Design Of PV System Research Articles

Design and optimization of grid-tied and off-grid solar PV systems for super-efficient electrical appliances

Modeling, simulation, and optimization methods are used in the present study to design grid-tied and off-grid solar PV systems for super-efficient electrical appliances for residential buildings. The principal objective of this study is to design a renewable energy system to serve the electric load of super-efficient appliances with high penetration of renewable resources and low greenhouse gas emissions and cost of energy. Hourly calculations using optimization method are used to study the daily and yearly performance and the cost of the renewable energy systems. A comparison between the performance of the grid-tied and off-grid solar PV systems using conventional and super-efficient appliances in Dubai is presented. The comparison includes the total power production from the solar PV system, the power purchased from the grid, the extra power sold to the utility grid, the power used to meet the electrical load of the appliances, the excess power, the renewable fraction, the greenhouse gas emissions, and the levelized cost of energy. The results of the simulation show that the integration of super-efficient appliances powered with the grid-tied solar power system is a good option to control the energy consumption of the residential buildings and to reduce the cost of electricity and greenhouse gas emissions: low building energy consumption (reduction by half of the electrical power consumption: from 62.91 to 30.78 kWh/day using super-efficient appliances); all the electrical power demand for the building is met without shortage; the power systems produce low excess power (0.29–1.82%) compared to the off-grid power system; all the extra power from the solar PV is sold back to the grid to reduce the cost of energy, high renewable fraction (68% of the total energy served to the load is produced from solar PV), low-cost of electricity (12% reduction of the cost of energy compared to the utility grid), and low greenhouse gas emissions (45–51% reductions of the CO2, NOX, and SO2 emissions compared to the conventional electrical appliances).

Reconfigurable Photovoltaic Systems for Electric Vehicles

This article discusses the insights for design and implementation of onboard PV systems for electrical vehicles. It proposes novel and efficient approaches to maximize the performance of onboard PV systems. The proposed method has been extensively validated for industrial applications. — Xin Li, Carnegie Mellon University

PV system design with the effect of soiling on the optimum tilt angle

Abstract Local particle deposition and solar irradiance data, from Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) in the Alentejo region (southern Portugal), are used for the development of a modified effective irradiance model featuring soiling. The model allows to calculate the optimum tilt angle for soiled PV systems, as the inclusion of soiling gives realistic results for different tilt angles to be used in the absence of cleaning; instead of using an optimum tilt angle solely based on irradiance. Consequently, the proposed model enables an increase of maximum energy production and the design of multiple tilt angle configurations to further maximize the annual energy yield, regarding a common fixed structure. The presented calculations include the seasonal soiling effect for the region, showing the applicability that this type of approach has for multiple tilt angle configurations. An economic analysis is also carried out to choose the best design, taking into account the trade-off between the increase in energy production and the costs of changing the tilt angle. The effective irradiance model for clean and soiled scenarios is also explored with the development of a method to infer when a PV installation should be cleaned for the desired efficiency.

A Comparative Study and Analysis on Conventional Solar PV Based DC-DC Converters and MPPT Techniques

<p>As electricity demand escalated with supply, though there are lot of thermal power station, nuclear energy and other conventional power sources. Yet, there is exhaustion in the above assets and adding dangerous impacts to the atmospheric conditions. The world searches for sustainable power source that it is normally accessible such as sun and wind. Apart from all the renewable energy resources, solar energy is readily harnessed for domestic application to meet demand. To increase the power conversion efficiency from the solar PV system it is better have a perfect DC to DC converters. The proposed outcome of this paper is to outline the DC to DC converter with MPPT algorithms to concentrate on extreme productivity at roof-top for solar PV application which decreases the cost of energy. In addition to that it also prevents panel miss matching at all environmental conditions for safer DC Voltage with flexible site design especially for domestic applications from the solar photovoltaic module. It is necessary to analyze the converters and MPPT algorithms under closed loop condition for the design and installation of solar PV system to the load or to the grid. This review summarizes few DC to DC converter topologies, maximum power point tracking algorithm and also paid attention on the advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms and topologies.</p>

Microinverter Topology based Single-stage Grid-connected Photovoltaic System: A Review

This paper discussed the topology development of a single-stage microinverter in grid-connected PV system. In general, the microinverter topologies can be categorized into four type of topologies: 1) Flyback inverter, 2) Double-boost inverter, 3) Derived zeta-cuk configuration and 4) Buck-boost inverter. Flyback configuration is widely used for single-stage microinverter which offers protection between solar panel and utility grid. However due to the bulkiness of the transformer, new arrangement circuit employ the Half-Bridge topology with film capacitor and microcontroller provide a good room for research and future developments to obtain greater efficiency and compact design of single-stage microinverter grid-connected PV system. Plus, there are several characteristics need to be taken care for future development of the microinverter technology.

Electrochemical Technologies for Developing Countries

Batteries and photovoltaics are critical technologies for enabling electrical power for the rural areas in developing countries. The solar PV systems with battery storage are considered the only hope for almost 2 billion people without access to electricity. These forgotten people need electricity for improved basic life necessities such as reading at night, refrigerating food, or charging cell phones for communication. Solar Hope (www.solar-hope.org) is a unique, non-profit organization that has accomplished over 120 solar PV installations in Africa and South America since 2010. The PV installations were installed for schools, hospitals, orphanages, and for water pumping for whole villages. The volunteers for the organization are the students from the Electrical Engineering and Renewable Energy Engineering program at the Oregon Institute of Technology. A unique concept involves PV system design in classroom and implementation in the field. Through Solar Hope, the students participate in the design, component build, and training, prior to joining the expeditions to remote areas of Africa. Solar Hope has made a huge impact so far by affecting with the installations in the excess of 300,000 people, mostly children. The efforts by Solar Hope also save lives by enabling better treatment of patients in the hospitals and by preventing fires from burning fossil fuels inside. Solar Hope requires help from the electrochemical community in form of component donations (e.g., batteries, Solar PV panels, charge controllers, inverters, etc.) as well as monetary contributions to enable the use of electrochemical technologies in developing countries and help improve lives of millions.

Economic Analysis of a Grid Connected PV Systems: A Case Study in Khulna

This paper presents a detailed design of an on-grid PV system that meets the electrical needs of a typical domestic building in the southern corner (i.e. Khulna) of Bangladesh. The system comprising of the photovoltaic array to capture solar energy, a power converter to change over between AC and DC, grid connection and lead acid battery to store energy. The modelling is completed by assessing the required load, choosing and deciding the proper specifications of the components associated with the system. Different factors, for example, the geographic area, atmospheric condition, solar irradiance and load consumption upon which the whole work depends are all considered. The cost optimization of the system is performed as per the system’s net present cost, cost of energy, operating expense and initial capital. Additionally, an efficient algorithm to manage the system energy along with power flow is proposed. The techno-economic analysis of the proposed system is performed by using HOMER simulation software. Simulated results indicate that the proposed model meet the load demand and show tasteful execution.

Economic Analysis of a Grid Connected PV Systems: A Case Study in Khulna

This paper presents a detailed design of an on-grid PV system that meets the electrical needs of a typical domestic building in the southern corner (i.e. Khulna) of Bangladesh. The system comprising of the photovoltaic array to capture solar energy, a power converter to change over between AC and DC, grid connection and lead acid battery to store energy. The modelling is completed by assessing the required load, choosing and deciding the proper specifications of the components associated with the system. Different factors, for example, the geographic area, atmospheric condition, solar irradiance and load consumption upon which the whole work depends are all considered. The cost optimization of the system is performed as per the system’s net present cost, cost of energy, operating expense and initial capital. Additionally, an efficient algorithm to manage the system energy along with power flow is proposed. The techno-economic analysis of the proposed system is performed by using HOMER simulation software. Simulated results indicate that the proposed model meet the load demand and show tasteful execution.

Design and Simulation of Stand-alone PV System for Electronic and Communications Engineering Department Laboratories in Al-Nahrain University

In Iraq the problem of electricity shutdown in the main supply is still exists and the cuts may last for hours. This shutdown causes problems in lectures and students experiments in the colleges because all electrical devices are off. PV system is a good alternative source to overcome such a problem

Design of Standalone PV System for a Typical Modern Average Home in Shewa Robit Town-Ethiopia

In this paper a standalone PV system for the electrification of a typical modern average home in Shewa Robit (Longitude and Latitude of 10°00′N, 39°54′E respectively with an elevation of 1280 meters above sea level) that can meet the electricity power demand successfully has been designed. So as to know the daily energy consumption, load estimation has been done by considering the floor plan of the home and the daily power consumption and energy demand of the house at peak hour were found to be 5.048kW/day and 11.619kWh/day respectively. The design result shows that a typical modern average home in Shewa Robit can be electrified by using sixteen sm-130 PV modules, six 6E120-13, 12V, 808Ah batteries, one 3kW inverter, one Schneider (Xantrex) C35, 12/24V charge controller and 20m, 53.5mm2 copper conductor with the total investment cost of $12,960.36 which gives a unit cost of energy (COE) of 0.058 $/kWh.

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODELING METHODS BASED ON MATLAB SIMULINK IMPLEMENTATION

This paper presents photovoltaic system as a stand-alone electric power plant in the renewable energy development. To maximize these stand-alone generators, it is necessary to design photovoltaic modeling to produce energy and maximum power. The problems that exist in the design of PV systems are PV configuration, battery size, and the maximum power system. Therefore, this research will be proposed modeling Matlab/Simulink based PV system. The contribution of this research can provide various characteristics of the photovoltaic system with a capacity of 100 Wp. This modeling is designed using Matlab/Simulink software. The data generated from this simulation will provide a good reference for designing the stand-alone generators in the future.

Development and Evaluation of Solar Powered Catamaran for Sustainable Tourism in South east of gulf of Thailand

The aim of this research is to develop and evaluate the solar powered catamaran for a response to low carbon destination and sustainable tourism for Ko Mak Island, Thailand. The development process includes ship design, PV system design and shipbuilding. Thus, it has designed that are the length with 7.5 Meters and the width with 3.5 meters. Similarly, it has installed 1.8 kWp photovoltaic generation system and 2 units of 3-hp induction motors. The performance evaluations have been accomplished in the open water in the designated route. The result showed that the uppermost speed of the catamaran was 9.18 km/h at 4,500 W. At normal cruise speed of 2,000 W, the catamaran speed was 7.77 km/h and maximum travel distance without charging at depth of discharge equally to 0.6 is 41.96 km. Therefore, the catamaran cruise distance would cover any common travel route of Ko Mak Island. Furthermore, the 19-km extended travel route has been guided for the boat cruise and monitoring. The cruise has been performed in calm weather condition, which insolation of the cruise was 27.18 kWh. The PV system could generate electricity equally to 4.1 kWh or with efficiency of 15.08 percent. However the total consumption was 5.7 kWh. The average cruise speed was 6.26 km/h and the average motors consumption was 1,889.37 W. Finally it turned out that the boat has good maneuver response and good throttle response, passengers can walk to several parts for doing activities conveniently.

Design and Construction of a Stand-Alone PV System for Charging Mobile Devices in Urban Landscapes in Medellin

Stand-Alone PV System (SAPVS) supply an alternative means of electrification in urban landscapes that are not connected to power utility grid and that have a high flow of visitors. People are constantly using their mobile devices and in open spaces, it is difficult to get access to a battery charging station. This paper shows the design and construction of un SAPVS for charging mobile devices in urban landscapes in Medellin, based on calculations of consumption of mobile devices and portable equipment and technical variables such as intensity of solar radiation, capacity of panels and batteries. SAPVS utilize solar photovoltaic power as renewable energy source and has 6 photovoltaic solar panels of flexible technology that allow to supply the energy of the lighting system, the control system and the charging system, with a storage capacity of 240Ah, with 4 USB ports for connecting mobile devices and 2 110V - 1000W power socket for connecting laptops. From different tests of operation, it was verified that the photovoltaic solar system was able to satisfy the energy requirements, obtaining an autonomy of the system in saturation of 7 hours and an energy saving of 1246Wh, equivalent to a consumption of 230.180W, generating Thus saving 89,758.69 gr of CO2 emissions in one year of operation. This option has shown that SAPVS can adequately meet the energy needs of the people and contribute to the enhancement of the landscape and its environment in the city of Medellin.

Droop Control of Solar PV, Grid and Critical Load using Suppressing DC Current Injection Technique without Battery Storage

This paper presents design of a sustainable solar Photo voltaic system for an Indian cities based residential/community house, integrated with grid, supporting it as supplementary sources, to meet energy demand of domestic loads. The role of renewable energy sources in Distributed Generation (DG) is increasingly being recognized as a supplement and an alternative to large conventional central power supply. Though centralized economic system that solely depends on cities is hampered due to energy deficiency, the use of solar energy in cities is never been tried widely due to technical inconvenience and high installation cost. To mitigate these problems, this paper proposes an optimized design of grid-tied PV system without storage which is suitable for Indian origin as it requires less installallation cost and supplies residential loads when the grid power is unavailable. The energy requirement is mainly fulfilled from PV energy module for critical load of a city located residential house and supplemented by grid/DG for base and peak load. The system has been developed for maximum daily household demand of 50kWp and can be scaled to any higher value as per requirement of individual/community building ranging from 50kWp to 60kWp as per the requirement. A simplified control system model has been developed to optimize and control flow of power from these sources. The simulation work, using MATLAB Simulink software for proposed energy management, has resulted in an optimal yield leading efficient power flow control of proposed system.

BIM-based PV system optimization and deployment

Distributed PV systems have been widely deployed on building rooftops or facade in more complex environments thanks to their low-carbon footprint and commercial value. As a fact, the shapes and locations of building exteriors as well as their surrounding obstacles highly impact the power output of distributed PV systems. Since they are complex and correlated in nature, these environmental factors have not been precisely dealt with so far in the current manual design practice. Actually, it is evident that if in the design stage these factors can be fully taken into account, the power output versus investment would be largely enhanced. To this end, this paper proposes an automatic distributed PV system design tool, which fully utilizes and integrates the existing information and modeling techniques, i.e. information from Building Information Model (BIM), as well as advanced optimization methods, to facilitate precise PV system simulation and optimization. The proposed tool firstly makes the detailed shade and radiation analysis on the basis of the existing BIM model, and, according to these results, executes an automatic PV design process oriented by the goal of the minimal cost-to-power ratio. Afterwards, a coordinate transform mechanism is designed to automatically transfer the calculated PV design into the BIM model, which facilitates the realization of automatic deployment. This tool has been applied to a roof PV project and verified via both numerical and empirical studies. Results show that compared to human-based design, this tool can improve up to 265% design efficiency, increase 36.1% power output and reduce around 4.5% capital investment per unit power output.

OPTIMIZED ENERGY EFFICIENT SOLUTION WITH STAND ALONE PV SYSTEM

Photovoltaic systems are presenting an alternative source for production of electricity in a sustainable way. PV systems are a form of renewable energy systems that are progressively being used for efficient production of electricity. PV systems in the form of Stand Alone systems offer a potential solution to generate clean electricity with minimization of all form of losses. This system consists of PV array, battery, inverter and load. Its performance depends on orientation of PV array, horizon, irradiance, shading, the local climate, wind speed and direction and inverter performance. The I-V characteristics of the system are affected by shading of module and varying irradiance levels. The simulation model of Stand Alone PV System design using PVsyst software to perform the full analysis of PV systems is presented in this paper. The energy output throughout the year was simulated. The system loss diagram represents the efficiency of conversion and total energy output. Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/mijst.2017.31.1627 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.

Impact of Photovoltaic Tied to Electrical Grid System On Power Quality

The High Penetration of PV power into the existing electricity grid needs more study and analysis to enable safe operation. One of the major concerns is the impact of PV system on grid power quality .Poor power quality could cause disturbance and financial losses due to the use of power inverters. Harmonic distortion is a serious power quality problem that reduces power quality and consequently causes a number of problems to consumer and network. This Paper proposes a new strategy for power quality improvement in a three-phase grid connected PV Inverter with central and string configuration and controlling on them using Sinusoidal pulse width modulation and space vector modulation methods with LCL Filter .This paper investigates PV Inverter configuration and impact of them on PV Plant Performance and harmonics that produced by PV inverter. The design, modeling, and analysis of a grid-tied PV system were performed in the PSCAD software simulation environment. The simulations of Harmonic Distortion (Total Demand Distortion & Total Harmonic Distortion) were applied at Point of Coming Coupling and the results obtained were compared with the limits specified by IEEE STD 519-1992 standards.

Comparison of Turkey’s Geographical Regions in terms of Stand-Alone PV System Design and Cost Parameters

Stand-alone photovoltaic (SAPV) systems are widely used in rural areas where there is no national grid or as a precaution against power outages. In this study, technical and economic analysis of a SAPV system was carried out using meteorological data for 75 province centers in seven geographical regions of Turkey. Obtained results for each province center were separated by geographical area. The averages of the centers for each region are taken as output. A calculation algorithm based on MsExcel has been established for these operations. The analyses made with the developed algorithm are repeated for five different scenarios that they cover periods of time when a constant strong load is active for all seasons (winter, spring, summer, and autumn) and all year round. The developed algorithm calculates the life-cycle cost, the unit energy cost, the electrical capacity utilization rate, the amount of generated/excess energy per month, the initial investment/replacement, and operating and maintenance (O&M) costs of each element. As a result, geographical regions of Turkey are compared in terms of these outputs graphically. Further investigations may include the sale of excess energy generated, small-scale PV system cost factors parallel to the grid, and the effects of government incentives.

The Optimum PV System Design to Meet Energy Requirements for a House and a Car in Conditions of Istanbul

The Optimum PV System Design to Meet Energy Requirements for a House and a Car in Conditions of Istanbul

Design, simulation and economic analysis of standalone roof top solar PV system in India

The process of acquiring photovoltaic power involves designing, selecting and determining specifications depending on a variety of factors, such as geographical location, weather condition, solar irradiance, and load consumption. In this paper a detailed design of a standalone rooftop solar PV system to provide uninterrupted power supply for a hostel building is presented. It outlines the detailed procedure for specifying each component of the stand-alone rooftop solar PV system and its performance analysis using simulation software. Detailed cost analysis including installation and maintenance of a rooftop solar PV system during its life span has also been carried out. The cost of PV generation and environmental benefit are also highlighted.