Product Design Process Research Articles

Eksploatacija TRIZ efekta na veštine razmišljanja studenata inženjeringa u dizajnu proizvoda

Product design is a creative and multidisciplinary activity that often necessitates the application of analytical and innovative support tools to enhance the concept research phase and solutions development. The TRIZ theory, a highly effective innovation method, has demonstrated its efficacy in supporting innovation across various fields. In this context, our focus has been on integrating TRIZ into the product design process involving engineering designers. This article provides a descriptive and critically assessed evaluation of the operational impact of TRIZ on the design activity, specifically in the development of a "Wastewater Screening and Filtration System" during the preliminary design phases. The objective of this research is to assess the influence of TRIZ utilization on the engineering designers' ability to address a design problem. The ultimate goal is to establish an innovative design support approach based on the use of TRIZ tools that is easily comprehensible and applicable to future designers. Within this article, we present both quantitative and qualitative results of the exploitation of TRIZ tools combined with an energy analysis of the requirement in the product design field.

Design of cost-effective and highly efficient systems for protonic ceramic fuel cells based on techno-economic analysis

Theoretically, protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) are considered to achieve higher energy conversion efficiencies than conventional solid oxide fuel cells. However, doped barium-based perovskite oxide, a typical electrolyte material, has a significant leakage current derived from hole conduction. Therefore, it is still unclear whether the actual performance of whole PCFC systems can reach the expected high efficiency. In this study, two strategies to suppress the leakage current, namely, low-temperature operation and a bilayer electrolyte cell using a high-ion and low-hole conductor, were discussed. The effects of these approaches on production costs and system efficiency were investigated from an economic perspective for social implementation. Moreover, the following technological options were discussed to comprehensively investigate the effects of cell, manufacturing process, and system designs on the system efficiencies and system costs; (1) cell design: examining a high-performance electrode; (2) module production process design: examining the annual production rate, co-sintering of electrode and electrolyte layers, and fabrication of an electrolyte layer with vapor-phase deposition; and (3) system design: examining a methane-fueled system, a multi-stage PCFC operation, a membrane for hydrogen separation, and lower oxygen utilization. Here, we focused on a residential 5 kW alternating current (AC) class system. Consequently, system efficiency and module production cost were calculated as 57 % based on the lower heating value (LHV) in a direct current (DC) and 4,650 USD/system adopting a monolayer electrolyte cell using BaZr0.8Y0.2O3-δ (BZY20) at 600 °C, assuming hydrogen as fuel under the annual production rate of 50 k/year. However, it was suggested that the system efficiency could be improved to 63 % in case of a lower temperature operation at 550 °C and 69 % adopting a bilayer electrolyte cell at 600 °C. Furthermore, technological options resulted in a system efficiency of 71 % and a production cost of 4,480 USD/system in the case of the bilayer cell, assuming a high-performance cathode when fabricated using the co-sintering method. Finally, the electricity cost was calculated to investigate the system lifetime and fuel cost requirements to achieve the present baseload electricity cost. From an economic and performance perspectives, this study could contribute to the widespread use of PCFC devices by exploring new technological options.

Intelligent Design and Application of Traditional Cultural and Creative Products Based on Digital Art Elements

Abstract Cultural and creative industry is one of the main fields of digital art element design, and this paper utilizes digital art design for visualization programming of cultural and creative works. Through the three elements of 3D model, registration method and animation composition, the intelligent design process of AR cultural and creative products is defined, and the editing process of AR cultural and creative products is sorted out on this basis. Construct the model of cultural and creative products containing digital art elements, solve the problem of inconsistency between the coordinates and the model network appearing in the modeling, and then carry out the back-end design processing for AR cultural and creative products editing, which constitutes the whole back-end module through real-time methods and multiple trigger events. Through the method of empirical analysis, the feasibility of adding digital art elements to cultural and creative products, the consumers’ willingness to purchase cultural and creative products, and the innovation performance of cultural and creative products are analyzed. In the test of the moderating effect of the intelligent design of digital art elements on the cultural and creative products, the performance of the cultural and creative products improves synchronously with the embedding of the digital art elements, and the mean value finally stays at 0.375, and all the straight lines are above zero.

Design for circularity in manufacturing industries–operationalisation and decision support

Achieving a more circular economy can be an important contributor to sustainable development. The successful implementation at the industrial level requires the development of circular products, services and business models. This paper addresses the compelling need for industrial product development to consider the entire life cycle of products from raw material extraction to the end of life to initiate and evaluate circular economy improvements such as lifetime extension or high-quality recycling. The actual implementation of circular economy in industrial product design processes hasn't yet been extensively researched. This paper operationalises a comprehensive design for circularity by conceptualising a decision support method for the industrial product development process based on literature analysis, decision matrix methodology, and expert evaluation. Results highlight the interplay of circular business models, ecodesign approaches, and product life cycle intensities and shape the basis for technical circular design principles and metrics as well as advanced implementation-oriented research in the field.

Design of cultural and creative experience products in scenic spots based on CORE model

Abstract Under the background of “cultural and tourism integration”, scenic cultural and creative experience products are an important means to enhance the communication power of scenic spots and generate income. In this paper, the CORE model is used as the design concept, and the CORE design process for scenic cultural and creative products is constructed. The plain Bayesian classification algorithm is used to extract review feedback from the product, and the vectorization of the extracted reviews is achieved using the FastText model. The vectorized reviews are input into the logistic regression classification model to obtain sentiment classification results. A fused sentiment feature vector is constructed by combining Apirior and a sentiment dictionary aimed at separating sentiment vector classification. Finally, the experience effect of cultural and creative products is explored as an example of X scenic spot, and the optimization strategy of product design is explored. The attribute feature of X Scenic Spot’s cultural and creative experience product, “color” embraces four emotional attributes, and the corresponding adaptations are 4.77, 5.42, 5.40, and 5.38, respectively. The SDs of the emotional attributes of the existing product are The SDs of the emotional attributes of the existing products are 1.141, 1.025, and 0.184, respectively, and the differences between the product descriptions and the users’ opinions on the perceptual attributes are large, which provides the evaluation correlation in the CORE model. Under the guidance of the CORE model, four aspects of cultural and creative marketing, scenic area IP, consumer needs and product experience dimensions are proposed.

Calculation of Wear of Metallic Surfaces Using Material’s Fatigue Model and 3D Texture Parameters

Today, when it comes to manufacturing parts and components for various mechanisms, the tendency is to use both approaches – the latest technologies and new material combinations- to achieve a longer product's lifetime. That is why the issue of machine parts' working capacity criteria, one of the most important of which is wear and its prediction, remains vitally important. Having studied the prediction theories of the wear process that have been developed over time, one can state that each has shortcomings that might strongly impair the results, thus making unnecessary theoretical calculations. Also, predicting wear based on lengthy, time-consuming, costly experiments is still prevalent. The article discusses a new wear calculation model, which is based on the application of theories from several branches of science. This model considers the surface texture (3D) parameters' values in modelling the surface's micro-topography with the random field theory while the friction surfaces' destruction – with the fatigue theory. The new wear calculation model is synthesised based on a developed friction surface contact model, providing a more complete surface description, which is essential for wear calculation and gives more accurate results. The proposed new wear calculation formula includes parameters that can be easily determined using modern measurement methods, thus speeding up the product design process and significantly contributing to sustainable development. Experimental studies on the steel-bronze sliding friction pair validated the analytical wear calculations' results.

Microfluidic development and biological evaluation of targeted therapy-loaded biomimetic nano system to improve the metastatic melanoma treatment

Optimizing current therapies is among next steps in metastatic melanoma (MM) treatment landscape. The innovation of this study is the design of production process by microfluidics of cell membrane (CM)-modified nanoparticles (NPs), as an emerging biomimetic platform that allows for reduced immune clearance, long blood circulation time and improved specific tumor targeting. To achieve melanoma selectivity, direct membrane fusion between synthetic liposomes and CMs extracted from MM cell line was performed by microfluidic sonication approach, then the hybrid liposomes were loaded with cobimetinib (Cob) or lenvatinib (Lenva) targeting agents and challenged against MM cell lines and liver cancer cell line to evaluate homotypic targeting and antitumor efficacy. Characterization studies demonstrated the effective fusion of CM with liposome and the high encapsulation efficiency of both drugs, showing the proficiency of microfluidic-based production. By studying the targeting of melanoma cells by hybrid liposomes versus liposomes, we found that both NPs entered cells through endocytosis, whereas the former showed higher selectivity for MM cells from which CM was extracted, with 8-fold higher cellular uptake than liposomes. Hybrid liposome formulation of Cob and Lenva reduced melanoma cells viability to a greater extent than liposomes and free drug and, notably, showed negligible toxicity as demonstrated by bona fide haemolysis test. The CM-modified NPs presented here have the potential to broaden the choice of therapeutic options in MM treatment.

Research on the Design of Sanxingdui Cultural and Creative Products Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology

The research aims to explore the design of cultural and creative products related to the Sanxingdui culture from the perspective of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. This study considers the significance of integrating AI technology into the design process of cultural and creative products, with a focus on the Sanxingdui culture. By examining existing cases of cultural and creative products, the research identifies principles and methods for designing AI-based products that reflect the essence and uniqueness of the Sanxingdui culture. The findings of this study can contribute to the development of innovative and interactive cultural and creative products that bridge the gap between traditional culture and modern technology.

Quality improvement of food products using taguchi method: a study in a bread product SME

Quality is one of the most crucial factors for manufactured products. Good product quality will increase customer loyalty and hence, higher profit for the company. SR company is a local Small Medium Enterprise (SME) in Bandung that produces bread products. Among various kinds of bread, Kadet is the main product with an average production of approximately 1000 pcs per day. In addition, Kadet bread has numerous defective products with an average of 3%-5% per 1000 pcs. Moreover, Kadet is a product baked at high temperatures, and hence, the timing of the production staff is crucial to prevent defectiveness. In this work, we use the Taguchi method to obtain factors that produce defectiveness and the combination of the optimal production factors. Furthermore, using the Analysis of Variance, the results show the optimal process design for minimum defective Kadet bread products as the process evaluation for better product quality.

DISEÑO DE MOBILIARIO INFANTIL MODULAR INTELIGENTE

Nowadays, the digitisation of products occupies a very significant space in the product market, as incorporating new functionalities means satisfying new needs for users. Likewise, there is a debate between the programmed obsolescence of products that use technology within their useful life. This work aims to connect the benefits provided by technology within products by projecting a proposal that has a longer useful life thanks to the adaptation of the product to the user. It deals with the design of children's furniture, an intelligent cot, which adjusts to the needs of the first stage of life by including sensors and components that improve the baby's rest, and which, in turn, incorporates modularity in its design to be able to adapt to the following stages of the child's life up to the age of 12. The proposed methodology incorporates a series of methods and techniques that provide a 5-phase structure that includes a group of experts who work transversally in the product design process to strengthen decision-making and prioritisation of the needs raised. Several alternatives are developed and, thanks to the evaluation based on the needs extracted at the beginning of the process together with the design requirements, the one that best satisfies both areas is chosen. Key Words: Product design, Modularity, Children's furniture, Adaptable design, Smart Childcare

Advanced Integrated Circuit Manufacturing Technology Process Industry Development

Integrated circuits are circuits with specific functions that are integrated together by semiconductor processes and are a new type of semiconductor device developed in the late 1950s through the 1960s. Integrated circuits are the foundation of information development and the benchmark for high quality development of national economy. This paper introduces the concept of integrated circuits as well as the integrated circuit process, and the application areas of integrated circuits, which account for an expanding and growing share of information, communication, consumer electronics, automotive electronics, medical electronics and other consumer areas. It discusses China's future IC process development path by combining the IC production process and design process, industrial development, design process and preparation limitations, and proposes relevant suggestions and strategies by speculating on the future development of the process.

Parametric design, life cycle assessment, and optimization of a discrete product with application to an electric traction motor

Humans are surrounded and even dependent on discrete products for their daily activities. Product design processes have been vastly studied towards a healthy economic prosperity and other technical objectives (e.g., low risk). However, recent studies show that these methods have been lacking in terms of the environmental challenges humanity faces in the present and future. This study proposes a novel design framework that incorporates a parametric life cycle assessment (PLCA) as part of the optimization-based design model of a discrete product at early stage. Electric traction motor design applied to an electric vehicle is used as a case study. The results of performing a multi-objective design problem and an uncertainty analysis using Monte Carlo simulation show the usefulness of incorporating the PLCA in a transparent manner, as required by the International Standards Organization. Future work suggests investigating the expansion of this technique to support a broader range of objective functions.

Research on Design Concept and Cultural Inheritance System of Tourism Cultural and Creative Products in the Context of Deep Learning

Abstract In this paper, the design process of cultural and creative product design is first constructed in the context of deep learning and the categories of cultural idea factors are planned. The training of the network for the image extraction classification task is accelerated due to the deep learning model’s fitting ability. Secondly, the 3D virtual intelligence algorithm is applied to use the point cloud as the basis for reconstruction in order to generate a highly reproducible object surface model. Finally, the K-means algorithm is employed to obtain the final extracted color, which constitutes the technical foundation of the product design system. The final results show that the color matching degree reaches 8.91, while the image design level reaches 9.24, which illustrates the effectiveness of the tourism cultural and creative product design system under deep learning.

A circularity engineering focused empirical status quo analysis of automotive remanufacturing processes

Research on circular economy is mainly based on assumptions and secondary data. This lack of empiricism is also reflected in the theory of circular process design and design for remanufacturing. In this work engineering data on seven remanufacturing processes in the European automotive remanufacturing industry is systematically empirically collected and analyzed for the first time. The findings include manufacturing technology, the number of process steps, functions, machinery, retooling, customization, flexibility, automation, digitalization, and integration of every generic remanufacturing process step, as well as their work intensity. The in-depth empirical process data presented proves useful for the systematic identification of circularity engineering challenges, potentials, and solutions including design for remanufacturing. Larger datasets on value-retention processes can pave the way toward empirically backed-up methods for circular product design, process design, and material selection in the future.

A physics-informed knowledge distillation model with spatial–temporal attention for energy consumption pre-assessment in sustainable additive manufacturing

To achieve sustainable additive manufacturing (AM), a novel data-driven model termed, physics-informed knowledge distillation (PKD), is proposed to accurately pre-assess the energy consumption at the product design stage. The energy consumption pre-assessment modeling is first constructed in light of the operating characteristics of AM technology. The modeling analysis indicates that physics data plays a pivotal role in determining energy consumption, while current data-driven approaches did not take full advantage of it. Hence, we design a physics-informed architecture with spatial–temporal attention in our PKD to jointly integrate the geometric and physical information from the product design process. Different from classical knowledge distillation, our teacher network and student network utilize an asymmetric physics-informed architecture respectively, encouraging the student to span the knowledge gap over its teacher. A knowledge distillation framework is further devised to enable our PKD to reduce computational costs while retaining pre-assessment performance. Extensive experimental findings show our PKD yields Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Error Ratio (MER), and Total Error Rate (TER) as low as 300.16, 5.93%, 1.76%, respectively. It demonstrates that the proposed PKD outperforms state-of-the-art energy consumption pre-assessment methods. The well-distilled PKD is capable of providing referenced energy consumption value for designers and manufacturers to make decisions and manage energy for achieving sustainable additive manufacturing.

Research on the Discrepancy and blending of Lacquer Ceramic Art

The rich historical use of lacquer in China and the enduring tradition of Oriental pottery have laid the foundation for preserving traditional handicrafts. This research seeks to uncover the cultural significance of lacquer items and innovative pottery, delving into their artistic elements to preserve their cultural essence. By examining the interaction between lacquer and pottery within an artistic framework and exploring the expert fusion of lacquer craftsmanship, this study provides valuable insights to foster the contemporary growth of traditional craft design. The research findings demonstrate that a precise integration of design elements inspired by the aesthetic qualities of lacquer artifacts into lacquer products effectively conveys cultural heritage in the present era. The design process for creative products evolves through the innovative amalgamation of lacquer and ceramic techniques, resulting in the creation of unique lacquer and ceramic pieces. The primary goal of this study is to inspire emerging designers to contribute to the ongoing innovative development of lacquer pottery products.

Reducing carbon emissions in cement production through solarization of the calcination process and thermochemical energy storage

The conceptual design of a novel cement production process has been developed during the SolCement research project. Fossil fuels used for limestone calcination are replaced by concentrated solar energy. Also, a Thermochemical energy Storage Reactor - TSR is used for transferring energy between daytime and nighttime operation. Additionally, the process enables energy recovery from waste gases and integration with carbon capture systems by isolating the rich carbon dioxide stream produced by the decomposition of limestone. A computational study simulates and compares a conventional with two different versions of the SolCement process (with and without the TSR). Simulations show that the use of a solar calciner operated at 1000 °C increases energy savings, while shifting the production capacity towards daytime improves the overall performance. The proposed scheme can lead to a 33 % reduction in fossil fuel consumption, but only a 9 % reduction in overall emissions, corresponding to 493 kg CO2/tonne clinker, since most of the carbon dioxide is produced due to limestone calcination. However, with storage and further utilization of the CO2 rich gaseous outlet stream, the predicted reduction of emissions may reach 82 %. The TSR provides 22 % of the energy required for preheating during the night operation, while simple Rankine cycles can recover from the otherwise rejected hot gas streams, 49 % and 40 % of the electrical energy required for compressing the produced carbon dioxide during daytime and nighttime operation, respectively. This results in 33 kg CO2-eq per tonne of clinker less, or an additional 0.6 % emissions reduction.

Model Making as a Creative Skill and Tool for Teaching-Learning Process in Architecture and Product Design

Model Making as a Creative Skill and Tool for Teaching-Learning Process in Architecture and Product Design

How ready is the wind energy industry for the circular economy?

Despite the strong contribution of wind energy for decarbonisation, the readiness of the wind industry for the transition to a sustainable circular economy (CE) is still unclear. To support CE innovation in the wind industry, this paper assesses the circularity readiness of six business units from three global manufacturers of wind turbine components (Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy - gearboxes and blades, INGETEAM - generators and power converters, and HINE - hydraulic units and cooling systems). The readiness assessment was carried out in a workshop setting following the ready2LOOP methodology, covering eight business dimensions: i) Organisation; ii) Strategy and Business Model Innovation; iii) Product and Service Innovation; iv) Manufacturing and Value Chain; v) Technology and Data; vi) Use, Support and Maintenance; vii) Takeback and End-of-Life Management; and viii) Policy and Market. Subsequently, the circularity readiness profile of each business unit was analysed in relation to internal and external benchmarking (between business units and across machinery manufacturing companies, respectively). On the basis of the readiness assessment, six areas were prioritised for CE innovation within the wind industry, namely: (1) implementing circular criteria and indicators in product design and public tender processes; (2) ensuring components´ tracking and monitoring over their life cycle; (3) implementing efficient reverse logistics; (4) exploring alternative business model concepts; (5) improving recycling technologies for higher material quality outcomes; and (6) develop circular wind hubs for information and data sharing. The findings provide guidance for renewable energy policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders in pursuing the sustainable energy transition, through enhanced circularity performance.

FLOWABILITY PROPERTIES OF BINARY POWDER MIXTURES CONTAINING DATES POWDER (PHEONIX DACTYLIFERA) MIXED WITH LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE AND MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE BASED EXCIPIENTS

Powder flow is important in powder processing industries to obtain a quality by design product and efficient manufacturing process. Poor powder flowability can cause problems especially during high speed tableting and capsule filling processes. In this study, dates powder (DP), lactose monohydrate powder, and two types of microcrystalline-based powder excipients evaluated for their flow properties as a binary mixture. Angle of repose (AoR), Hausner ratio (HR) and Carr index (CI) were used to characterize the extent of the powder cohesion. The results show that generally, as particle size increases, values of AoR generally decreases, depicting lower flowability characteristics with decreasing binary mixture particle size. However, HR and CI flowability indicators give contrasting flowability characteristics for the binary mixture containing lactose monohydrate and dates powder.