Design Of Poly Research Articles

Analysis of magnetic pole loss and heat in a tubular hydro‐generator based on 3D electromagnetic field–thermal network modelling

AbstractIn order to more accurately and efficiently determine the loss and heating state of the magnetic pole area of a tubular hydro‐generator, this study establishes a comprehensive 3D electromagnetic field–thermal network analysis model of its pole area and implements calculations according to its rated symmetrical operating conditions. A 36 MW large tubular hydro‐generator is used as an example. Based on the measured results of the pole temperature and the use of the calculation hardware, the results are compared with the traditional electric circuit‐magnetic circuit‐thermal circuit method and 3D electromagnetic field‐temperature field finite‐element method. It is shown that the 3D electromagnetic field–thermal network model established in this study has several advantages, including high calculation accuracy, short calculation time, and low hardware consumption. These results have important value in improving the electromagnetic–temperature analysis and design of poles in large hydro‐generators.

Power lines – a call for action!

Power lines are well known to be a significant anthropogenic threat to bird populations globally. Research in this field is growing, and there are already masses of data available. Unfortunately, (with some notable exceptions), there is a lot more research than hands on action. Given that we already know the problems, I would like to motivate people to work on making changes, using the already available knowledge, and show some examples of how we are going about making a difference, based on the work done in South Africa and Israel. For the presented cases, we start from looking at finished risk maps and models, and head right into the field with ground truthing, followed by the challenges of working with vs against (using public or legal pressure) electricity utility companies to address threats reactively, but also how we manage to get companies to strategically mitigate proactively, which brings significantly reduced electrocution rates. We then discus the pros and cons of various mitigation methods, touch on pole design (re-design) research and tests in captive environment through to the deployment of re-designed (safe) structures to become the default structure in use. Ideally, other participants could bring examples of their challenges and we shall discuss different approaches towards their solutions (workshop).

The assessment of innovative geotechnical slope repair techniques

Work to evaluate the effectiveness of innovative geotechnical slope repair techniques used on UK national highways is summarised. The techniques assessed were the planting of live willow poles, electrokinetic geosynthetics (EKG) and fibre-reinforced soil (FRS). These were used instead of conventional approaches to reduce the overall impacts of various challenges, including environmental constraints (habitat and visual) and access and utility constraints, and to reduce the scale and/or cost of traffic management and traffic delays. Trials have been undertaken over the last 20 years or so, but monitoring was generally limited to just a few years post-construction; longer term evaluation was not generally undertaken. The evaluated success – or otherwise – of the techniques led directly to recommendations for future use, ranging from the development of live willow pole design guidance and specification information, guidance on further EKG trials and cessation of the use of FRS, primarily on environmental grounds but also acknowledging the construction difficulties encountered. Life cycle analysis revealed that each technique provides significant carbon dioxide savings compared with rock fill replacement. More generic lessons learnt from the trials and the practical applications reported were used to produce guidance for future trials of innovative geotechnical repair techniques, including those for slopes.

Photovoltaic Mobile Charging System Design (Solar Pole) - in Gümüşhanevi Campus of Gümüşhane University

The decrease in fossil-based resources, the pollution of the environment and the threat of sustainability constantly increase the interest in renewable energy sources. Solar energy is one of the leading renewable energy sources due to its large capacity. Today, solar energy appears in many applications. In this study, a photovoltaic-based solar pole design has been realized and a prototype that can be applied almost anywhere in open-air conditions has been produced. The prototype produced was tested and installed at Gümüşhane University's Gümüşhanevi Campus. The prototype mobile phones produced have a fast charging feature with 5V-2A. In future studies, it is planned to provide the solar tracking feature to the photovoltaic (PV) panel in the system, and it is aimed to bring such systems to the campus in general.

Design of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate-polyacrylamide dual network hydrogel for long-term stable, highly efficient solar steam generation

Photothermal materials have attracted significant interests for interfacial solar steam generation towards desalination or sewage purification. However, despite recent encouraging progress, the development of long-term stable photothermal materials with high overall performance is still one of the major hurdles to realize scalable practical usage. Herein, we develop a dual network hydrogel of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) for interfacial solar steam generation via one-step radical polymerization and chemical cross-linking of acrylamide within viscous PEDOT:PSS nanofibril dispersion. As-obtained PEDOT:PSS-PAAm hydrogel exhibits a unique combination of advantageous evaporation performances including excellent sunlight absorption (∼99.8%), fast steam generation rate (2.15 kg m-2 h-1), and high energy efficiency (∼97.2%), comparable to the state-of-the-art photothermal materials. Furthermore, the PEDOT:PSS-PAAm hydrogel also displays fascinating mechanical properties like softness (Young’s modulus: 38 ∼ 86 kPa), stretchability (fracture strain: >80%), and nice mechanical stability against varying deformations, guaranteeing its potential usage in harsh practical application environment. Toward real water purification applications, such a hydrogel is demonstrated to possess excellent long-term stability with an average energy efficiency of 94.8% and anti-salt-fouling properties against 30-day continuous outdoor exposure, superior to most previously reported photothermal materials. We further demonstrate PEDOT:PSS-PAAm hydrogel-integrated solar steam generator for practical desalination and sewage purification, and the generated water can reach the WHO drinking water standards for metal cations/organic pollutants.

Design of poly (arylene ether nitrile)@SiO2 nanoparticles super-wetting membrane for the fast separation of oil-in-water emulsions fabricated through physical confinement effect and dopamine-assisted bio-inspired deposition

The super-wetting polymer-based membrane has displayed promising application in the oily wastewater purification because of its unique anti-fouling feature. However, the creep of micro-/nano- structure on surface of membrane and wettability attenuation under harsh conditions would lead to the decrease of separation flux and efficiency, which posed a huge challenge to the membrane technology. In this study, we prepared the super-hydrophilic and underwater super-oleophobic polymer composite membrane through the one-step biomimetic deposition of sodium alginate, dopamine, and SiO2 nanoparticles onto the surface of poly (aryl ether nitrile) (PEN) membrane with wavy rough structure. Typically, the effect of physical confinement, dopamine with strong adhesion, and the co-deposition of polydopamine and sodium alginate coatings endowed the composite membrane with durable super-wetting property (water contact angle: 0° and underwater oil contact angle: 153°) and oil repellent behavior. Hence, when separating different surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions, as-prepared PEN composite membrane showed high separation flux of 762.81 ± 28.37 L·m−2·h−1 (847.5 ± 31.52 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1) and rejection ratio of 99.51 ± 0.16 %. Furthermore, the efficient separation performance and super-wetting feature of composite membrane could be retained even treating in the conditions of 4 M HCl/80 ℃ and 1 M NaOH/80 ℃, which exhibited potential application for purification of oily wastewater containing different oil/water emulsions under harsh environments.

Design and Construction of RCC Fencing Pole

Abstract: Fencing poles are one of the most widespread manmade features on Earth, and they May out stretch roads by an order of magnitude. One of the most durable and Efficient RCC fencing poles is constructed with the help of concrete. Properly made Reinforced concrete pole .The essential requirements for the protection of Poles for general purposes, we conducted impact test on the protection of reinforced Concrete poles by changing the height of the post & it's position to decreases the effect of impact energy. Fences have eluded systematic study for so long for good reasons. Fencing has become more popular architecture in many disciplines, from ecology to computing. Fences are globally everywhere used & they are often discussions of evaluation. For designing a RCC pole one has to consider all the possible loading and see that the Structure is safe against all possible loading condition. Keywords: RCC fencing pole, protection fence, impact energy, everywhere.

Calculation and Structure Optimization of Electric Field Distribution of The 10kV Solid-sealed Polar Pole

As one of the core modules of the ring - net switch cabinet, the solid-sealed polar pole was used to seal the three-station isolation ground switch and vacuum arcing chamber together. The electric equipment was concentrated, which was prone to electric field distortion. In this paper, a three-dimensional simulation model was established based on the drawings of the solid-sealed polar pole. The electric field distribution under the initial structure was calculated based on the finite element method, and it was optimized by adjusting the thickness of the moving contact and epoxy layer, changing the radius of the metal pull rod in the control mechanism and adding the equalizing ring on the shell surface. The results showed that when the inner diameter of the moving contact was 20mm, the outer diameter of the air layer was 43mm, and the radius of the metal tie rod in the control mechanism was 18mm, the field intensity in the solid-sealed polar pole was relatively reasonable, but the maximum E-field intensity in the arc-extinguishing chamber gap between the contacts was up to 5041V/mm. It was necessary to carry out pressure withstand test to ensure insulation safety. The results of this paper could provide reference for the optimal design of the solid-sealed polar pole.

Laminar Composite Solid Electrolyte with Poly(Ethylene Oxide)‐Threaded Metal‐Organic Framework Nanosheets for High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Lithium Battery

Developing laminar composite solid electrolyte with ultrathin thickness and continuous conduction channels in vertical direction holds great promise for all‐solid‐state lithium batteries. Herein, a thin, laminar solid electrolyte is synthesized by filtrating –NH2 functionalized metal‐organic framework nanosheets and then being threaded with poly(ethylene oxide) chains induced by the hydrogen‐bonding interaction from –NH2 groups. It is demonstrated that the threaded poly(ethylene oxide) chains lock the adjacent metal‐organic framework nanosheets, giving highly enhanced structural stability (Young’s modulus, 1.3 GPa) to 7.5‐μm‐thick laminar composite solid electrolyte. Importantly, these poly(ethylene oxide) chains with stretching structure serve as continuous conduction pathways along the chains in pores. It makes the non‐conduction laminar metal‐organic framework electrolyte highly conductive: 3.97 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 25 °C, which is even over 25 times higher than that of pure poly(ethylene oxide) electrolyte. The assembled lithium cell, thus, acquires superior cycling stability, initial discharge capacity (148 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C and 60 °C), and retention (94% after 150 cycles). Besides, the pore size of nanosheet is tailored (24.5–40.9 Å) to evaluate the mechanisms of chain conformation and ion transport in confined space. It shows that the confined pore only with proper size could facilitate the stretching of poly(ethylene oxide) chains, and meanwhile inhibit their disorder degree. Specifically, the pore size of 33.8 Å shows optimized confinement effect with trans‐poly(ethylene oxide) and cis‐poly(ethylene oxide) conformation, which offers great significance in ion conduction. Our design of poly(ethylene oxide)‐threaded architecture provides a platform and paves a way to the rational design of next‐generation high‐performance porous electrolytes.

GFRP Poles for Traffic Signs and Signal Poles: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia

GFRP poles have been widely used as lighting poles but their use as traffic signs and signal poles is still under development. This paper highlights the literature review and case study of using GFRP poles for traffic signs and signal poles in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The case study details the design of poles, construction, maintenance and their performance. Traffic sign poles were manufactured using filament winding and signal poles using pultrusion process. AASHTO Standard “Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals” and ANSI 136.2. were used as materials specification and design for the pole. There is a need to develop dedicated design and construction guidelines to standardize the construction process. Further study about the crash resistance of GFRP poles at different speeds needs to be explored. In addition, the paper presents a high level comparison between the different materials like weight, safety, environmental degradation, strength, service life, durability in an aggressive environment, carbon footprint and economics.

Design of an asymmetric rotor pole for wound field synchronous machines

This study proposes a novel asymmetric rotor pole design for wound field synchronous machines (WFSMs), which can achieve high saliency ratio and also low torque ripple. The key point is the optimal design of the asymmetric rotor pole with the inverse-cosine-shaped (ICS) plus reverse 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic shaping. The asymmetric rotor pole can help to improve the average output torque by enhancing the saliency ratio. The reverse 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic shaping on the rotor pole surface is mainly used to reduce the torque ripple. To certify the effectivity of the proposed design, three-phase 54-slot / 6-pole 4.7kW WFSMs with uniform air gap and with non-uniform air gap shaped by the ICS plus optimum reverse 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic are utilized as the basic model and referenced model for comparison. For the referenced model, the optimum amplitude of reverse 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> harmonic is preferred as 1/6. Finally, all electromagnetic characteristics of the investigated machines are predicted by the finite-element method (FEM). The highest saliency ratio and comparatively low torque ripple have been verified.

INVESTIGATING INFLUENCES OF TAPPED SHOE ROTOR POLES ON ELECTROMAGNETIC TORQUES AND RADIAL FORCES OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTORS

The shape of rotor poles has a significant influence on the performance of electromagnetic torques and radial forces, because the air-gap flux density is depent on the stator and rotor areas and surfaces. Serveral articles have studied influences of the stator/rotor designs on radial forces and electromagnetic torque waveforms as well. Moreover, the electromangetic characteristics of switched reluctance motors are also defined by tapped-shoe-skewing of the stator and rotor poles with the inner holes. However, the total solution designs of the tapped-shoe rotor with diferent tapped angles have not yet implemented by those papers so far. For that, in this paper, the tapped shoe rotor pole design is proposed by different angles for the high speed switched reluctance motor of 30 kW and 18000 rpm.

Functionalized Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Microgels in Tumor Targeting and Drug Delivery.

Over the past several decades, the development of engineered small particles as targeted and drug delivery systems (TDDS) has received great attention thanks to the possibility to overcome the limitations of classical cancer chemotherapy, including targeting incapability, nonspecific action and, consequently, systemic toxicity. Thus, this research aims at using a novel design of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) p(NIPAM)-based microgels to specifically target cancer cells and avoid the healthy ones, which is expected to decrease or eliminate the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Smart NIPAM-based microgels were functionalized with acrylic acid and coupled to folic acid (FA), targeting the folate receptors overexpressed by cancer cells and to the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox). The successful conjugation of FA and Dox was demonstrated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-VIS analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, viability assay performed on cancer and healthy breast cells, suggested the microgels’ biocompatibility and the cytotoxic effect of the conjugated drug. On the other hand, the specific tumor targeting of synthetized microgels was demonstrated by a co-cultured (healthy and cancer cells) assay monitored using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Results suggest successful targeting of cancer cells and drug release. These data support the use of pNIPAM-based microgels as good candidates as TDDS.

Low electromagnetic vibration design of double-layer interior permanent magnet machines for electric vehicle

Electromagnetic vibration and noise of driving motor affect the comfort for electric vehicles. Considering low harmonic component and pole design flexibility of double-layer interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines, in this paper, an improved analytical method of no-load air gap flux density for double-layer IPM machines is introduced, and the harmonic spectrum of electromagnetic force is analyzed. A commercial double-layer IPM machine is taken as benchmark, the electromagnetic–structure–sound coupling model is established. The main spatial and temporal order of electromagnetic force for benchmark motor is indicated. Based on this analytical model, a method to minimize the electromagnetic force of specific harmonic component is proposed to reduce electromagnetic vibration and noise, by optimizing parameters of double-layer IPM machine rotor pole without impairing the motor performance. The vibration and noise of the optimized motor under working condition and no-load are compared with the results of the benchmark motor by multi-physics simulation, and validate the proposed optimization approach.

Design of poly(DOPA)-based nanoparticle for Parkinson’s disease treatment with suppressing dyskinesia

The major cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) is thought to be the loss of dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons and the formation of alpha-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies. Although dopamine supplementation is a vital therapy, it is not facile to cross the BBB. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), a dopamine precursor, is one of the main drugs to treat PD since L-DOPA can cross the BBB better than dopamine; however, there are strong demands to develop further effective drugs due to the short half-life and several adverse effects such as dyskinesia.

Research on Dual-Phase Non-Salient Pole Receiver for EV Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System

Dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) technology shows a vast development prospect for EV application, with advantages of reducing the demand for battery capacity and improving the user experience. However, the need to improve output performance leads to a challenge in receiver design with limited space and allowable load on the EV side. In this paper, a design of a dual-phase non-salient pole (NSP) receiver for the EV DWPT system with bipolar transmitter is proposed, aiming at providing a solution to the contradiction between reducing the volume or cost and improving the misalignment tolerance of the receiver. The coupling principle of the proposed receiver is analyzed. The structure parameters are optimized by the finite-element simulation method. Combined with specific design indexes, it is proven by comparison with the existing dual-phase receiver that the proposed receiver is 35.4% smaller in volume and needs 47.0% shorter wires. Moreover, the significant advantage of the proposed dual-phase NSP receiver in misalignment tolerance is verified by simulations and experimental comparisons.

Comprehensive performance analysis and optimal design of smart light pole for cooperative vehicle infrastructure system

Abstract On the basis of the finite element theory, in this study, a theoretical design and simulation practice to carry out steady-state static analysis, structural dynamics analysis, and electromagnetic interferencecharacteristics analysis on smart light poles, is combined. On this basis, a design of modular weight reduction and cost reduction was proposed, which realized the multi-objective parameter optimization of the smart light pole. The simulation results show that the mass of the optimized light pole can be reduced by 14.2%, and the material cost can be reduced by 14.7%. At the same time, the comprehensive performance of the optimized smart light pole can still meet the design requirements of the industry standards. The research results provide a reference for the lightweight design and the comprehensive analysis of the smart light pole in the future.

Design and development of a low-cost pole climbing robot using Arduino Mega

Nowadays, climbing robots are widely used in industrial and hazardous environments for inspection purposes. On the other hand, the Pole climbing robot can help workers fix maintenance, power transmission, etc. This article aims to design and fabricate an autonomous pole climbing robot, which can climb upward/downward a pole. The robot has two grippers at the top and bottom of the robot body, climbing along a pole by alternating release/grip mechanism. The robot body and robot grippers are fabricated using a rapid prototyping machine using PLA material. The prototype of the robot is tested on a pole of diameter 110 cm. The average time taken for the robot to climb 40 cm on a straight pole is 18.18 s and 17.21 s for upward and downward motion, respectively.

Solar chimney street-lighting pole for ventilating polluted urban areas

The increasing air pollution in built environment streets represents a serious health hazard, particularly for pedestrians. This paper presents a novel design of a solar chimney street-lighting pole (SCSLP) that guides away polluted air from the near-surface space to an upper space in street environments. The proposed system creates an updraft air movement through the convection of air heated by passive solar energy gained from the wall and solar collectors of the SCSLP. The current study investigated the performance of the proposed system through ANSYS CFX simulation (SIM) capabilities. The airflow rates and other relevant parameters were calculated and analysed for two selected materials and four geometric configurations of the SCSLP. The results showed that the SCSLP was successful in creating an updraft air movement of 6.970m3/min at 8:35 am on a typical summer day in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The performance of the SCSLP was mainly improved by increasing its number of solar collectors, and the thermal conductivity and emissivity of the composed material. The installation of numerous SCSLPs can create a large-scale air ventilation that would drive fresh air from nearby areas to replace the street’s pedestrian-level polluted air, thus providing people with cleaner air to breathe.

Optimum Slot and Pole Design for Vibration Reduction in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) are increasingly being used and are required to satisfy noise and vibration specifications. Thus, it is necessary to develop design guidelines for electric motors that consider vibration response as a key output of the design. This work shows the influence of the main design parameters regarding PMSMs: the number of slots and the number of poles. First, the influence of the number of slots in the natural frequencies is analysed by Finite Element calculations, which are experimentally verified. Then, the analytical calculation of the vibration response is explained. This is applied for several combinations of the number of slots and the number of poles, and the results are compared. Considering the analytical development, a procedure to choose the most adequate combination of the number of slots and poles is proposed. The analytical predictions are validated according to experimental measurements in two machines.