Design Of Optical System Research Articles

High-resolution terrain imager development and performance evaluation for lunar exploration.

The Lunar Terrain Imager (LUTI) is a crucial scientific instrument aboard the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter. We present an analysis of the optical design, assembly, and performance of the LUTI camera system. We outline the key components and technical specifications of the cameras and detail the assembly and alignment process, including collimator calibration and the knife-edge scanning technique for modulation transfer function measurements. Furthermore, the thermal vacuum optical performance of the LUTI is evaluated by simulating space conditions. The optical design, assembly, and thermal vacuum performance testing make the system valuable for high-resolution lunar surface imaging and future space exploration missions.

Assorted optical soliton solutions of the nonlinear fractional model in optical fibers possessing beta derivative

The nonlinear Chen-Lee-Liu (CLL) equation is an important mathematical model that is employed in the evaluation of optical fiber communication systems. It considers several factors such as noise, dispersion, and nonlinearity that might affect the signal quality and data transmission rates in optical fiber networks. The design of optical fiber systems may be optimized by using the CLL model. In this paper, we have examined adequate soliton solutions that can be applied to the optics of the CLL model with a beta derivative utilizing the auxiliary equation and advanced generalized -expansion approaches. The bell-shaped, periodic, and other soliton-like properties are displayed in the numerical simulations of the resultant solutions and the necessary forms demonstrated the structure, propagation, and impact of the fractional parameter. The findings of this study show that the applied methodologies are dependable, effective, and competent to create optical soliton solutions for additional complex wave equations in optical fiber communication.

Spatial frequency shift super-resolution imaging based on quasiperiodic grating and deep learning.

In this study, we propose a pioneering spatially frequency-shifted super-resolution microscopy technique that utilizes the synergy of quasiperiodic gratings and deep learning. First, a quasiperiodic grating capable of converting evanescent waves into propagating waves is designed. The grating is positioned between the object under investigation and the objective lens, and the high-frequency information carried by the evanescent waves in the near-field region of the object is shifted into the detection window and becomes accessible in the far field for imaging. Subsequently, we provide two deep learning models for image and video reconstructions to achieve the reconstruction of static and dynamic samples respectively. Simulation results demonstrate the high feasibility of the proposed method, and both static and dynamic objects with sub-wavelength features can be resolved. The developed method paves the way to the realization of super-resolution imaging by using a traditional bright-field microscope without the need for an extensive optical system design.

Jitter error evaluation in large-aperture optical telescopes based on normalized point source sensitivity

To comprehensively analyze the jitter error in large-aperture optical telescopes, this paper introduces normalized point source sensitivity (PSSn) to evaluate the telescope system. First, the concept and basic properties of PSSn were introduced, and then the jitter error under expected random loads and the contribution percentage of each mode to the total jitter were analyzed through a model. The PSSn of the system under the influence of different error sources was studied, and its variation trend was estimated. A comparison of evaluation methods, such as the Strehl ratio, and the proposed method reflects the characteristics of more accurate data and a more concise calculation. The jitter error evaluation method proposed in this article, combined with PSSn, provides practical and beneficial guidance for the design and detection of large-aperture optical telescope systems.

Off-the-shelf optical systems design enabled by an evolution strategy: front stop case

Commercial off-the-shelf optics enable economic and rapid solutions in the photonics industry and academia. However, the design of optical systems with off-the-shelf optics is a time-consuming task for experienced optical designers and hopeless for novice designers. In this paper, we propose an automatic optical design tool to generate optical systems using only off-the-shelf optical components without human assistance. Our solution is based on an evolution strategy (ES) that performs a discrete combinatorial optimization following optical design-based methodologies that satisfy user-defined specifications. Unlike the conventional methods, the algorithm decreases the design process time and provides optical designers with several optical solutions from where to choose and adapt for targeted applications. In this work, the ES is described and tested with front stop optical configurations. We demonstrate the broad solution domain of the algorithm through the generation of optical systems with F-numbers within a range F/1 to F/90 and field of views up to 300 mm at the image plane. To analyze the solution domain and the characteristics of the solution, we used the design specifications of 29 commercially available scan lenses and compared the performance of different ES parameters. The compatibility of our algorithm with (standard) commercially available optical design software unlocks automatic design tools for off-the-shelf optical systems.

Optical system design based on DMD and triple-pass TIR prism for asteroid exploration.

After entering the 21st century, asteroid exploration has become one of the key research directions in the field of deep space exploration. In this article, we present a navigation, imaging, and hyperspectral acquisition integrated optical system designed for asteroid exploration. Based on the pixel-level light modulation capability of the digital micromirror device (DMD), this system introduces a triple-pass total internal reflection (TIR) prism to overcome the limitation of small DMD deflection angles, achieving the co-aperture design of the high-resolution imaging branch and the hyperspectral acquisition branch. In view of the actual usage scenarios, we design a new triple-pass TIR prism and optimize it, correcting the on-axis point coma and astigmatism it introduces, and designing it to be lightweight and compact. Compared to existing optical systems for asteroid exploration, this system offers advantages such as compact structure, no moving parts, high spatial resolution, high spectral resolution, and more flexible imaging modes.

A digital-twin and rapid optimization framework for optical design of indoor farming systems

A digital-twin and rapid optimization framework for optical design of indoor farming systems

General relations for optical design parameters under diffraction limited paraxial imaging

We searched for fundamental relationships among general optical system parameters assuming diffraction limited imaging in paraxial space. We demonstrated that the total twelve optical system parameters describing the optical imaging problem are unambiguously determined with a set of four of them. This holds for a diffraction condition, where the image permitted blur is of the same size for both the spot due to defocus and the diffraction spot. Depending on the combinations of the four input parameters there can be found up to 314 different optical system design approaches to fully describe the diffraction limited imaging problem. We demonstrated eight examples of optical system design approaches using different combinations of input parameters. It can be helpful for optical designers to decide if diffraction limited imaging is feasible for the desired combination of optical imaging system parameters. With the reduction of the optical system to a thin lens approximation, the number of the optical system parameters describing the optical imaging problem decreases to eight and its unambiguous determination is possible with a set of only three of these parameters. It provides, up to 54 optical system design approaches based on different combinations of input parameters.

Design of Bessel Beam Scanning Optical System for Laser Beam Machining

Design of Bessel Beam Scanning Optical System for Laser Beam Machining

Electronic frequency shifting enables long, variable working distance optical coherence tomography.

Increased imaging range is of growing interest in many applications of optical coherence tomography to reduce constraints on sample location, size, and topography. The design of optical coherence tomography systems with sufficient imaging range (e.g., 10s of centimeters) is a significant challenge due to the direct link between imaging range and acquisition bandwidth. We have developed a novel and flexible method to extend the imaging range in optical coherence tomography using electronic frequency shifting, enabling imaging in dynamic environments. In our approach, a laser with a quasi-linear sweep is used to limit the interferometric bandwidth, enabling decoupling of imaging range and acquisition bandwidth, while a tunable lens allows dynamic refocusing in the sample arm. Electronic frequency shifting then removes the need for high frequency digitization. This strategy is demonstrated to achieve high contrast morphological imaging over a > 21 cm working distance range, while maintaining high resolution and phase sensitivity. The system design is flexible to the application while requiring only a simple phase correction in post-processing. By implementing this approach in an auto-focusing paradigm, the proposed method demonstrates strong potential for the translation of optical coherence tomography into emerging applications requiring variable and centimeter-scale imaging ranges.

Customizable miniaturized SPR instrument

Prism-based surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) system, as one of the leading candidate concepts for scale application and commercial solution, has good stability, high-sensitivity and greater theoretical/technical maturity. Therefore, to take advantage of prism-based SPR system fully, and break up limitations of complicated and bulky traditional prism-based SPR system, optimal and compact design of optical system is an effective solution. Herein, a customizable miniaturized prism-based SPR system is developed by optical system optimization and integrated design, combining portable data acquisition and processing technology (FPGA-based multifunctional data processing). This proposed prism-based SPR system can achieve a miniaturized SPR system, thus, it also can meet the requirements of flexibility configuration and customizable performance to accommodate the various needs of different users and application scenes. Additionally, the customizable features can make it to achieve the best performance optimization and differentiation.

Design and performance investigation of a coherent optical system based multi-band OFDM with various indexes

Abstract In this work, a comprehensive study of a multi-band optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OOFDM) system is investigated. Different OFDM indexes (128,256,512, and 1024) are utilized with the coherent detection CD technique. High-order modulation 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) is used to obtain high spectral efficiency. Transmission studies indicated that 128 subcarriers with 2-bands exhibit a higher optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of 23 dB with lower bit error rate (BER) of 1 × 10−4, while 1024 subcarriers with 8-bands shows a lower OSNR of 22 dB with a higher BER of 3 × 10−3. Even though the higher subcarrier type has the lowest BER, it provides a superior solution when combined with wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) in the presence of forward error correction (FEC). The performance of the system with 40 Gbps along 800 km of uncompensated fiber has designed and simulated using Optisystem software.

Quiescent Optical Solitons for the Concatenation Model Having Nonlinear Chromatic Dispersion with Differential Group Delay

This study recovers quiescent optical solitons within a complex concatenation model featuring nonlinear chromatic dispersion and differential group delay. It employs the sine-Gordon equation approach and the projective Riccati equation scheme. The results include the successful recovery of soliton solutions and the identification of parameter restrictions for their existence. The novelty lies in the application of these methods to this specific problem, offering valuable insights for optical communication system design.

Analysis of Effect of Input Power and RF Optical Signal Rate on Optical Communication System with OOK-NRZ Modulation

This study analyzed optical and RF signals in optical communication systems using the On-Off Keying Non-Return to Zero (OOK-NRZ) modulation method and the direct-detection receiver model with PIN photodiodes. In this study, a simulation was carried out using Python software. Changes in optical modulation input power and Symbol rate (Rs) were explored to understand their effect on signal characteristics. Models of ideal photodiodes (noiseless) and noisy photodiodes (considering thermal noise, shot noise, and bandwidth constraints) were used to compare receiver signals. The eye diagram analysis was employed to visualize receiver signal variation in a given time span. The results of this analysis provide a better understanding of the influence of changes in input power and symbol rate on optical communication systems through the OOK-NRZ method and insight into the characteristics of the receiving signal under realistic conditions. This study is able to provide guidance for the design and evaluation of optical communication systems using OOK-NRZ modulation and direct detection receivers.

Modeling and design of high-sensitivity dual optical feedback interferometry measurement system enhanced by period-one dynamics

Laser optical feedback interferometry (OFI) is a unique one-channel interferometric measurement technology with the advantages of compact structure, low implementation cost and easy alignment. However, it has a critical challenge that the visibility of interference fringe is often low and further induces low measurement sensitivity, especially in occasions when the optical feedback strength is feeble, e.g., biomedical and fluid detection. Recently, it has been demonstrated that period-one (P1) dynamics can enhance the measurement sensitivity by introducing extra optical feedback to form a dual optical feedback interferometry (DOFI) system. However, the details of the enhancement mechanism and how to design such a system are still required to unveil. In this paper, comprehensive discussions of designing a DOFI system with high measurement sensitivity enhanced by P1 dynamics are presented. First, based on the modified Lang-Kobayashi equations, a mathematical sensing model of a DOFI system working in P1 state was established. Then, simulations were carried out to verify the validity of the proposed model. After that, factors that determine the sensitivity enhancement were analyzed, based on which, theoretical analysis of achieving optimal sensitivity enhancement was performed. Next, we discussed the operation region of a DOFI system in P1 state and investigated the influence of the system parameters on the operation region. At last, experiments were conducted to verify the theoretical analyses. The results of this work provide helpful guidance for the construction of high-sensitivity DOFI sensing and measurement systems.

Structural optical design of multi-group, high zoom ratio optical systems

In this paper, we propose a method for the structural optical design of multi-group, high zoom ratio optical systems based on matrix optics and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. This method effectively addresses the problems of initial structural calculation difficulties, large volume, and unsmooth zoom curves with large inflection points in high zoom ratio optical systems. To design the zoom optical system, the matrix equations of the multi-group zoom system are derived using geometric optics; and a mathematical model is built to solve the initial structural parameters of the zoom system based on the matrix. Then, a new fitness function is introduced as an indicator to iteratively optimize the initial structural parameters of the system in multi-dimensional space, considering factors such as maximum zoom ratio, total optical length, and full field of view angle. Finally, this method is validated in two complex optical system designs including a 20x four-group and a 35x five-group zoom optical system, showing strong retrieval capabilities. Independent of traditional trial-and-error investigations for solutions, our method facilitates the automatic intelligent design of complex optical systems.

Signal detection of large scale MIMO physical layer space optical communication system based on genetic algorithm

In order to understand the signal detection design of large-scale MIMO physical layer spatial optical communication systems, the author proposes a research on signal detection of large-scale MIMO physical layer spatial optical communication systems based on genetic algorithms. Firstly, the author introduces the basic principles of large-scale MIMO physical layer spatial optical communication systems, analyzes signal detection issues and their challenges. Secondly, a nitty gritty acquaintance was given with hereditary calculation and its application in signal recognition. A genetic algorithm-based signal detection technology scheme was developed for MIMO-OFDM systems. The GA algorithm was contrasted with the ML algorithm and the BLAST algorithm to comprehend its performance. The following parameters served as the foundation for the outcomes of the simulation: The quantity of subcarriers in OFDM is K = 18, and the quantity of images sent per transporter is 165; Additionally, simulation was used to demonstrate how the genetic algorithm affected the MIMO-OFDM system's signal detection. Subsequent to concentrating on the location calculations in MIMO-OFDM frameworks, hereditary calculations are applied to flag discovery in MIMO-OFDM frameworks, to accomplish a decent split the difference among execution and computational intricacy.

Design and performance analysis of optical communication system utilizing optical chaos

Design and performance analysis of optical communication system utilizing optical chaos

Design of low polarization off-axis three-mirror reflective optical systems.

Off-axis optical systems have several important advantages over on-axis ones. However, high polarization aberrations, which play important roles in many applications, become critical disadvantages of off-axis systems. Thanks to the seven free design parameters, three-mirror reflective systems have a good potential to achieve low polarization. A general method to design low polarization off-axis three-mirror reflective optical systems is proposed in this paper. Based on genetic algorithms, several off-axis three-mirror systems with both low polarization aberrations and good wave aberrations are designed. The method proposed in this paper is versatile and can be used to design other types of optical systems that demand low polarization aberrations.

Novel strategy to optimize luminance for phosphor-converted laser lighting

Phosphor-converted white laser diodes (pc-wLDs) are a new development in high-luminance white light sources. However, the optical design and material evaluation methods of the pc-wLD system have been facing a long-neglected problem which is associated with the lack of understanding the selecting principle of the incident laser spot area (ILSA). The ILSA design affects the optical/thermal load on the phosphor(s) and the emitting area and beam quality of the luminaire. Here, we present a comprehensive evaluation of canonical phosphors (Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ and (Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu2+) on the optical/thermal properties, using an excitation laser with wide range laser power (0.1 W–16 W) and ILSA (0.023 mm2–4.780 mm2). The relationship between the lighting parameters (luminous efficacy, luminous flux and luminous exitance), temperature increase and the ILSA is elucidated, showing that the optimal ILSAs for different phosphors can be significantly different: the Y3Al5O12:Ce3+-based light source attains the highest luminous exitance with ILSA of 0.41 mm2; in contrast, the (Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu2+-based light source attains highest luminous exitance with ILSA of 0.023 mm2. These new finding will not only impact the material selection and optical design of pc-wLD, but also provide new strategy to optimize the lighting parameters of pc-wLD.