Design Of Pump System Research Articles

Design of A Chemical Heat Pump System to Utilize Wasted Thermal Energy.

Design of A Chemical Heat Pump System to Utilize Wasted Thermal Energy.

Design and Simulation of Photo-voltaic Water Pumping System for Irrigation

In locations where electricity is not available, other means are necessary to pump water for different applications. Using a diesel pump to deliver water causes economic and environmental problems. The higher price of diesel increases operation costs of diesel water pumping system thereby reducing the incomes. In addition, the use of a diesel pump emits a considerable amount of CO₂ which cause global warming. A possible solution to these problems is using renewable energy source like solar power, which is environmentally friend and available for free. This paper presents the design and simulation of a photovoltaic water pumping system for irrigation of a potato farm located at a place named Gerenbo in south-west Ethiopia. The system was designed by considering the site’s topography and local meteorological data. The PV system designing was made in such a way that, capable of irrigating a hectare area potato farm with daily water requirement of 7m³ and total dynamic head of 21m. To run simulations, different tools have been used. Those include CROPWAT, MatLab, and HOMER. Furthermore, after seizing all components and sub-systems, the entire system (from solar radiation to water production) was simulated by using PVsyst. The economic and environmental aspects of PV water pumping systems have been studied. Based on the projected system lifetime production, the equivalent cost of water for PVWPs and DWPs is $0.1187/m³ and $0.3526/m³ respectively. Replacement of diesel-powered water pumping system results in an annual reduction of CO₂ emissions by 1500kg.

Analysis and Discussion of Baoji “Shigu • Tian Xi Tai”, “Shigu • Sun City” Ground Source Heat Pump Energy Station System

Baoji “Shigu • Tian Xi Tai”, “Shigu • Sun City” ground source heat pump energy station system is an important energy supply project in Shigu. In this paper, we systematically introduce the design of green building and ground-source heat pump system, points of construction process, pre-cooling station technology, EMC economic model in detail. In addition, the ground source heat pump system of the project was tested in the field to analyze and evaluate the running performance of the system. We hope our research can provide some reference and help to the practitioners.

Design of Heat Pump System in Air Heat Source Type

Design of Heat Pump System in Air Heat Source Type

Performance Prediction Model Based on Multi-Task Learning and Co-Evolutionary Strategy for Ground Source Heat Pump System

In order to effectively predict the performance of ground source heat pump system, a performance prediction method is proposed in this paper. Based on the basic model of forward neural network, the algorithm predicts the performance data of ground source heat pump system by inputting the time series of system performance and 12 variables including 7 drilling parameters, 2 u-pipe parameters, 2 ground parameters and 1 circulating liquid parameter. The training of the model is divided into three subtasks by the strategy of multi-task learning and co-evolution, where CMA-ES is used as the evolutionary algorithm of the subtask. The experimental results show that the RMSE of the predicted results obtained by the proposed algorithm is less than 0.2, which verifies the effectiveness of the method. At the same time, this algorithm fully considers various influencing factors and has good versatility, which can be used as a reference for the design of ground source heat pump system.

Design of A Chemical Heat Pump System to Utilize Wasted Thermal Energy，Applying Porous Structures

Towards the “Sustainable low CO2 emission world”, the research findings have been applied to extend to explore a new type of thermal energy storage system, employing a concept of chemical heat pumps. For this purpose a new original facilities have been designed and fabricated. Whereas many advantages were found in the new systems; e.g., high speed thermal energy absorption and generation, high cycle thermal fatigue failures must be always a critical problem for structural reliability in future.

Modeling and Implementation of a PV-powered DC Water Pump System for Irrigation in Duhok City

The agriculture sector nowadays relies mostly on conventional energy sources and traditional irrigation ways. Considering some factors such as high costs of fossil fuels and providing new power lines, especially to remote locations and where grid electricity is either inaccessible or expensive, a solar PV powered irrigation system can be a practical choice for irrigating crop fields. In this paper, a PV-powered dc water pump system design for irrigation is presented. A comprehensive comparison between Direct Current (DC) and an Alternative Current (AC) motors powered by PV is carried out in terms of power, current, water discharge and cost. Dominant factors of the system such as the effect of solar radiation on motor power, current, and water discharge are considered in this study. The optimum tilt angle for Duhok city is considered to perform this study. The specifications of PV, DC and AC motors are tested in Matlab Simulink to show the performance of the system components. The results show that DC motor is preferred over AC in term of system complexity, cost and power consumption. In contrast, water discharge of AC pump is slightly higher than the DC pump for the same time. However, overall results demonstrate the superiority of DC motor over AC.

A heat energy recovery system from tunnel waste water

Minimising the maintenance costs of water ingress in transportation tunnels is a significant challenge. Decreasing the overall cost of a ground source heat pump system is equally challenging. An effort to address both issues at once has been made in relation to groundwater ingress in the Glasgow Subway system. Inflowing water is a valuable resource which could be channelled through a water source heat pump (WSHP) to produce heat energy for domestic or public use (heating and domestic hot water). Water flow and water temperature have been recorded for a year at 21 different points within the network of the underground tunnels and platforms. The points of highest water influx were identified, and the heat energy content of each has been calculated. Working from these data, several options were identified for capturing the water and diverting it to a WSHP to recover heat. A final design for a pilot system within the tunnels was developed. The findings of this study are expected to contribute a renewable heat solution through a cost-effective heat pump system design.

Simple equations to evaluate the mean fluid temperature of double-U-tube borehole heat exchangers

The design of ground-coupled heat pump systems requires the knowledge of the mean temperature Tfm of the working fluid in borehole heat exchangers. This quantity is usually approximated by the arithmetic mean of inlet and outlet temperature. The approximation yields an overestimation of the thermal resistance of the heat exchanger in thermal response tests, as well as errors in the estimation of the outlet fluid temperature in the dynamic simulation of ground-coupled heat pumps. Recently (Applied Energy 206, 2017, 1406–1415), Zanchini and Jahanbin determined, by finite element simulations, correlations that allow an immediate evaluation of Tfm in any working condition, with reference to double U-tube boreholes with length 100 m and shank spacing 85 mm. In this paper, the analysis presented there is extended to double U-tube boreholes with any length, between 50 and 200 m, and any shank spacing, between 65 and 105 mm. The results hold for every thermal conductivity of the sealing grout between 0.9 and 1.6 W/(m K), every volume flow rate between 12 and 24 L per minute, every diameter of the BHE and every working condition (heating, cooling, thermal response test), both in quasi-stationary and in transient regime.

Investigation on the thermal behavior of energy piles and borehole heat exchangers: A case study

Constant-flux and operation thermal behavior of ground heat exchangers are meaningful for system design and control strategy of ground-coupled heat pump systems. Based on a ground-coupled heat pump project, four thermal performance tests and an operation test were conducted to compare the constant-flux and operation thermal behavior of spiral-tube energy piles with that of double U-tube borehole heat exchangers. The thermal performance of energy piles is more efficient than that of borehole heat exchangers. A large radial scale of heat source, a long heat exchange tube per unit depth of holes and a backfilled material with large thermal conductivity is helpful to improve the heat transfer efficiency of ground heat exchangers. The short-term thermal response of energy piles is more rapid than that of borehole heat exchangers. The short-term thermal resistance of energy piles is much less than that of borehole heat exchangers. In operation test heat transfer rate per unit length of pile and per unit length of pipe for energy piles is greater than those for borehole heat exchangers. The regular fluctuations in fluid temperature and heat transfer rate in operation should be determined by heating capacity of heat pumps and thermal loads of buildings.

Prediction of Layered Thermal Conductivity Using Artificial Neural Network in Order to Have Better Design of Ground Source Heat Pump System

Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) have been widely applied worldwide in recent years because of their high efficiency and environmental friendliness. An accurate estimation of the thermal conductivity of rock and soil layers is important in the design of GSHP systems. The distributed thermal response test (DTRT) method incorporates the standard test with a pair of fiber optic-distributed temperature sensors in the U-tube to accurately calculate the layered thermal conductivity of the rock/soil. In this work, in situ layered thermal conductivity was initially obtained by DTRT for four boreholes in the study region. A series of laboratory tests was also conducted on the rock samples obtained from drilling. Then, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict the layered thermal conductivity on the basis of the DTRT results. The primary modeling factors were water content, density, and porosity. The results showed that the ANN models can predict the layered thermal conductivity with an absolute error of less than 0.1 W/(m·K). Finally, the trained ANN models were used to predict the layered thermal conductivity for another study region, in which only the effective thermal conductivity was measured with the thermal response test (TRT). To verify the accuracy of the prediction, the product of pipe depth and layered thermal conductivity was suggested to represent heat transfer capacity. The results showed that the discrepancies between the TRT and ANN models were 5.43% and 6.37% for two boreholes, respectively. The results prove that the proposed method can be used to determine layered thermal conductivity.

Estimation of soil and grout thermal properties for ground-coupled heat pump systems: Development and application

Ground thermal properties, including the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of both soil and grout, are significant considerations for the design of a ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) system. However, as a result of the limitations inherent in available response models, few in-situ thermal response tests (TRTs) can identify grout thermal conductivity and diffusivity. This paper proposes a new method to estimate the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of both soil and grout simultaneously using the recently developed infinite composite-medium line source (ICMLS) model. Firstly, a linear dependence analysis is performed on the aforementioned four parameters to ensure the feasibility of the proposed method, leading to an estimation of the minimum TRT duration. Secondly, uncertainty analysis is carried out to analyze the influence of U-pipe shank spacing, as it is considered a sensitive parameter in modeling the heat transfer of ground heat exchangers (GHEs). Thirdly, a genetic algorithm is used to identify these four parameters using the data collected from a TRT. The proposed method is verified using a well-designed sandbox experiment. Finally, its application is demonstrated and evaluated by applying it to the design of a GCHP system for an office building at Hunan University.

Development of calculation method of main parameters of vacuum liquid transportation system

The design of a vacuum pumping system based on the principle of the displacement membrane was proposed. This principle does not imply contact of the working metal surfaces with the transported liquid. This article presents a calculation method of the main parameters of the proposed vacuum fluid transportation system. As a result of the calculation, the values of the pumping speed, the dimensions of the displacement membrane, the required chamber height, the pressure drop in the chamber, required to ensure the deflection of the displacement membrane, were obtained. Based on the proposed method, a program for calculation the main parameters of a liquid transfer system based on the mathematical software MathCAD was developed.

Comparison of test methods for shallow layered rock thermal conductivity between in situ distributed thermal response tests and laboratory test based on drilling in northeast China

The development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy have rapidly improved worldwide. The thermal physical parameters of rock and soil layers must be accurately measured to design a ground source heat pump system. The obtained thermal conductivity of rock and soil play a critical role in optimizing heat pump system and cost-saving design. In this study, detailed tests were performed on a borehole in Jixi City, Heilongjiang Province in northeast China. In situ geotechnical comprehensive thermal conductivity and layered rock thermal conductivities were obtained by traditional thermal response test (TRT) and distributed thermal response test (DTRT), respectively. A series of laboratory tests were also conducted on rock samples obtained from drilling and the thermal conductivities were compared with that obtained through DTRT. Changes in groundwater environment, moisture content contribute to the deviation of the laboratory experimental results from the value derived through in situ test. The influence of different factors and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was analyzed to determine the weight value for correcting the thermal conductivity tested in the laboratory. The accuracy of the layered conductivity obtained by DTRT, and laboratory test before and after modification was examined by the numerical model based on TOUGH2-MP code. The heat exchange power was predicted on the basis of thermal conductivity obtained by TRT (2.29 kW), DTRT (2.197 kW) and laboratory test before and after being corrected (1.917 kW and 2.180 kW, respectively). The proposed method was proven to be useful in determining layered rock thermal conductivity.

Groundwater Engineering Computation Methods Based on Forchheimer’s Equation

Darcy was known as a very generous engineer. He is undoubtedly the father of the science of fluid flow in soils for his experiment on the flow of water through a sand column which was published in his book ‘Lesfontainespubliques de lavillede Dijonin 1856, named after him as Darcy’s law. For the practical computation, this equation was developed by Dupuit & Thiem, and then it called Dupuit-Thiem equation. This equation was redeveloped by many researchers in many variations with different parameters especially for radial flow in pumping and recharging systems. Their basic pumping system equations for a confined and unconfined aquifer as well as for full penetration well with a fully perforated casing. In the practical implementation, this condition rarely occurs especially for thick aquifer; therefore many researchers developed a correction for those formulas from full penetration to be partial penetration wells. Partial penetration well is a well which its depth or tip of its casing does not reach an impermeable stratum beneath the aquifer. Despite the correction, those formulas still have difficulty in computing the design of pumping system due to its need for hydraulic gradient data which can only be defined by two real time data of piezometric head before and after pumping related to the horizontal distance of both points. So in this paper will be presented some inventions of computation methods for instance: recharge systems, the drawdown of pumping, pumping on the aquifer, water losses on the lake, permeability test, pumping test analysis and partial penetration well equation.

Predicting Sucker-Rod Pumping Systems With Fourier Series

Summary The Fourier-series method (FSM) is used to solve the prediction problems of sucker-rod pumping systems. With the displacement and load at any point of the rod string, by means of FSM, the displacement and load at any other point of the rod string are obtained. With no need of pump models, FSM easily predicts various pumping conditions that are challenges to the conventional prediction methods. As for prediction, FSM is valuable to the design, selection, installation, and operation of sucker-rod pumping systems. As for diagnostics, the surface cards generated by FSM can be used as characteristic surface cards for diagnosis of the sucker-rod pumping systems in situations when only the surface cards are available. FSM is also a convenient method to generate surface cards for pump-diagnostic emulators in the laboratory environment.

A general distributed parameter model for ground heat exchangers with arbitrary shape and type of heat sources

The heat and mass transfer simulation model of a ground heat exchanger (GHE) directly affects the design and operation performance of a ground-coupled heat pump system. The GHE models based on the response function (like the Green function and g-function) can achieve a fast calculation speed. However, the heat sources in these models are limited to points or whole boreholes, leading to low calculation accuracy in heat transfer during a short time period and limitation to a certain GHE. A general distributed parameter model for a ground heat exchanger (RF model) is proposed based on the principle of response factors in this paper. A sandbox experimental platform is then built to test the temperatures of typical points in the double-layered soil and to validate the RF model. After that, the calculation of the RF model is simplified by determining suitable positions for the soil boundaries and the numbers of sub pipes and sub soil boundaries. Finally, the RF model is applied in different scenarios to demonstrate its characteristics. The results show that: (1) the RF model is suitable for different kinds of GHEs with arbitrary shape and type of heat sources releasing heat in arbitrary time steps; (2) the RF model has only 0.01 °C and 0.23 °C temperature response errors compared to those from numerical solutions and experiments, respectively; (3) the general RF model has similar accuracy to the numerical solution in calculating the distributed temperatures of the borehole and pipes, heat transfer in the short term, and heat transfer of borehole groups and the energy pile.

An hourly simulation method for the energy performance of an office building served by a ground-coupled heat pump system

Abstract Ground heat exchangers are key component of ground-coupled heat pump systems, and their thermal response is therefore very important for ground-coupled heat pump system design and operation. This paper proposes a new hourly simulation method, and uses it to study the performance improvement potential for the ground-coupled heat pump system. First, with an effective U-pipe shank spacing determined by the calculated and measured borehole thermal resistance, a reasonable and accurate fluid temperature prediction method is developed, and the hourly energy performance simulation method is also proposed accordingly with the Fast Fourier Transform superposition algorithm. This hourly simulation method is validated using experimental data collected from a well-designed ground-coupled heat pump experiment platform, which shows that the maximum absolute error for the predicted fluid temperature is smaller than 1.04 °C. Second, using the proposed hourly simulation method, a framework for the energy performance simulation of an office building served by the ground-coupled heat pump system is developed. Impact factors on ground-coupled heat pump system performance are systematically analyzed using this simulation method, and the results show that performance can be improved with shorter operation schedules and lower heat fluxes.

Optimal heat pump integration in industrial processes

Among the options for industrial waste heat recovery and reuse which are currently discussed, heat pumping receives far less attention than other technologies (e.g. organic rankine cycles). This, in particular, can be linked to a lack of comprehensive methods for optimal design of industrial heat pump and refrigeration systems, which must take into account technical insights, mathematical principles and state-of-the-art features. Such methods could serve in a twofold manner: (1) in providing a foundation for analysis of heat pump economic and energetic saving potentials in different industries, and further (2) in giving directions for experimentalists and equipment manufacturers to adapt and develop heat pump equipment to better fit the process needs.This work presents a novel heat pump synthesis method embedded in a computational framework to provide a basis for such analysis. The superstructure-based approach is solved in a decomposition solution strategy based on mathematical programming. Heat pump features are incorporated in a comprehensive way while considering technical limitations and providing a set of solutions to allow expert-based decision making at the final stage.Benchmarking is completed by applying the method on a set of literature cases which yields improved-cost solutions between 5% and 30% compared to those reported previously. An extended version of one case is presented considering fluid selection, heat exchanger network (HEN) cost estimations, and technical constraints. The extended case highlights a trade-off between energy efficiency and system complexity expressed in number of compression stages, gas- and sub-cooling. This is especially evident when comparing the solutions with 3 and 5 compression stages causing an increase of the COP from 2.9 to 3.1 at 3% increase in total annualized costs (TAC).

Optimal design and performance analysis of hydraulic ram pump system

Hydraulic ram pump is an automatic water-pumping equipment generally used to pump drinking and irrigation water in mountainous and rural areas having short of power. In the past, it has been analyzed and optimized by fabricating various prototypes and conducting experiments and comparisons. This process is time and labor consuming and detailed flow features cannot be determined except efficiency, discharge, and period. In this paper, a method for the optimal design and performance analysis of hydraulic ram pump system with numerical simulation and physical experiment is presented to shorten the number of prototypes and develop high-performance product. The proposed evaluation indexes include head loss coefficient, drag coefficient, eccentric distance of pressure, and velocity distribution uniformity. Two types of structures, named front-enlargement and back-enlargement, were initially designed. According to the numerical simulation, the latter one has lower head loss coefficient and drag coefficient, larger eccentric distance of pressure and higher velocity distribution uniformity and was adopted in the novel hydraulic ram pump. Then, the design theory and method on adjustable and high-head experimental platform have been developed, so that the delivery head can be easily controlled and regulated in laboratory. Experiments were carried out for the delivery heads of 2.0 m and 2.7 m and comparisons were conducted with other products. The results show that, when the delivery head is less than 50 m, the efficiency of the new product ranges from 50% to 70% while the delivery flow is the largest. Its application in Liangshui River, Beijing, indicates that the novel hydraulic ram pump is a practical tool in fountain sight and for irrigation purpose without external power input.