Design Of Portable Device Research Articles

Analysis of BPM and Temperature Data Retrieval in Smartband Design with Android Applications Using the Multiplexing Method

Monitoring and recording of patient medical records is very necessary if there are symptoms of a disease that must be taken quickly so that the patient's condition does not worsen and find out how the pattern of a disease attacks the body's condition, this is so that the patient's history data can be checked by a doctor to make it easier and improve the accuracy of the doctor's diagnosis. In its application, the use of two sensors for smartband requires the use of a multiplexer method so that the data does not collide with each other because of the similarity of the two sensor systems. In this study, the Wemos D1 Mini microcontroller was used to process BPM and temperature data, as well as to process the time of using the multiplexer of the two sensors, then the BPM and temperature values ​​were displayed on the OLED screen. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the smartband has an error (error value) which is still within the allowable tolerance limit of ±5%. This study has the advantage of a portable device design and is very suitable for daily use to monitor the patient's condition, so that patients are not disturbed by the presence of this smartband. This research has a development that is the use of a larger battery so that its use can last longer, then the use of a temperature sensor that has a medical grade standard.

Extracting Spatial Muscle Activation Patterns in Facial and Neck Muscles for Silent Speech Recognition Using High-Density sEMG

Human is capable of producing versatile and precise speech owing to the complex neuromuscular systems that control the movement of facial and neck muscle groups. Silent speech recognition based on surface electromyography (sEMG) has been widely researched, which enables speech communication in the absence of an audible acoustic signal. However, the differences in the activities of facial and neck muscle groups under different phoneme pronunciation conditions have not been well investigated. The present work aims to quantify the macroscopic spatial patterns of the muscle activations at the phoneme level during the movement of facial and neck speech articulator muscle groups (SAMGs) using 320-channel high-density (HD) electrode arrays. 10 subjects performed 14 vowel speech tasks and 15 consonant speech tasks in audible speech and silent speech modes, respectively. Specifically, the root-mean-square heat maps of sEMG signals were used to characterize the SAMGs activation patterns. The results show that the muscle activation regions are overlapped under different phoneme pronunciation conditions and symmetric between the left and right sides of face and neck with the average correlation coefficient > 0.9. In addition, the best result can achieve a classification accuracy of 85.78% for consonant and 79.42% for vowel in silent speech mode. The overall results can provide a reference to the hardware or electrode design of portable device for practical use in future work.

Low-Cost Portable Device Design for Preventive Maintenance of Rotating Systems

In the present work, the technological development of a low-cost acquisition device is proposed that allows the simultaneous measurement of vibration amplitude in acceleration and the temperature variable, and that through Bluetooth communication, the parameters are acquired by a cellphone. The data stored in the mobile device will be used for the development and/or improvement of predictive maintenance plans in medium and small companies, whose internal budget does not allow the acquisition of specialized vibration equipment. Finally, the developed App makes it easier for maintenance personnel with minimal knowledge of vibration analysis and thermography to acquire and analyze data insitu and/or offline, using 2D graphing

Using molecular marking in security holograms

Subject of study. The capabilities of the technologies for marking products and security holograms based on the analysis of the spectral properties of molecular structures introduced to the holograms are considered in combination with the adoption of quantum dots and magnetic microparticles (MPs). The primary focus is on the issues of the analysis of the Raman spectra of molecules excited by plasmonic-resonant electromagnetic fields. Method. Modern technologies for hologram security are based on the use of various protective optical effects concealed from visual observation. These effects reveal themselves only under the relevant illumination of holograms when specialized optical equipment is employed. Unique methods for marking and identification of holograms using the magneto-optical, fluorescent, and spectral properties of the emission of MPs and molecular structures with sizes ranging from tens of nanometers to tens of micrometers, which are excited by localized electromagnetic fields, are considered. The plasmonic-resonant methods for the excitation of marking molecular labels introduced into the hologram structures are the most relevant, together with the arising spectra of surface-enhanced Raman scattering that are used for the identification and authenticity verification of the holograms. Main results. The use of plasmonic-resonant methods for concentrating electromagnetic fields for the excitation of marking molecular labels was demonstrated to be able to ensure the amplification of their Raman emission by several orders of magnitude, which results in the significant enhancement of recognizability and identification of security holograms. Practical significance. The technologies for hologram protection proposed in this work are based on the combination of different types of markings such as hidden holographic images, magneto-optical and fluorescent images of MPs, and Raman spectra of molecular structures that are enhanced by plasmonic-resonant methods. These technologies significantly increase the reliability, security, and authenticity of the marking and its identification. The results of this study will help in forming the basic technical requirements for design of portable devices for the identification of security hologram markings.

Automatic stimuli classification from ERP data for augmented communication via Brain–Computer Interfaces

This work presents a supervised machine-learning approach to build an expert system that provides support to the neuroscientist in automatically classifying ERP data and matching them with a multisensorial alphabet of stimuli. To do this, two different approaches are considered: a hierarchical tree-based algorithm, XGBoost, and feedfoward neural networks, highlighting the pros and cons of both approaches in the different steps of the classification task. Moreover, the sensitivity of the classification capabilities of the tool as a function of the number of available electrodes is also studied, highlighting what can be achieved by applying the method using commercial, wearable EEG systems. The main novelty of this work consists in significantly enlarging the pool of stimuli that the expert system can recognize and comprising different, possibly mixed, sensorial domains. The obtained results open the way to the design of portable devices for augmented communication systems, which can be of particular interest for the development of advanced Brain–Computer Interfaces (BCI) for communication with different types of neurologically impaired patients.

RETRACTED: Smart community management portable device design based on embedded wearable device technology

A broad definition Embedded Wearable Device Technology (EWDT) communication unites people around a common cause, interest, or smart community. The most basic kind is based on actual intimacy people in area, or older neighbors are essential to a wearable device relevant to the community's location. The natural part of the network with others around you and the Embedded Wearable Device Technology (EWDT) machine suing in the traditional economic system is continuously evolving. The risk is trapped in the state space model. The function of the expansion focus is to avoid the error money-related arrangement, primitive liquidity traps. Many business analysts avoid focusing on positive inflammation, even when the risk is low. The proof that the existence of an inflation trap has a slightly but beneficial effect on the presence of an inflation buffer. The assessment of the unfortunate work of the Bank sector is the descending, inclining capacity of the expansion target. Finally, these analytical features of the expansion target were verified by numerical methods. The embedded system changes because of the monetary trap. The private sector should Liquidity consider for real expansion goals.

Internet of Things-Enabled Aggregation-Induced Emission Probe for Cu2+ Ions: Comprehensive Investigations and Three-Dimensional Printed Portable Device Design.

Herein, we have developed a novel aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe and three-dimensional (3D) printed portable device for copper (Cu2+) sensing in an aqueous medium. A ubiquitous synthetic route has been employed to devise the anthracene-conjugated imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine (TL19) probe as a unique anchor for Cu2+ ions. The TL19 is meticulously characterized through pivotal spectroscopic techniques, and the satisfactory results were obtained. The solvatochromic analysis and density functional theory calculations cohesively reveal that the TL19 exhibits the intramolecular charge transfer transition upon photoexcitation. Intriguingly, the TL19 exhibits spherically shaped nanoaggregates and enhanced fluorescence in DMSO/water (10:90) mixtures. This fluorescent nanoaggregate instantaneously responded toward the detection of Cu2+ via a deaggregation mechanism. The detection limit is found to be 9 pM in an aqueous medium. Further, the detection of Cu2+ in the HeLa cells has also been achieved due to bright green fluorescence, photostability, and biocompatibility nature of TL19 aggregates. On the other hand, an internet of things (IoT)-embedded 3D printed portable device is constructed for the detection of Cu2+ ions in real water samples. The Cu2+ detection is achieved through an IoT device, and results were acknowledged through an android application in 3.32 s round-trip time. Thus, the IoT-enabled AIE probe could be a prospective device for Cu2+ detection in a constrained environment.

Electrochemical micropipette-tip for low-cost environmental applications: Determination of anionic surfactants through their interaction with methylene blue

Miniaturization is one of the main requirements in the design of portable devices that allow in-field analysis. This is especially interesting in environmental monitoring, where the time of the sample-to-result process could be decreased considerably by approaching the analytical platforms to the sampling point. We employed traditional mass-produced and low-cost elements (micropipette tips and pins) in an out-of-box application to generate an innovative and cost-effective platform for analytical purposes. We have designed simple and easy-to-use electrochemical cells inside polypropylene micropipette tips with three stainless-steel pins acting as the working, reference and counter electrodes of a potentiostatic system. The pin acting as working electrode was previously coated with carbon ink, meanwhile the rest were used unmodified. In this way, electrochemical in-the-tip measurements were done directly using low volumes (μL) of sample. The devices showed good reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of 7% (n = 5) for five different tip-based complete electrochemical cells. As a proof-of-concept, its utility has been probed by the determination of an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS) in water through its interaction with methylene blue (MB). Two different alternatives were presented based on the: 1) increase in the current intensity of the cathodic peak of MB due to the presence of SDS; 2) electrochemical determination of the MB remaining in the aqueous phase after extraction of the pair SDS-MB to an organic medium.

Real-Time Detection of Slug Velocity in Microchannels.

Microfluidics processes play a central role in the design of portable devices for biological and chemical samples analysis. The bottleneck in this technological evolution is the lack of low cost detection systems and control strategies easily adaptable in different operative conditions, able to guarantee the processes reproducibility and reliability, and suitable for on-chip applications. In this work, a methodology for velocity detection of two-phase flow is presented in microchannels. The approach presented is based on a low-cost optical signals monitoring setup. The slug flow generated by the interaction of two immiscible fluids {air and water} in two microchannels was investigated. To verify the reliability of the detection systems, the flow nonlinearity was enhanced by using curved geometries and microchannel diameter greater than 100 m. The optical signals were analyzed by using an approach in a time domain, to extract the slug velocity, and one in the frequency domain, to compute the slug frequency. It was possible to distinguish the water and air slugs velocity and frequency. A relation between these two parameters was also numerically established. The results obtained represent an important step in the design of non-invasive, low-cost portable systems for micro-flow analysis, in order to prove that the developed methodology was implemented to realize a platform, easy to be integrated in a System-on-a-Chip, for the real-time slug flow velocity detection. The platform performances were successfully validated in different operative conditions.

3D Printing Procedure Applied in the Design of Portable Devices for Visual Aid

Low vision" is a pathological condition caused by an ocular illness in which the visual acuity is 20/70 or less in the better eye and cannot be corrected or enhanced with ordinary glasses (spectacles). Most visually impaired people have some degree of instability, which highlights the need for some help, both for travel and for support in standing. Existing systems are complex, useful, diversified in relation to patient requirements, fixed or mobile, but all require manual use that limits mobility and accessibility. In this research we propose a portable system designed as a structure created by 3D printing of thermoplastic materials and composite materials. Inside of this structure, optimized as an assembly space, the electronic system is designed for guidance and warning actions adapted to the patient with low vision. The system is designed to be easy to use, to have a very low weight and to be adaptable to any anthropometric dimension of patient or mobility space. The thermoplastic and composite materials, as well as the 3D printing technology, allow, for a low weight and an affordable price, to obtain a system that gives more stability and mobility to patients with low vision or blindness.

An electronic portable device design to spectroscopically assess fruit quality

As a rapid and nondestructive sensing technique, reflection spectroscopy is useful in monitoring and managing horticultural production; in other words, the ripening of fruits and vegetables can be evaluated using reflection spectroscopy. Based on laboratory data obtained from an ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared (UV/Vis/NIR) spectrophotometer with a diffuse reflectance accessory, we developed a prototype handheld device. The device operates at a range of 400 nm to 1100 nm (blue, green, red, and NIR). LEDs, photodiodes, a microcontroller, digital-to-analog converters, a graphical LCD display, and a keypad were used for instrumentation. With our user-friendly software interface, measurements can be performed and controlled in real time, and measured data can be transferred to a computer using Bluetooth technology. This method of processing and evaluating data is easily managed.

Portable device design for in-vitro muscle tissue monitoring

Abstract Experimental investigations were carried out in order to identify the portable device requirements for in-vitro muscle tissue monitoring over time. Based on these investigations, specifications for the measurement system were defined considering the type and amplitude of excitation signals (500 mV), frequency range (1 kHz–10 MHz) and impedance range (10 Ω–4 kΩ). For these requirements, a portable device structure is proposed based on the magnitude ratio and phase difference detection using a gain phase detector. To fulfill the requirements of the gain phase detector circuit's inputs, an interface circuit is proposed with an error lower than 0.09% from 2 mV up to 200 mV.

REMOTE ADMINISTRATION OF BMS THROUGH ANDROID APPLICATION

SAN (Storage Area Network) is a committed high-speed network that interconnects data storage devices and multiple servers. It allows the device to appear like locally attached device to the operating system by enhancing storage devices which are accessible to server and consequently secures the manner in which the database connects with the server. Thus enabling design of portable devices that allow the user to control the building constants from remote places.[1][2][3] By gaining the access to control of building constants application like BMS (Building Management System) can be easily configured. BMS in actual is a microprocessor based electronic module or device which can be installed in a building to allow the user to operate, manage and measure real time data of various parameters. Data of the building can be accessed and modified through android app. The protocol used for communication between the app and web server is GPRS.[4][5] BMS is used to securely store and configure rules and parameters of an intelligent building like secured access-control, lighting and temperature etc.

Design of Portable Device for Rapid Temperature Testing of Concrete Specimens: System Circuit Design Phase

The project described in this paper is based on sequential development of a temperature controlled weather condition emulator for testing of concrete samples in different temperature levels at varying period of time. The device can be used to test concrete samples when engineer wants to realize the concrete behaviour under extreme conditions such as cold, very high temperature or drastic drops of temperature incurred in a short period and importantly test for concrete samples during hydration. As an initial phase of the development process, entire system architecture is sub-phased to modular form and hence formulated each module for simulation before realizing of the final fabrication of the actual system. The main objective in this phase is to design the electronic circuit to control the attached thermoelectric Peltier which is the main subject of the heat source temperature controller. Since, mathematical modelling of dynamics of the Peltier systems are not well defined and assured to be highly non-linear in behaviour, controlling of the system is driven to be selected by a fuzzy inference engine. Modelling, analysis and simulation of the system dynamics of the Peltier has already been completed in last phase. Design of electronic controller is detailed in the paper with an experimental performance evaluation plot based on extreme loading conditions of the cooling-heating device. Uncertainty incurred in temperature measurements is also provided with experimental data obtained from the proposed system circuit. Characteristics of the proposed emulator are discussed with given significant constrains. Finally, obtained experimental data from the circuit is satisfied with the expected once therefore, this phase can be concluded for developing an optimized fuzzy controller to control the device as final step of the device.

Optical zoom camera module using two poly-dimethylsiloxane deformable mirrors.

Miniaturization is an essential trend in the design of portable devices. Motor-driven lens technology is a traditional way to achieve autofocus and optical zoom functions. This approach usually requires considerable space and consumes significant power. Reflective optics is a methodology that not only can fold the optical path, but it has the advantage of low chromatic aberration. In this paper, we use a deformable mirror as a reflecting element in an optical zoom system. For its low Young's modulus and residual stress, we choose polydimethylsiloxane as a deformable membrane that can provide a large stroke. The optical zoom module consists of a pair of micromachined deformable mirrors. The thickness of this module is 10 mm, which enables 2× optical zoom. The smallest effective focal length is 4.7 mm at a full field angle of 52°, and the f-number is 4.4. The largest effective focal length of the module is 9.4 mm, and the f-number is 6.4.

Real-time, multiplexed electrochemical DNA detection using an active complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor biosensor array with integrated sensor electronics

Optical biosensing based on fluorescence detection has arguably become the standard technique for quantifying extents of hybridization between surface-immobilized probes and fluorophore-labeled analyte targets in DNA microarrays. However, electrochemical detection techniques are emerging which could eliminate the need for physically bulky optical instrumentation, enabling the design of portable devices for point-of-care applications. Unlike fluorescence detection, which can function well using a passive substrate (one without integrated electronics), multiplexed electrochemical detection requires an electronically active substrate to analyze each array site and benefits from the addition of integrated electronic instrumentation to further reduce platform size and eliminate the electromagnetic interference that can result from bringing non-amplified signals off chip. We report on an active electrochemical biosensor array, constructed with a standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, to perform quantitative DNA hybridization detection on chip using targets conjugated with ferrocene redox labels. A 4×4 array of gold working electrodes and integrated potentiostat electronics, consisting of control amplifiers and current-input analog-to-digital converters, on a custom-designed 5mm×3mm CMOS chip drive redox reactions using cyclic voltammetry, sense DNA binding, and transmit digital data off chip for analysis. We demonstrate multiplexed and specific detection of DNA targets as well as real-time monitoring of hybridization, a task that is difficult, if not impossible, with traditional fluorescence-based microarrays.