both control group 65, 28 and the experimental group is 8,031. The result of the calculation is: Tabs &gt; table (P= 0.05); (df= 48) And 8,031 &gt; 2,010 (P = 0.05); (df = 48). The alternative hypothesis of the method is accepted. The students’ speaking ability by using the Audio- Lingual Method shows better results compared to those who did not teach by using the Audio- Lingual Method. It is suggested for English teacher to use the Audio- Lingual Method as the way to improve the students’ English speaking ability.

The Relationship Between Bullying Experience and Self-Concept among Adolescents

Bullying is a situation where an abuse of power is committed by a person or group of people. Bullying behavior experienced by adolescents can result in teenage self-concept being disrupted so that it can result in self-withdrawn or inferior. The results of the study showed that 58.4% of adolescents had high bullying experiences and 41.6% of adolescents had moderate bullying experiences at Junior High School in 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between bullying experiences and self-concept in adolescents at Junior High School. This research method used a non- experimental quantitative design with a descriptive-analytic design. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a total sample of 89 respondents. Data collection was carried out after the result of the screening from 5 classes matched the inclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using Rank Spearmen correlation showed that the p-value was 0.000, which means that there was a relationship between bullying and self-concept in adolescents in Junior High School. This study concluded that there was a significant relationship between the experience of bullying and self-concept in adolescents of Junior High School.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WRITTEN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN TEACHING WRITING CAUSE EFFECT AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE OF SMA NEGERI 1 GROGOL KEDIRI

This article aims to know the Effectiveness of Written Corrective Feedback in Teaching Writing Cause Effect at the Eleventh Grade of SMAN 1 Grogol Kediri. This research was quantitative experimental design, more specifically uses true experimental by posttest only controls class design to analyze the data. The data were analyzed and interpreted by means of SPSS 23.0 version. The study reveals that the effectiveness of written corrective feedback has a significant effect on students’ writing achievement in term of content of the text: content, organization, vocabulary, language use and mechanic. The result of students’ writing score from control class and experimental class demonstrated a significant difference. It is found that the experimental class outperformed the control class in writing achievement with t = 9.021, df = 66 and P = .000 and 95% Confidence Interval ranging from 9.138 to 14.332. From the sig. (2-tailed) we can see the P is lower than 5% (0.000 &lt; 0.005). So, it can be concluded that the value is significant in 5% significant level. Thus, the significance different between the mean value of both class is found.

Okul Öncesinde Aile Katılımını Destekleyici Uygulamalar: Fen Etkinlikleri ile Aile Eğitimi

First teachers of children are their parents and parents are responsible for their children’s education and personality development. In an efficient and high-quality education, family collaboration is of great importance as well as teaching programs, teaching environment and teachers. This study aims to unite the family with the child in educational life; and it was based on the “science activities practices” as a means, which is described as difficult and boring. In this study, 17 activities prepared by the researcher in parallel with the achievements of the program were presented at certain intervals as “parent-child” activity to the families of 25 students who receive education at a preschool institution affiliated with the Primary Education Department of the Ministry of National Education and Culture of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and feedback was taken from the parents. The study was conducted in accordance with quantitative research methods and experimental design. The data were collected using Demographic Form, Family Involvement Questionnaire and Student Achievement Form. As a result of the study, it was found out that the practices significantly increased the family involvement and revealed significant differences in children's achievements. Children start their education life with their families. Their first teachers are their parents and parents are responsible for their children’s education and personality development until they join formal education life. In an efficient and high-quality education, family collaboration is of great importance as well as teaching programs, teaching environment and teachers. This study aims to unite the family with the child in educational life; and it was based on the “science activities practices” as a means, which is described as difficult and boring. In this study, 17 activities prepared by the researcher in parallel with the achievements of the program were presented at certain intervals as “parent-child” activity to the families of 25 students who receive education at a preschool institution affiliated with the Primary Education Department of the Ministry of National Education and Culture of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and feedback was taken from the parents. The study was conducted in accordance with quantitative research methods and experimental design. The data were collected using Demographic Form, Family Involvement Questionnaire and Student Achievement Form. As a result of the study, it was found out that the practices significantly increased the family involvement and revealed significant differences in children's achievements.

The Effectiveness of Storyline-Based Education Program on Critical Thinking Skills of Preschool Children

The study was conducted to examine the effect of the education program, prepared based on storyline method, on critical thinking skills of five-year-old children. The study was designed using a quantitative model and experimental design. 43 children including 22 in the experimental group and 21 in the control group attending preschool education institutions in the city center of Kırklareli in the school year of 2017-2018 participated in the study. In addition to the existing education programs, the storyline education program was applied by the researcher to the children in the experimental group for 10 weeks (an hour in two days a week) between 19.03.2018 and 22.05.2018. The children in the control group continued their current education programs. In the study, “personal information form” and the “Critical Thinking Skills Test for 5-6 year-old Children (CTTC)” developed by the researcher were used. In the analysis of the data, experimental design with pretest, posttest, retention test, control group was applied to analyze the data. In order to determine the effect of experimental process in cases where the data had normal distribution and homogeneity of the assumptions was provided, two-way ANOVA method was used for mixed patterns that could address the inter-group, intra-group and common effect between the pretest and posttest. In cases where assumptions were not provided, it was examined whether or not posttest and pretest difference scores differed based on the experimental and control groups. For this, independent samples t test was used in the cases where the normality assumption was not provided; whereas, Mann Whitney U test was used for the other situations. It was found as a result of the study that the education program prepared with storyline method made a significant difference in the total score of the critical thinking skills test and in the scores of interpretation, explanation, inference, analysis, and self-regulation subscales of the critical thinking skills test in children in the experimental group. When assessing the effect size of the significance revealed, a high effect size was found in the total score of the critical thinking skills test, an effect size above moderate in the analysis and self-regulation subscales, a moderate effect size in the inference and explanation subscales, and a low effect size quantity in the interpretation subscale.

Collaborative Learning Model With Problem Solving Approach To Improving Student Environment Sensitivity

In the era of globalization, many environmental problems have emerged, but individuals and communities are treating these issues with necessary seriousness. This study suggests that it is necessary to build a sense of sensitivity to the environment. Environmental Sensitivity is a predictor responsible for the environment, written on the goals and objectives in environmental education and empathy views or understanding of the environment. The purpose of this study is to look at collaborative learning models using problem-solving to increase students’ environmental sensitivity. Research is based on quantitative and pretest-posttest experimental design methods used in class X-Accounting Yatindo Vocational High School students in Bekasi. The results showed that students who studied collaborative learning models with problem learning (experimental class) displayed a higher sensitivity than students in the control class undergoing conventional learning.&#x0D; Keywords: collaborative learning model, problem-solving approach, environmental sensitivity