Protection Circuit Design Research Articles

Design and Experiment of Electromagnetic Pulse Protection Circuit for RF Front End

Abstract This paper introduces the structure and working principle of electromagnetic pulse protection circuit in VHF frequency band in detail. Based on this, a protection circuit with multilevel filtering and transient suppression function is designed. The filter function of the device is realized through a five-order coaxial filter, while the transient suppression feature is accomplished using TVS devices. In order to guarantee the power capacity, the input and output ports of the circuit use N-type connector. Due to good design, the operating bandwidth of the protection circuit exceeds 1.3GHz and the insertion loss is less than 0.5dB. The protective performance of this device was tested by sub-nanosecond solid-state pulse source. The experimental results show that the peak power of electromagnetic protection circuit is greater than 700kW, the suppression capacity is more than 33dB, and the response time is better than 1.4ns.

87‐1: A Study on the Optimal Design of ESD Protection Circuit in OLED Panel Using Electromagnetic Simulation

In the display industry, in line with the high performance and miniaturization of products, the fine patterning and the increase in integration in the backplane process are becoming very important. It is the Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) issue that is increased importance in such a display panel development environment. Careful ESD management is very important because various types of electrostatic issues arising from the panel production process are directly connected to the decline in product quality and productivity. In this paper, we introduce the case of ESD defects in the ESD diode protection circuit of display panels being developed. The ESD failure caused by plasma ions and external surges during fabrication process was identified, and the charge and current path were verified through static and transient simulation to determine how it affects the actual display OLED panel. In addition, the design of ESD diode protection circuits optimized for ESD to robust layout was proposed. As a result, it was possible to reduce electric‐field, an insulating breakdown factor, by more than 80%.

Analysis of the behavior of TCAD and SPICE diode models in ESD protection circuits

To protect the interfaces of high-speed ICs from ESD, it is necessary to develop and optimize specialized protection circuit designs to minimize parasitic capacitance. The classic widely used designs based on ggMOS and SCR have too large parasitic capacitance, which degrades the parameters of the interface pins of the ICs. It is necessary to develop and optimize other ESD protection designs. One of the possible promising options is optimized diode protection. In this paper, an analysis of the effect of the design of a diode protection on its electrical characteristics is carried out. An analysis of the possibility of modeling protection using SPICE models was also performed and an assessment of the need to use TCAD simulation was carried out. Based on a comparison of the results of SPICE and TCAD simulations, it is shown that widely used SPICE diode models not optimal for designing and optimizing diode ESD protection. For this task, it is necessary to use TCAD simulation, taking into account the self-heating of the structure and the dynamics of the propagation of the thermal front. The results of this work are used for the development of ESD protection for interfaces of high–speed microcontrollers, DACs/ADCs, and transceivers.

On-chip ESD Protection Design Methodologies by CAD Simulation

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can cause malfunction or failure of integrated circuits (ICs) . On-chip ESD protection design is a major IC design-for-reliability (DfR) challenge, particularly for complex chips made in advanced technology nodes. Traditional trial-and-error approaches become unacceptable to practical ESD protection designs for advanced ICs. Full-chip ESD protection circuit design optimization, prediction, and verification become essential to advanced chip designs, which highly depends on CAD algorithm and simulation that has been a constant research topic for decades. This paper reviews recent advances in CAD-enabled on-chip ESD protection circuit simulation design technologies and ESD-IC co-design methodologies. Key challenges of ESD CAD design practices are outlined. Practical ESD protection simulation design examples are discussed.

Research on Optimal Design of Chip ESD Protection Circuit Based on CMOS Technology

A high frequency circuit based on ESD protection and a new type of power grounding clamp circuit are designed. The oblique edge interfinger diode is used to achieve the optimal design of layout and performance. The design of electrostatic discharge protection circuit and flowsheet were completed in Jazz0.18-micron silicon germanium BiCMOS process. The protection voltage of electrostatic discharge is 3000 V. Higher electrostatic protection level can be obtained by changing the bifurcation index of diode. Improved protection of up to 4500 volts can be achieved. Through the test of the chip, it is proved that the chip fully meets the design requirements and can realize various types of digital circuits.

Design of Bi-Directional ESD Protection Circuit With Uni-Directional ESD Device in BCD Technology

Design of Bi-Directional ESD Protection Circuit With Uni-Directional ESD Device in BCD Technology

HEMP Protection of Power Systems in Electromagnetic Shielding Cabinet

High-altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) has a significant impact on power systems. This paper simulates the HEMP coupling for three types of power cables in an electromagnetic shielding cabinet. Besides, this paper proposes the HEMP protection circuit design for 220 V AC and 24 V DC power. In a lightning conduction injection test, the circuit reduces the peak voltage by 12.1 and 14.2 times for AC and DC, respectively. In a pulsed current injection (PCI) test, the circuit reduces the transient peak current to less than 8.2 A for both AC and DC.

Design of reduced-current overcurrent protection circuit based on GBDT model

Abstract To address the problems of slow response and insufficient protection sensitivity of existing overcurrent protection techniques, this paper verifies the feasibility of the design of reduced-current overcurrent protection circuits by using the GBDT model. Firstly, the regression tree is used as a circuit learner for iteration, and the CART algorithm is applied to calculate circuit splitting characteristics and optimal splitting points to obtain the gain of splitting. Then the line loss rate is calculated using the differential evolution method to derive the objective function of the minimized line and the optimal value of the circuit. Finally, the mean value is extracted by calculating the optimal line’s statistical characteristics, the regression tree nodes are calculated using the GBDT model, and the root means the square error is used to verify the effectiveness of the circuit protection design proposed in this paper. The experimental results show that the overcurrent protection value of the circuit sample is around 1.35A and the current limit protection time is around 13ms by verifying the current reduction protection function and indication function of the circuit in the full temperature range. This shows that the GBDT model enables the reduced-current overcurrent protection circuit to perform timely and accurate overcurrent detection actions, and the circuit can be reliably protected under different overcurrent conditions.

The protection design method of the engine control system under electromagnetic pulses.

This study assessed the survivability of an engine control system under intense electromagnetic pulses. It investigated the electromagnetic sensitivity of the system under the action of intense electromagnetic pulses. In this work, the evaluation focuses on the terminal circuit of the control system. It proposes a co-design method for electromagnetic pulse protection circuits on a printed circuit board. The electromagnetic interference mechanism and phenomena were analyzed through simulation and experiments. The electromagnetic susceptibility of the control system was tested using the bulk current injection test method, and the pulse coupling signal of the sensitive part was obtained. Subsequently, the terminal circuit was analyzed using a numerical calculation method. The pulse coupling signal was injected into the terminal circuit. Thus, we can determine why the control system exhibits sensitive phenomena. Then, a protection circuit of the terminal circuit was established. The design method's advantage is accurately locating the circuit's sensitive points and reducing the controller circuit's electromagnetic sensitivity by designing the circuit without drastically changing the original circuit. At the same time, the redundancy of protection circuit design can be effectively reduced.

An Improved Protection Circuit Design for Fast Detection of Short-Circuit in IPM

Short-circuit protection plays a vital role in ensuring the overall reliability of intelligent power module (IPM), where the shorter the duration of a short-circuit fault, the smaller its impact on the module. The conventional <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CE</sub> desaturation detection circuit suffers from a blanking time problem. This paper aims to solve this problem by improving the IPM short-circuit fast detection and protection circuit with integrated shunts in order to achieve ultra-fast detection and protection of the IPM short-circuit faults. First, the types of IPM short-circuit faults and the experimental principle of a short-circuit are introduced in this paper. Second, the overcurrent fault protection of the improved circuit with the shunts integrated at different positions in the IPM power unit is analyzed and verified using the PSPICE simulations. Third, a selection method for the component parameters of a compensation link of the improved circuit is proposed, and the functions for the remaining parts in the circuit are introduced. Last, it is verified through experiments that the improved circuit can quickly detect various short-circuit faults, and initiate the corresponding shutting down of the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) at 490 ns. Compared with the conventional <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CE</sub> desaturation detection method, the detection time of the proposed method and the associated short-circuit loss for modules under different short-circuit faults are significantly reduced.

Design of short-circuit protection circuit for switching power supply

Short-circuit protection circuit for switching power supply is designed. The circuit is for sampling and protection based on capacitance ripple characteristics. It has the advantages of rapid fault protection adjustable trigger time and recovery time. It shows that the circuit scheme has a good protective effect on the power converter in various load environments, and it has reached desired effect, according to the simulation results and the circuit application results.

The Fast Overvoltage Protection Consideration and Design for SiC-Based Matrix Converters

AbstractMatrix converters feature low switching loss, small electromagnetic interference filter, and potential for achieving high power density. With the employment of wide-bandgap devices, such as silicon carbide devices, the converter performance can be further improved. For a safe operation of matrix converters, an overvoltage protection circuit is necessary to limit the voltage stress of the devices during fault conditions. Due to the high switching speed of silicon carbide devices, the topology and layout design of the overvoltage protection circuit is critical to ensure fast and robust protection for the devices. In this paper, a detachable overvoltage protection circuit was designed for each phase-leg of the matrix converter. The topology and hardware layout design are elaborated. A 15 kW full silicon-carbide implemented matrix converter was built and the designed overvoltage protection circuits were employed and tested.

Digital Protection System of the Engine-Generator Based Microcontroller AT89C51

This paper describes the design and implementation of the engine-generator protection circuit based microcontroller AT89C51, which is very popular and is used in a huge number of applications in professional systems and amateur projects. This digital electronic circuit shows further possibilities of improvements, and is employed as a device to protect the engine-generator from the fault type that may occur during operation of the generator such as over heat; oil alert; over speed; and over voltage that will damage the engine and exciter of the generator. It is also used to protect all devices that are connected to the generator. The engine–generator protection can be done by gathering data from the sensors attached to the microcontroller and some other electronic circuits.

Design and test results of a novel quench protection circuit for a HTS ship propulsion motor

This paper describes a novel configuration of a quench protection circuit for a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) ship propulsion motor that can protect the HTS coils from an unexpected outage in its cryogenic cooling system. The quench protection circuit consists of conductor parts placed adjacent to the HTS coils and dump resistors and diodes placed in the cryogenic-temperature and normal-temperature areas, respectively. The conductor parts are shaped and arranged such that the magnetic coupling with the HTS coil is extremely large. Thereby, the current of the HTS coils can be instantaneously attenuated immediately after the quench protection is activated. With this configuration, the electromagnetic energy of the HTS coils can be absorbed in the dispersed parts. This can make the dump resistors smaller and make it easier to install them on a HTS ship propulsion motor. By analysing the equivalent electric circuit model of the protection circuit, we derived the conditions under which instantaneous current attenuation of the HTS coil occurs. In accordance with the conditions, we have fabricated a quench protection circuit that protects one HTS field pole of the 3 MW HTS motor developed by Kawasaki Heavy Industries. The fabricated circuit was empirically evaluated and proved to be highly effective in quench protection. The present quench protection circuit technology contributes to the practical application of HTS ship propulsion motors.

Research on Structure Design of New Energy Photovoltaic Inverter

With the increase of energy demand, primary energy is drying up. In order to achieve sustainable development, renewable energy and new energy research is imperative.The research and development of solar photovoltaic inverter can supplement and improve the existing energy structure, which has long-term practical significance.In this paper, the structure design of solar photovoltaic inverter power supply is studied. The power supply adopts lead-acid battery energy storage and full bridge inverter structure. At the same time, the paper studies the design of power supply protection circuit to realize battery reverse connection protection and MOSFET overvoltage protection.

A Design of Whole-chip ESD Protection Circuit with SCR-based I/O and LIGBT-based Power Clamp

A Design of Whole-chip ESD Protection Circuit with SCR-based I/O and LIGBT-based Power Clamp

Research and Design of Three-Phase Inconsistent Protection Circuit for Circuit Breaker Based on Chip Technology

The typical configuration of inconsistent protection of circuit breaker is that the auxiliary switch of circuit breaker is connected in series and parallel with start-up time relay, and the outlet relay is tripped by delay start-up. In order to improve the reliability of circuit breaker, this paper presents a new design idea of inconsistent protection of circuit breaker based on chip technology, and presents a phased digitized site designed with circuit breaker mechanism as a whole. The overall architecture scheme mainly consists of module and general control module. The phase-separated digitized local module realizes on-site acquisition of circuit breaker position and optical fiber transmission. The main control module realizes ontology inconsistent logic operation, exit and communication with spacer layer. The design scheme uses chip processing instead of traditional relay and optical fiber transmission instead of traditional cable, effectively avoiding relay and circuit differences. The misoperation often caused can greatly improve the reliability of inconsistent protection of circuit breaker.

Design and Research of under-Voltage Protection Circuit for Motor Driver Chip Based on Special Integrated Chip

Intelligent power integrated circuit chips play an increasingly important role in industrial automation, domestic medical appliances, automotive electronics, especially in modern military, aerospace and other fields. Based on the analysis of the current front-end verification problem of digital application specific integrated chip, the composition and working principle of motor drive chip, the design and composition technology of undervoltage protection function module and the perfect protection circuit not only ensure that the chip can work normally under some harsh conditions, but also play a vital role in the safety of the whole system sometimes. After the motor chip is verified by the flow sheet, packaging, testing and test result analysis are carried out to further predict and adjust the function and reliability of the motor chip. On the basis of analyzing the current front-end verification problem of digital application specific integrated chip, the circuit structure is simple, no additional bandgap reference circuit is needed, and the voltage comparator circuit is also omitted.

Design and Development of Driver Protection Circuit of Self Turn off Devices Applies to Electric Vehicle Fast-Change Mode

In this paper, based on the design of the chip UAA4002 one for electric vehicle fast charge mode of self-turn-off device driver protection circuitry to power transistor, for example, study design optocoupler isolation circuit, control circuit, anti-saturation circuit, composite buffer circuit, Further integration of the formation of self-turn-off device drivers, isolation, protection circuit, which has a simple circuit structure, function, high reliability, low switching losses, fast response.

ESD protection circuit for V-band RF applications in a 65nm CMOS technology

To apply radio frequency circuits, nanoscale CMOS technologies are greatly used but this consequence to a thinner gate oxide and silicided drain/source. With this, the electrostatic discharge (ESD) robustness of RF circuits will be much more degraded. Therefore, there is a need for an ESD protection circuit design in RF circuits against ESD damages. In this paper, the proposed ESD protection circuit is presented with concept based silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) device, two diodes, PMOS transistor and an inductor to efficiently provide protection for radio-frequency (RF) circuits from ESD damages in nanoscale CMOS process. The concept based SCR device is aided with an inductor to provide efficient ESD path discharge to the SCR device. Moreover, the inductor is used to resonate out the parasitic capacitance generated by the ESD protection circuit at the preferred frequency. In addition, the proposed ESD protection circuit is implemented to a low noise amplifier (LNA) at 60-GHz frequency within an efficient area. Furthermore, the ESD protection circuit is simulated to achieve over 2-kV human body model ESD robustness with good RF performances on LNA in 65-nm CMOS technology.