Design Of Patch Antenna Array Research Articles

Design of a Circular Concentric Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for WI-FI Band Energy Harvesting

Design of a Circular Concentric Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for WI-FI Band Energy Harvesting

New microstrip patch antenna array design at 28 GHz millimeter-wave for fifth-generation application

<span lang="EN-US">This paper presents a study and an array design consisting of two microstrip patch antennas connected in series in a 2×1 form. This antenna provides better performance for the fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication system. The microstrip line feeding technique realizes the design of this antenna. This feed offers the best bandwidth, is easy to model, and has low spurious radiation. The distance between the feed line and the patch can adapt to the antenna’s impedance. In addition, the antenna array proposed in this paper is designed and simulated using the high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) simulation software at the operating frequency of 28 GHz for the 5G band. The support material used is Rogers RT/duroid® 5880, with relative permittivity of 2.2, a thickness of h=0.5 mm, and a loss tangent of 0.0009. The simulation results obtained in this research paper are as: reflection coefficient: -35.91 dB, standing wave ratio (SWR): 1.032, bandwidth: 1.43 GHz, gain: 9.42 dB, directivity: 9.47 dB, radiated power: 29.94 dBm, accepted the power: 29.99 dBm, radiation efficiency: 29.95, efficiency: 99.83%. This proposed antenna array has achieved better performance than other antenna arrays recently published in scientific journals regarding bandwidth, beam gain, reflection coefficient, SWR, radiated power, accepted power, and efficiency. Therefore, this antenna array will likely become an important competitor for many uses within the 5G wireless applications.</span>

Design of microstrip patch antenna element and array on quartz glass wafer with suspended cavity based on MEMS technology

Design of microstrip patch antenna element and array on quartz glass wafer with suspended cavity based on MEMS technology

Modeling the effect of bend radius on the performance of a conformal dual-band mm-wave patch antenna array

There is growing interest in the use of additive manufacturing for the fabrication of RF devices due to fast prototyping capabilities and the use of less material as opposed to traditional fabrication techniques. In addition to the previously mentioned advantages, the aerosol jet printing method in particular allows for the conformal printing of RF components. This work models the effect of the bend radius on the return loss and radiation pattern of a dual-band (28 GHz and 39 GHz) mm wave patch antenna array design that will be aerosol jet printed. The antenna is modeled on a 5-mil thick flexible substrate (PET) and the simulation is run from 27 GHz to 40 GHz using HFSS. The return loss and radiation pattern results of the antenna are compared for various bend radii (0.25 in to 2 in) of the conformal surface the antenna is to be printed upon. Simulation results show a maximum frequency deviation of about 400 MHz on the return loss for the low (28 GHz) frequency band of the antenna when it is bent from a bend radius of 0 in to 2 in.

Design of Microstrip Antennas Array for Wireless Applications by Using HFSS

The modern wireless communication desires high gain, wide bandwidth and minimal size antennas that are efficient to provide improved performance over a wide range of frequency spectrum. This requirement leads to the design of microstrip patch antenna. This paper presents the design of compact 1X2 microstrip patch antenna array which uses the corporate feed technique for excitation. The proposed antenna is designed on FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness 1.6mm. Dielectric constant and parameters like Return Loss, Gain and Radiation pattern are calculated using high frequency simulation software. The fabricated antennas results are to be compared with Simulation results. The antenna has been designed for the range 2.4 GHz. Keywords: Microstrip antenna, corporate feed, FR-4 substrate, Microstrip antenna array

Design of Wideband High-Gain Patch Antenna Array for High-Temperature Applications.

A low-profile, wideband, and high-gain antenna array, based on a novel double-H-shaped slot microstrip patch radiating element and robust against high temperature variations, is proposed in this work. The antenna element was designed to operate in the frequency range between 12 GHz and 18.25 GHz, with a 41.3% fractional bandwidth (FBW) and an obtained peak gain equal to 10.2 dBi. The planar array, characterized by a feed network with a flexible 1 to 16 power divider, comprised 4 × 4 antenna elements and generated a pattern with a peak gain of 19.1 dBi at 15.5 GHz. An antenna array prototype was fabricated, and the measurements showed good agreement with the numerical simulations as the manufactured antenna operated in the range of 11.4-17 GHz, with a 39.4% FBW, and the peak gain at 15.5 GHz was 18.7 dBi. The high-temperature simulated and experimental results, performed in a temperature chamber, demonstrated that the array performance was stable in a wide temperature range, from -50 °C to 150 °C.

Microstrip Patch Antenna Array Design for RF Energy Harvesting Applications

In recent years, with the rapid developments in the field of technology and the development of wireless communication systems; led to a noticeable increase in the number of portable, rechargeable and low-power devices. These electronic devices have become a necessity even in our simplest works, due to the increase in their number and variety; It is desired that the energy needs can be met continuously and quickly at a low cost. Batteries, which are non-renewable generators, provide the energy required for such low-power devices in the world. The increase in the tendency towards non-renewable energy sources leads to negative environmental and economic consequences. Therefore, it becomes important to turn to renewable energy sources and to work on it. Energy harvesting systems, which are an innovative energy source, are the best potential alternatives to collect the energy needed by the mentioned low-power devices. With the increase of different frequency bands such as GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, 3G, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max and LTE, RF energy harvesting is becoming quite common. In this paper, a printed multiband microstrip patch antenna is presented. Antenna design covers numerically calculated frequencies of 1.6dBi at 2.4GHz, 3.95dBi at 5.2GHz, gain values, and frequencies often used for electronic device communication such as Wi-Fi 2.4GHz and WiMAX. The proposed antenna design has allowable gain values to be used for RF energy harvesting applications.

2X2 & 4X4 dumbbell shape microstrip patch antenna array design for 5G Wi-Fi communication application

2X2 & 4X4 dumbbell shape microstrip patch antenna array design for 5G Wi-Fi communication application

5G wireless communication microstrip patch antenna array design with MIMO

5G wireless communication microstrip patch antenna array design with MIMO

New circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna array design for energy harvesting applications

This paper gives an essential contribution to the energy engineering topic, especially the energy harvesting field. Wireless power transmission (WPT) is one of the most widely used methods in this field recently to generate electricity in a clean way for the environment like the rectenna systems. The main component of the rectenna systems is the microstrip patch antenna (MPA). This is the main reason why this article proposes a novel conception of 1×4 circular polarized MPA array to operate in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at the resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz for radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) systems. The basic MPA element is a square antenna using a center slot and V-slits at the four corners combined with a defected ground structure (DGS) method. This proposed conception is developed in order to improve the antenna’s performance to integrate with a rectifier circuit for the Rectenna systems which are the most used systems in RFEH. The simulation results obtained by CST MWS software and HFSS solver show that this novel design in this paper gives good performances in terms of the reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio, axial ratio, directivity, and gain at 2.45 [GHz]. This developed MPA is suitable for various RFEH applications.

A Planar Patch Antenna Array Design with Reduced Mutual Coupling Using a Novel Absorber

A Planar Patch Antenna Array Design with Reduced Mutual Coupling Using a Novel Absorber

28 GHz Patch Antenna Array with Reduced Mutual Coupling for 5G Communications Systems

A 28 GHz patch antenna array with reduced mutual coupling for 5G communication systems is presented in this paper. Two elements antenna array was simulated with a periodic boundary to represent an infinity array. The antenna array is attached with a pair of the coupled directional coupler with a coupling value of -3.47 dB, and transmission lengths of 3.40 mm and 7.62 mm depending on the antenna array's magnitude and phase coefficient were designed and simulated. A reduced mutual coupling of -31.86 dB compared to -10.75 dB for an array without a decoupling network was observed. The wide scanning angle of ±180o was also achieved. These results were obtained under smaller antenna elements interspacing of 0.43 0. Moreover, the proposed antenna array design achieved a 3.32 GHz enhanced fractional bandwidth which is 11.8%. Generally, this work found that the combinatorial advantages of using the gap coupled insert feed technique and employing a pair of directional couplers develop the patch antenna array design with better performance.

Design and development of a graphene-based reconfigurable patch antenna array for THz applications

Abstract This paper presents a graphene-based antenna array for terahertz (THz) applications. The suggested antenna array has four radiating square shaped patches fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) technique. The proposed antenna array operates at the three frequencies with operational bandwidths of 1.173–1.210 THz (at 1.19 THz), 1.270–1.320 THz (at 1.3 GHz), and 1.368–1.346 THz (at 1.4 GHz). The total area of the antenna array is reported as 1000 × 1000 µm2, printed on a Silicon substrate with a thickness of 20 µm and a dielectric constant of ϵ r = 11.9. To enhance the structure’s performance and optimize the feeding network, a parametric analysis was performed using the FDTD technique. Furthermore, the key properties of the proposed antenna array, such as resonance frequency, peak gain, and radiation efficiency, may be changed by adjusting the chemical potentials of the graphene in the antenna array. The use of graphene’s chemical potential tuneability yields exceptional results comparing to the recent research outputs, with a peak gain and radiation efficiency of 10.45 dB and 70%, respectively. These results show the performance of the suggested design for constructing antenna arrays for use in THz applications.

Design and analysis of novel microstrip patch antenna array based on photonic crystal in THz

Design and analysis of novel microstrip patch antenna array based on photonic crystal in THz

Design of a Compact High Isolation 4-Element Wideband Patch Antenna Array for GNSS Applications

This work presents a compact (125 mm diameter) wideband four-element antenna array with a high isolation level for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) anti-jamming applications. The array consists of four identical right hand circularly polarized (RHCP) single feed rectangular patch antennas that can cover BeiDou B1 band (1559.05 – 1563.15 MHz), GPS L1 band (1563 – 1587 MHz), Galileo E1 band (1559 – 1591 MHz), and GLONASS G1 band (1593 – 1610 MHz). The proposed array has a wide frequency bandwidth of 100 MHz (1.55 – 1.65 GHz) with an axial ratio of less than 3 dB. The patch antenna elements are designed on a substrate that has a high dielectric constant to achieve a compact size. The size of each patch element is only 32 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 32\times5.08$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . These patches are placed along the circumference of a circular aluminium ground plane of 125 mm diameter and 1.5 mm thickness in a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> symmetrical arrangement. The edge-to-edge distance between the opposite patch elements is only 48 mm while for the adjacent elements the separation is only 27 mm. A microwave absorber material is employed to achieve an extremely low mutual coupling level over a wide frequency range (1.55 – 1.65 GHz) within a compact form factor. The proposed design achieves a mutual coupling of less than −20 dB within a compact overall form factor of 125 mm diameter over the entire band of interest. The simulated and measured results of reflection coefficient, mutual coupling, null steering, null depth, and radiation pattern show that the proposed antenna array is an excellent choice for multiband GNSS applications.

Rectenna Design for Enhanced Node Lifetime in Energy Harvesting WSNs

In a scenario where every possible solution is investigated for sustainability, Energy Harvesting (EH) stands as an undisputed candidate for enhancing the network lifetime in WSNs where node lifetime decides the network’s life. Radio Frequency (RF) energy is abundantly available in the ambience among all the available energy sources. Since both information and power are transmitted in an RF signal, EH is possible in the far-field region. At first, we present a novel 4-element rectangular Patch Antenna Array (PAA) design of EH rectenna. The receiving antenna is designed to pick up the radio signal in the RF range (2.45 GHz) from the free space. Then, the H-shape antenna is modified by introducing a circular slot to enhance the bandwidth. The paper compares the results of the basic parameters of the antenna, such as return loss, input impedance, bandwidth, gain, directivity, and efficiency. As a result, the modified H-shaped antenna (with circular slot) has an increased gain from 8.24 dB to 8.32 dB, with a reduced return loss from -10 dB to -16 dB and enhanced bandwidth from 64.8 MHz to 868 MHz. The high gain, large bandwidth, suitably matched impedance for a minor return loss, and high efficiency of the modified H-shaped patch antenna makes it eligible for energy harvesting application.

Light-weight wideband antenna array with low sidelobes for SAR applications

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to achieve the low-cost, light-weight and compact antenna array with wide bandwidth and low side lobe levels for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications in Ku frequency band.Design/methodology/approachA compact design of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna array using multilayered dielectric structure is presented in Ku-band for advanced broadband SAR systems. In this design, stepped pins are used to connect the microstrip feed lines to the radiating patches.FindingsThe simulation and fabrication results of the multilayered antenna and a 1×16-element linear array of the antenna with Taylor amplitude distribution in the feeding network are presented. The antenna element has a 10-dB impedance bandwidth of more than 26%, and the linear array shows reduction in bandwidth percentage (about 15.4%). Thanks to Taylor amplitude tapering, the side lobe level (SLL) of the array is lower than −24 dB. The maximum measured gains of the antenna element and the linear array are 7 and 19.2 dBi at the center frequency, respectively.Originality/valueIn the communication systems, a high gain narrow beamwidth radiation pattern achieved by an array of multiple antenna elements with optimized spacing is a solution to overcome the path loss, atmospheric loss, polarization loss, etc. Also, wideband characteristics and compact size are desirable in satellite and SAR systems. This paper provides the combination of these features by microstrip structures.

Double Meander Dipole Antenna Array with Enhanced Bandwidth and Gain

In this paper, a new design of high gain and wide bandwidth microstrip patch antenna array containing double meander dipole structure is proposed. Two in-phase resonant frequencies in the Ku-band (12–18 GHz) could be achieved in the double meander dipole array structure, which lead to enhance impedance bandwidth without costing extra design section. Besides, further enhanced gain of 2 dBi of the array over the entire operating frequency range has been achieved by introducing a double-layer substrate technique. The proposed antenna has been fabricated using the E33 model LPKF prototyping PCB machine. The measurement results have been performed, and they are in very good agreement with the simulation results. The measured –10 dB impedance bandwidth indicates that the array provides a very wide bandwidth which is around 30% at the center frequency of 15.5 GHz. A stable gain with a peak value of 10 dBi is achieved over the operating frequency range. The E- and H-plane radiation patterns are simulated, and a very low sidelobe level is predicted. The proposed antenna is simple and has relatively low-profile, and it could be a good candidate for millimeter wave communications.

Designing an 8-Shaped Slotted Array Antenna with 2x4 Configuration for Improved Ultra-Wideband Performance : A Simulation-based Approach

The article is about the design, simulation, and characterization of a 2x4 slotted microstrip patch antenna array that is optimized for operation in the S and C frequency bands. The antenna exhibits excellent performance with low reflection, good impedance matching, high gain, and low signal loss. The paper includes plots demonstrating the antenna's performance, indicating that it is suitable for a wide range of applications requiring high-performance antenna arrays. The research contributes to the development of slotted microstrip patch antenna arrays for ultra-wideband applications and highlights the importance of optimization in antenna design. Overall, the article provides valuable insights into the design and performance of antenna arrays, offering a useful reference for future research and development in this field.

Design of Wideband Antenna Array for WiMax Application

Abstract: The evolution of wireless communication system has led path for innovative antenna design specifically in wideband antenna for WiMax application. In this paper design and simulation of microstrip wideband circular patch antenna array operating between 2GHz to 4Ghz is presented. The circular patch antenna is designed to operate at 3GHz line feed and the ground is itched to achieve required wideband characteristics. The simulation is carried out in EM Flow solver, High Frequency Structure Simulator software. For a single patch antenna, the return loss, lesser than -10dB throughout the bandwidth. Later an antenna array is operating between 2GHz to 4GHz frequency is designed and simulated. The return loss is lesser than -12dBi throughout the band and a peak gain is 14.7dBi. Keywords: Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA), High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).