Design Patterns Research Articles

Implementation of the Picture and Picture Learning Model to Improve Pancasila and Citizenship Education Learning Outcomes for Elementary School Students

The learning model is a design pattern that aims to ensure that learning objectives are achieved effectively and efficiently so that it impacts student learning outcomes, which are expected to get excellent grades and gain something meaningful from the learning experience of elementary school students. The research aims to improve learning outcomes in Pancasila and Citizenship Education subjects in the aspects of spiritual attitudes, social attitudes, knowledge, and skills of students through the application of the picture-and-picture learning model on the subject matter of obligations and rights and responsibilities as citizens. The research subjects were 28 class III-B students at SDN 200220 Padangsidimpuan. This research uses the Kurt Lewin model of classroom action research methods. Data collection uses tests and observations. Data were analyzed descriptively using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The research results prove that students experienced an increase in their learning outcomes. Starting from cycle I, meeting I, only 12 students completed it, cycle I meeting II increased to 17 students who completed it, cycle II meeting I increased to 20 students completing it, and cycle II meeting II increased again to 25 students completed with an average score of 89.2 or 89.28%.

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FOR GEOSPATIAL VIRTUAL DATA INTEGRATION IN WEB-BASED APPLICATIONS

Abstract. The wide availability of geospatial data from different sources makes it necessary to create systems that are able to use and integrate the data to generate added value. We propose a system architecture following FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and state-of-the-art methodologies for a server-side web-based application that performs virtual data integration over data sources that implement geospatial information standards. The architecture extends the mediator-wrapper design pattern with additional components that provide the system with additional flexibility and modularity, much needed for modern web applications. The architecture is composed of the mask, which acts as the interface of the system towards external users; a mediator that handles processing and data integration logic; a set of wrappers that communicate with the external data sources; persistent storage to provide flexible configuration and metadata capabilities to the system; and messaging queue for enabling asynchronous processing. At the same time, the architecture’s components are divided into four layers, each one with a specific role: presentation, configuration, processing, and communication.

Ontology-Based AI Design Patterns and Constraints in Cancer Registry Data Validation.

Data validation in cancer registration is a critical operation but is resource-intensive and has traditionally depended on proprietary software. Ontology-based AI is a novel approach utilising machine reasoning based on axioms formally described in description logic. This is a different approach from deep learning AI techniques but not exclusive of them. The advantage of the ontology approach lies in its ability to address a number of challenges concurrently. The disadvantages relate to computational costs, which increase with language expressivity and the size of data sets, and class containment restrictions imposed by description logics. Both these aspects would benefit from the availability of design patterns, which is the motivation behind this study. We modelled the European cancer registry data validation rules in description logic using a number of design patterns and showed the viability of the approach. Reasoning speeds are a limiting factor for large cancer registry data sets comprising many hundreds of thousands of records, but these can be offset to a certain extent by developing the ontology in a modular way. Data validation is also a highly parallelisable process. Important potential future work in this domain would be to identify and optimise reusable design patterns, paying particular attention to avoiding any unintended reasoning efficiency hotspots.

Mitigating Nitrate Concentration Using an Optimal Cropping Pattern Developed by Linking a Soil and Water Assessment Tool with Evolutionary Optimization

The unplanned development of agricultural land and urban areas poses threats to water quality, which can lead to the death of the aquatic species in rivers. The present study developed a novel framework by combining a soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) and evolutionary algorithms to optimize the cultivation pattern at the catchment scale in the Tajan River basin, with the aim of mitigating the environmental impacts of surface runoff from farms. This river basin is located in northern Iran, where quick agricultural development is one of the environmental challenges. We utilized a SWAT to simulate the nitrate concentrations for different crops at the river basin scale by applying the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) as a measurement index. Then, a novel model was developed to optimize the cultivation pattern by applying different metaheuristic algorithms. Fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was applied as a decision-making system to select the best optimization algorithm. The results demonstrated that using a SWAT in the optimization model structure is a robust method for the design of an optimal cultivation pattern. The Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) was 0.74, demonstrating the robust predictive skills of the water quality model. The decision-making system indicated that particle swarm optimization and shuffled complex evolution were the best evolutionary algorithms to optimize the cultivation pattern using the proposed method. The proposed method opens a new window regarding the optimization of cultivation patterns in agriculture and provides an environmental-based optimization to design cultivation patterns on the catchment scale.

Allometry: revealing evolution's engineering principles.

An animal's body size impacts many aspects of its structure and function (Y); insights that only become apparent when viewed over several orders of magnitude of body mass (M) and expressed allometrically in the form of power law equations (Y=aMb). The resulting relationships are apparent clusters of similar exponents (b) revealing emergent 'patterns of design' that shed light on the universal principles of structure and function. Basic physical principles of surface area, volume and heat exchange apply to all objects, including animals, and many consequences must be attributed to these fundamental properties. Starting with Galileo's description of the shapes of bones in the 16th century and extending to 19th century explanations of heat production and loss by Sarrus and Rameaux, allometric patterns have provided numerous biological insights. Here, we examine several of these insights and explore how the selective pressures and scaling may differ when comparing animals in a vegetative (basal) state and those utilizing their maximum metabolic capacities. It seems that the selective pressures under those two conditions differ. We caution that allometric patterns invite explanations that lack supporting data or may be dismissed because there is hesitation among biologists to make comparisons lacking phylogenetic support. We argue that emergent allometric patterns have inherent value and continue to be the fodder for many fruitful hypotheses.

Deformation Mechanism of Aluminum, Copper, and Gold in Nanoimprint Lithography Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Material deformation during nanoimprinting of aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), and gold (Au) was explored through molecular dynamics simulations. A comparative understanding of the deformation behavior of three substrate materials important for design and high-resolution pattern transfer was highlighted. In this study, we analyzed three metrics, including von Mises stresses, lattice deformation, and spring-back for the chosen materials. Of the three materials, the highest average von Mises stress of 7.80 MPa was recorded for copper, while the lowest value of 4.68 MPa was computed for the gold substrate. Relatively higher von Mises stress was observed for all three materials during the mold penetration stages; however, there was a significant reduction during the mold relaxation and retrieval stages. The Polyhedral Template Matching (PTM) method was adopted for studying the lattice dislocation of the materials. Predominantly Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) structures were observed during the deformation process and the materials regained more than 50% of their original Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) structures after mold retrieval. Gold had the lowest vertical spring-back at 6.54%, whereas aluminum had the highest average spring-back at 24.5%. Of the three materials, aluminum had the lowest imprint quality due to its irregular imprint geometry and low indentation depth after the NIL process. The findings of this research lay a foundation for the design and manufacture of Nanoimprint Lithography (NIL) molds for different applications while ensuring that the replicated structures meet the desired specifications and quality standards.

Kirigami-based inverse design for 3D surfaces formed by mechanically guided method

The mechanically guided assembly method utilizes the compressive buckling behavior of thin-film structures to transform two-dimensional (2D) precursors into three-dimensional (3D) structures. Previous research has shown that by inverse designing thickness and width distributions in 2D precursors, various 3D surfaces with target geometries can be accurately assembled. However, the variation in thickness poses significant challenges for the fabrication of the 2D precursor, especially on a small scale. In this paper, we propose a Kirigami-based inverse design framework that utilizes pre-specified incision patterns as critical parameters to control the bending stiffness distribution of 2D precursors. This enables the fabrication of target 3D structures with constant thickness, which greatly simplifies the production of 2D precursors. By studying the deformation characteristics of beam models during pure bending, we have established an analytical relationship between incision patterns and bending stiffness distribution. To validate the effectiveness of our inverse design theory, we conducted a series of simulations and experiments on 3D structures, yielding favorable comparison results. Moreover, guided by this inverse design theory, we have developed a microneedle structure through conceptual design, demonstrating the capability of Kirigami patterns in the inverse design of complex 3D structures, and highlighting the potential application of our method in the biomedical field.

Exploring Low-Waste Patternmaking Techniques for Sustainable Solutions in Fashion Industry

In the realm of sustainable fashion, designers are actively exploring innovative strategies to reshape their design processes. This study aims to unveil foundational sustainability principles integrated into sustainable fashion praxis using design thinking methodologies. The focus is on practical low-waste patternmaking as a testing ground to assess these principles' feasibility. The research methodology employs a qualitative framework grounded in pragmatism, allowing for a deep engagement in an exploratory data collection process led by a researcher-practitioner in the field of fashion design. While the primary focus is on the core fashion design process, the goal is to align sustainability strategies with key stages in conventional design and production. By aligning the fundamental fashion design process with responsible consumption and production, the study advocates for the adoption of innovative methods that deviates from traditional practices. The study's findings presented comparative insights between conventional approaches and modern sustainable practices. Further exploration of digital advancements in pattern design can streamline sustainability implementation. In conclusion, this challenging yet rewarding study emphasized practical problem-solving strategies in a fashion that is distinct from technical and creative knowledge applications.

Unraveling quantum computing system architectures: An extensive survey of cutting-edge paradigms

Context:The convergence of physics and computer science in the realm of quantum computing systems has sparked a profound revolution within the computer industry. However, despite such promise, the existing focus on quantum software systems primarily centers on the generation of quantum source code, inadvertently overlooking the pivotal role of the overall software architecture. Objectives:In order to provide comprehensive guidance to researchers and practitioners engaged in quantum software development, employing an architecture-centered development model, an extensive literature review was conducted pertaining to existing research on quantum software architecture. The analysis encompasses a detailed examination of the characteristics exhibited by these studies and the identification of prospective challenges that lie ahead in the field of quantum software architecture. Methods:We have closely examined instances of quantum software engineering, quantum modeling languages, quantum design patterns, and quantum communication security to gain insights into the distinctive attributes associated with various software architecture approaches. Results:Our findings underscore the critical significance of prioritizing software architecture in the development of robust and efficient quantum software systems. Through the synthesis of these multifaceted aspects, both researchers and practitioners can devise quantum software solutions that are inherently architecture-centric. Conclusion:The software architecture of quantum computing systems plays a pivotal role in determining their ultimate success and usability. Given the ongoing advancements in quantum computing technology, the migration of traditional software architecture development methods to the domain of quantum software development holds significant importance.

Drawn from Nature: Wallpaper patterns in New Zealand's Schools of Art and Design

Schools of art and design were established in New Zealand from 1870 to foster the development of technical skills in the trades and the creative and decorative arts. These schools flourished throughout the latter two decades of the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth century. Informed by the teachings of the South Kensington School in England, students in New Zealand were instructed in the design of patterns for interior finishes, such as wallpapers, tiles, linoleum and textiles. The blossoming Arts and Crafts movement not only guided the teaching models of these schools, but encouraged students to explore the graphic possibilities of flora and fauna, which in the New Zealand context resulted in original decorative patterns with native motifs.
 This paper will explore the design of wallpaper patterns by students at the New Zealand schools of art, focusing on those produced between the mid-1880s and the late 1890s. The influence and inspiration for these patterns will be traced, from the Arts and Crafts movement, the teaching methods at schools of art and design, to the natural New Zealand environment.

Vanadium dioxide-based ultra-broadband metamaterial absorber for terahertz waves

An ultra-broadband, polarization-insensitive terahertz metamaterial absorber based on vanadium dioxide resonance structure is proposed in this paper. The device boasts advantages such as a straightforward design, broad absorption bandwidth, and substantial fractional bandwidth. Numerical simulations show that vanadium dioxide enables the absorber to achieve near-perfect absorption (with a rate greater than 95%) in its metallic state. It demonstrates an average absorption rate exceeding 96.5% across an ultra-broadband range (4.02 THz to 11.95 THz). The absorption bandwidth reaches 7.93 THz, with a relative bandwidth of 99.3%, representing a notable improvement over comparable absorbers. Furthermore, due to its highly symmetric pattern design, the device exhibits excellent polarization insensitivity and maintains stability even within a wide incident angle range. The operational mechanism of the absorber is elucidated through the application of impedance matching theory and near-field distribution analysis. The designed absorber structure makes vanadium dioxide materials more widely applicable in terahertz and ultra-broadband absorber devices, holding promising application prospects in fields such as security imaging, energy harvesting, and so on.

Impact of innovations in object-oriented programming on the creation of new design patterns

This research focuses on delving into the impact of innovations in object-oriented programming on creating new design patterns. This paper presents possible innovations in object-oriented programming and its impact on design patterns for software development. The developers of these systems face the challenge of designing not a single system but several ways to solve the same problem and introduce innovations that allow them to modify and extend the codes quickly and easily. To illustrate how a design pattern is applied in an object-oriented system, an order management system for an online vehicle parts sale is shown. For this case, the Factory Method design pattern is selected to handle creating product objects (spare parts) dynamically and efficiently, which is a first step in building large systems.

Ontology engineering of automatic text processing methods

<span lang="EN-US">Currently, ontologies are recognized as the most effective means of formalizing and systematizing knowledge and data in scientific subject area (SSA). Practice has shown that using ontology design patterns is effective in developing the ontology of scientific subject areas. This is due to the fact that scientific subject areas ontology, as a rule, contains a large number of typical fragments that are well described by patterns of ontology design. In the paper, we present an approach to ontology engineering of automatic text processing methods based on ontology design patterns. In order to get an ontology that would describe automatic text processing sufficiently fully, it is required to process a large number of scientific publications and information resources containing information from modeling area. It is possible to facilitate and speed up the process of updating ontology with information from such sources by using lexical and syntactic patterns of ontology design. Our ontology of automatic text processing will become the conceptual basis of an intelligent information resource on modern methods of automatic text processing, which will provide systematization of all information on these methods, its integration into a single information space, convenient navigation through it, as well as meaningful access to it.</span>

Revisiting the Design Patterns of Composite Visualizations.

Composite visualization is a popular design strategy that represents complex datasets by integrating multiple visualizations in a meaningful and aesthetic layout, such as juxtaposition, overlay, and nesting. With this strategy, numerous novel designs have been proposed in visualization publications to accomplish various visual analytic tasks. However, there is a lack of understanding of design patterns of composite visualization, thus failing to provide holistic design space and concrete examples for practical use. In this paper, we opted to revisit the composite visualizations in IEEE VIS publications and answered what and how visualizations of different types are composed together. To achieve this, we first constructed a corpus of composite visualizations from the publications and analyzed common practices, such as the pattern distributions and co-occurrence of visualization types. From the analysis, we obtained insights into different design patterns on the utilities and their potential pros and cons. Furthermore, we discussed usage scenarios of our taxonomy and corpus and how future research on visualization composition can be conducted on the basis of this study.

Designing effective discussion forum in MOOCs: insights from learner perspectives

IntroductionThe study focuses on addressing the gap between the perspectives of learners and the designers of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), with a particular emphasis on asynchronous discussion forums within these courses. The primary objective of this study is to bridge the gap in understanding between MOOC designers and learners regarding the organization and usability of discussion forums.MethodsIt aims to achieve this objective through a navigation experiment that investigates three main factors: (1) Classification of Discussion Forum Posts: This involves how discussion forum posts are categorized or organized. (2) Design of Different Discussion Forum Patterns: The study explores the effectiveness of various discussion forum design patterns. (3) Evaluation of Learners’ Perspective: It assesses the learners’ experiences and viewpoints regarding the discussion forums. The study identifies a gap in prior research, where the learner’s perspective has often been neglected when examining discussion forum organization and usability in MOOCs.ResultsThe results of the study indicate that the redesigned discussion forum was successful in reducing the time required by learners to navigate and explore the discussion forum. This suggests that improvements in interactive user interfaces, design elements, usability, and time efficiency can enhance the design of asynchronous discussion forums in MOOCs. The study offers recommendations and insights that MOOC designers can implement to create more effective and engaging discussion forums. These recommendations are based on the identified features and design elements that are crucial for learner satisfaction and interaction efficiency. Implementing the study’s findings by considering learner perspectives, MOOC designers can enhance the overall quality of the learning process. This includes making the learning environment more engaging for both learners and instructors.DiscussionThe study contributes to the field of online education by emphasizing the importance of learner perspectives and offering practical guidance on optimizing the design, usability, and time efficiency of discussion forums in MOOCs. In summary, this study seeks to improve the design of asynchronous discussion forums in MOOCs by focusing on the learners’ perspective, usability, and efficiency. It not only identifies key factors but also provides recommendations for MOOC designers to enhance the learning experience and engagement within these online courses.

Sample composition and representativeness on Understanding Society

AbstractIn this paper, we provide an overview of the sample design of Understanding Society and the consequent nature of design weights as well as a description of procedures that are implemented in order to maximise participation by sample members and procedures that are implemented to produce non‐response adjustments to the design weights. We then present some indicators of sample representativeness at the initial wave and of the impact that subsequent sample attrition has on this before concluding with some reflections on the nature of representativeness and estimation methods in the context of a highly complex sample design and complex patterns of missing data arising from non‐response.

SSRNet: Scalable 3D Surface Reconstruction Network.

Learning-based surface reconstruction methods have received considerable attention in recent years due to their excellent expressiveness. However, existing learning-based methods lack scalability in processing large-scale point clouds. This paper proposes a novel scalable learning-based 3D surface reconstruction method based on octree, called SSRNet. SSRNet works in a scalable reconstruction pipeline, which divides oriented point clouds into different local parts and then processes them in parallel. Accommodating this scalable design pattern, SSRNet constructs local geometric features for octree vertices. Such features comprise the relation between the vertices and the implicit surface, ensuring geometric perception. Focusing on local geometric information also enables the network to avoid the overfitting problem and generalize well on different datasets. Finally, as a learning-based method, SSRNet can process large-scale point clouds in a short time. And to further solve the efficiency problem, we provide a lightweight and efficient version that is about five times faster while maintaining reconstruction performance. Experiments show that our methods achieve state-of-the-art performance with outstanding efficiency.

Scaling Digital Biomarker Discovery with the Cloud and Wearable Devices

AbstractBackgroundIn clinical trials and other disease research, biomarkers provide a valuable indication of drug performance and disease progression. Traditionally, these biomarkers may include genomic factors, lab test results, and more, but we now can easily expand into longitudinally collected digital biomarkers from consumer smart devices.MethodThe Amissa platform, built on the Microsoft Azure cloud, enables the collection of high frequency data from consumer smartwatches (such as the Apple Watch and Samsung Galaxy watch devices). The API‐driven cloud architecture enables secure sensor data collection including location, gyrometry/accelerometry, activity monitoring/pedometry, and biosensors such as oxygen saturation and heart rate. This solution allows for sub‐minute capture frequency while balancing device battery drain. The ISO 27001:2013‐compliant platform is globally scalable through an innovative cloud‐native design that ensures security and compliance.ResultCaregivers, researchers, and healthcare providers can now monitor loved ones/patients through consumer‐grade wearables, providing a cost‐effective, accurate, and flexible solution for biomarker discovery, data collection, and remote monitoring.ConclusionThe Amissa platform successfully enables digital biomarker development and helps to address disparities in clinical trials and research studies of underrepresented groups through decentralized data collection. Plus, the platform address security and privacy considerations while enables collaborative research participation and flexible study designs. Note: In this presentation, we will discuss the NIH‐funded work of Amissa and the cloud‐first approach taken to build the world’s first global‐scale platform for disease research using wearable devices. We will cover technical design patterns, considerations for privacy and security, the effect of decentralized data collection on addressing health disparities and inclusion in clinical trials, and the future of digital biomarker discovery in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.

Innovatively Preserving the Kelarai Weave Pattern Design through Photographic Documentation

The art of kelarai weaving is a local community heritage in Malaysia that has been passed down from generation to generation. The objective of study was to evaluate the art of kelarai weaving, which is a local community heritage in Malaysia. The study utilized a qualitative research approach, including interviews, observations, and documentation to collect data. The researchers selected experienced kelarai weavers from Kelantan, Terengganu, and Sarawak, Malaysia, to participate in the study. Results indicate the important of preserving local heritage and culture, which can provide valuable insights into the country's history and traditions. It can be concluded that photography is an innovative, effective, and cost-effective platform for preserving and promoting the art of kelarai weaving in Malaysia. Overall, photography contributes to preserve and promote traditional crafts and customs. Empirical evidence states that photography is an effective method of preserving Malay heritage. In future, kelarai woven can be preserve and promote through an innovative approach such as wall decorations, wood carvings and textiles.

Application of Fangsheng Pattern in Cultural and Creative Product Design

Application of Fangsheng Pattern in Cultural and Creative Product Design