Design Of MIMO Antenna Research Articles

Design of Three-band Two-port MIMO Antenna for 5G and Future 6G Applications Based on Fence-shaped Decoupling Structure

Design of Three-band Two-port MIMO Antenna for 5G and Future 6G Applications Based on Fence-shaped Decoupling Structure

Design of Six Element MIMO Antenna with Enhanced Gain for 28/38 GHz mm-Wave 5G Wireless Application

The fifth-generation (5G) wireless technology is the most recent standardization in communication services of interest across the globe. The concept of Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output antenna (MIMO) systems has recently been incorporated to operate at higher frequencies without limitations. This paper addresses, design of a high-gain MIMO antenna that offers a bandwidth of 400 MHz and 2.58 GHz by resonating at 28 and 38 GHz, respectively for 5G millimeter (mm)-wave applications. The proposed design is developed on a RT Duroid 5880 substrate with a single elemental dimension of 9.53 × 7.85 × 0.8 mm3. The patch antenna is fully grounded and is fed with a 50-ohm stepped impedance microstrip line. It also has an I-shaped slot and two electromagnetically coupled parasitic slotted components. This design is initially constructed as a single-element structure and proceeded to a six-element MIMO antenna configuration with overall dimensions of 50 × 35 × 0.8 mm3. The simulated prototype is fabricated and measured for analyzing its performance characteristics, along with MIMO antenna diversity performance factors making the proposed antenna suitable for 5G mm-wave and 5G-operated handheld devices.

A Miniaturized Ultra-wideband MIMO Antenna Design with Dual-band Notched Characteristics

A Miniaturized Ultra-wideband MIMO Antenna Design with Dual-band Notched Characteristics

A Compact Dual-band Octal Patch Loaded with Bow-tie Parasitic MIMO Antenna Design for 5G mm-Wave Wireless Communication

A Compact Dual-band Octal Patch Loaded with Bow-tie Parasitic MIMO Antenna Design for 5G mm-Wave Wireless Communication

Double Negative (DNG) Metamaterial-Based Koch Fractal MIMO Antenna Design for Sub-6-GHz V2X Communication

Double Negative (DNG) Metamaterial-Based Koch Fractal MIMO Antenna Design for Sub-6-GHz V2X Communication

Microstrip MIMO antenna design with self-improved optimisation strategy

Microstrip MIMO antenna design with self-improved optimisation strategy

MIMO ANTENNA ARRAY WITH DIRECTIONAL DIAGRAM SPREAD FOR 5G SMARTPHONES

Multiple-input/multiple-output technology can exponentially increase the data transfer rate and spectrum efficiency without any need of increasing the transmission power and bandwidth. It is the most promising technology to be used in the upcoming 5G communications. To be more accurate, the fourth generation smartphones are set to use the long-term evolution MIMO technology and operate in multi-bands. Therefore, MIMO antennas are to use in future portable devices such as mobile handsets and tablets. A new multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design is introduced for future smartphones. The proposed design contains four pairs of double-fed circular-ring resonators located at different edges of the smartphone printed circuit board (PCB) with an FR-4 substrate and a dimension of 75 × 150 mm2. The antenna elements are fed by 50-Ohm microstriplines and provide polarisation and radiation pattern diversity function due to the orthogonal placement of their feed lines. By inserting a rectangular slot under each microstrip feed-line, the mutual coupling characteristic of the antenna ports is reduced. A good frequency bandwidth (S11 ≤ − 10 dB) of 3.3–3.9 GHz has been obtained for the smartphone antenna array. Nevertheless, for S11 ≤ −6 dB, this value is 3.1–4.3 GHz. More than 3 dB realised gain and 80% total efficiency are achieved for the single element radiator. The design provides not only sufficient radiation coverage supporting different sides of the mainboard but also the polarisation diversity. In addition, sufficient properties are obtained in the vicinity of human-hand/human-head. The proposed MIMO antenna design is also capable to generate dual- or multi-band function. Moreover, a new and compact phased array millimeter-wave (mm-wave) antenna design with end-fire radiation beams is introduced which can be easily integrated into smartphones.

MIMO Antenna Array in 5G Communication

The main topics of this study are the fundamental operation of a MIMO antenna array and the benefits of using MIMO technology for 5G communication. Three significant works are recognized as benchmarks by outlining the component sets and spatial reuse that designers should consider in MIMO antenna design. For 5G low and medium frequencies, these include an 8x8 large-scale MIMO antenna array and a circular binary MIMO antenna array. In these designs, the design of the MIMO antenna array will be carried out based on the introduction of the design and parameter selection of the antenna array elements as a priority. Additionally, this study conducts a performance analysis of a multi-cell, Massive MIMO antenna array system, which serves as a high reference point for the Analysis of this system. Numerous possible application domains exist for the study object of this work, including hotspot situations and 3D coverage scenarios. Campus, shopping malls, and halls are examples of hotspot environments.

Design of Compact Multiband MIMO Antenna Based on Ground Neutralization Line Decoupling

A compact, multiband two-port MIMO antenna is proposed in this paper for various wireless transmission networks, where the overall size of the antenna is only 30 × 20 × 1.6 mm3. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of two radiating patches, each of which comprises a semicircle and a semi-regular hexagon, as well as the surface-etched C-slot and U-slot to tailor the antenna’s return loss characteristics. In proposed antenna, a parasitic branch forms when the ground plane’s meandering branches are symmetrically distributed. On one hand, it can increase the ground plane’s effective area and enhance the antenna’s return loss characteristics. A neutralization line, on the other hand, is generated, thereby limiting the current transmission on the ground plane. A cross-shaped slit in the ground’s center is also employed to further promote isolation between the radiation elements. According to obtained results, the antenna can cover the frequency bands 0.67-7.29 GHz, 8.07-12.11 GHz, 14.07-15.41 GHz, and 16.04-22 GHz (S11<−10 dB). Moreover, an RF isolation larger than 18 dB exists between the two ports. Lastly, in terms of ECC, DG, TARC, CCL, and MEG, the diversity performances are all satisfactory.

Design of low profile, compact, high gain and broadband metasurface-based MIMO antenna for 5G/WiMAX/WLAN applications

ABSTRACT We have presented two-port MIMO antenna designs with low-profile material. Two different MIMO antenna designs are prepared and investigated to observe their effect on the gain, bandwidth, etc. The designs are prepared based on metasurface concepts with one design having a circular ring metasurface design and second having circular disk metasurface design. The designs are showing broadband response covering frequency range of 1.85 GHz to 4.27 GHz. The bandwidth of 2.320 GHz is achieved for this metasurface MIMO antenna design. The gain and directivity results show that highest gain of 5.88 dB and directivity of 6.39 dB are achieved with circular ring metasurface MIMO antenna design. Both metasurface MIMO antenna designs are fabricated, and measured results are also provided to verify the simulation results. The broadband and high gain design are applicable for 5G communication, WiMAX and WLAN applications.

A Micro 4-port THz MIMO antenna for nano communication networks

This paper proposes a micro nature inspired UWB 4-port MIMO antenna design with dimensions of 45μm × 45μmăoperating from (2.38–11.18) THz and 130% impedance bandwidth realised on a 2μm thick polyamide substrate. Each radiator is made by superimposing self-similar elliptic structures to create a palmate leaf-like pattern that ensures wideband response. The ground topology is made up of semi-elliptic orthogonal reflectors connected to a center-fed annular circle with rotationally symmetrical parasitic stubs that operate as an isolator, resonator, and neutralizer. The antenna elements are ordered orthogonally with an inter-element distance of d0 = 0.05λ0 (λ0 is the lowest working wavelength at 2.38 THz) and an inter-element port isolation distance of d0 = 0.05λ0. The parasitic stub inclusion increases the lower/higher band 10-dB impedance matching response, and the proposed ground structure has good isolation coefficients (18−22)dB. An equivalent circuit model with R-L-C lumped elements was modelled and simulated to validate. In both indoor and outdoor propagation environments, the MIMO diversity parameters (Envelope channel coefficient (ECC), Total active reflection coefficient (TARC), Diversity gain (DG), Channel capacity loss (CCL), Mean effective gain (MEG), and Multiplexing efficiency) show good characteristics to leverage. The suggested MIMO antenna can be employed for THz band and molecular/nano communication networks owing to its radiation performances (realised gain of > 8 dBi with > 60% radiation efficiency).

Design of a Novel Circularly Polarized MIMO Antenna with Enhanced Isolation for Ultra-wideband Communication

In this paper, we propose a circularly polarized (CP) ultra-wideband (UWB) MIMO antenna. Compared with common linearly polarized (LP) UWB antenna, the proposed antenna can excite circular polarization (CP) mode for WLAN communication and its impedance bandwidth can also fully cover UWB spectrum. It consists of identical circularly polarized antennas. Each unit adopts circular monopole with extended orthogonal rectangle patch to realize broadband and symmetrical rectangular ground with slot in the diagonal of each antenna unit to achieve circular polarization for WLAN band. It has a very compact size and the dimension is 25 × 51 × 0.8 mm3. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is from 3.1 GHz to 13.5 GHz, with average gain of 4 dBi, fully covering UWB bandwidth and enhanced by 38%. At the same time, circular polarization is achieved by embedding two symmetrical rectangular slot structures in the two opposite corners of every antenna unit. The extended orthogonal rectangle patch is introduced to enhance impedance bandwidth and broaden axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. The measured 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is 1.8 GHz (4.7-6.5 GHz), fully covering WLAN band. Meanwhile, the slit slot between antenna units and rectangular openings are introduced to achieve high isolation. The proposed antenna keeps ECC (envelope correlation coefficient) below 0.01, which showing good isolation and diversity characteristics. The proposed antenna can simultaneously operate in the UWB spectrum and exhibit circularly polarized (CP) radiation characteristic in WLAN.

Analysis of path loss and channel capacity in quad element MIMO antenna for terahertz communication systems

AbstractA quad element multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with improved impedance bandwidth of 0.126 THz (0.198–0.324 THz) by using defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed for terahertz applications. The four elements are placed orthogonally to one another to reduce mutual coupling and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC). The maximum isolation of the proposed MIMO antenna is 34 dB at 0.290 THz frequency. The diversity performance characteristics of the proposed antenna are studied in terms of ECC, diversity gain (DG), mean effective gain (MEG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and isolation between the ports, and the obtained values are 0.05, 9.9, 3, −5, −10, respectively. Each antenna has a peak gain of 4.4 dBi with an average radiation efficiency of 92.5%. The proposed MIMO antenna is designed on a Rogers RO4003 substrate having a dielectric constant of 3.55, and a loss tangent of 0.0027 with a dimension of m3. Further analyses of path loss in free space, atmospheric absorption, and roughness factor in indoor surfaces for THz communication are also studied. The designed MIMO antenna is suitable for high‐speed short distance communication, video‐rate imaging, biomedical imaging, sensing, and security scanning in the THz frequency band.

Compact 8 × 8 MIMO Antenna Design for 5G Terminals

In this paper, a compact 8 × 8 MIMO antenna design for 5G terminals is proposed. The 8 × 8 MIMO antenna consists of two quad-element antenna pairs, each of which includes two symmetrical T-shaped monopole mode elements and two symmetrical edge-coupled fed dipole mode elements. The size of the quad-element antenna is 38 × 7 × 0.8 mm3. T-shaped monopoles are decoupled by parasitic elements, and dipoles are decoupled by grounding strips. Meanwhile, both T-shaped monopoles and dipoles are also decoupled by the orthogonal mode. The results show that the operating frequency band of each antenna element meets the requirement of 3.4–3.6 GHz, the reflection coefficient is less than −6 dB, and the isolation between any antenna element is more than 10 dB. The antenna radiation efficiency is over 50% in the entire operating frequency band for the 8 × 8 MIMO system.

Design of Compact Planar Monopole UWB MIMO Antenna with Four Orthogonal Elements and Tapered Fed Configuration for Wireless Diversity Applications

In this paper, we introduce a four-port self-isolated UWB MIMO antenna for diversity applications. First, we have developed a basic radiating element of the proposed antenna in four stages of design, where patches of geometrically different shapes were added at each stage to arrive at the final radiator form. The antenna was designed on an FR-4 substrate with a compact size of 28 × 28 × 1.6 mm3. A tapered microstrip feeding was employed to enhance the antenna’s impedance matching. An orthogonal arrangement of the four radiators was adopted to mitigate the mutual coupling between them, avoiding the use of a separate isolation structure. A prototype was built and measured with a close agreement between the experimental and simulated results. The MIMO antenna performed well in the entire frequency spectrum of 3.1–10.6 GHz, with an isolation better than 20 dB. The measured envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) was less than 0.001, the diversity gain (DG) was greater than 0.99 dB, and the total active reflection coefficient (TARC) was less than −10 dB. The performance of the proposed antenna design was compared with existing designs. The comparison showed that the proposed quad-element UWB MIMO array is compact, has good isolation and diversity performance compared to existing designs, and is well-suited for wireless diversity applications.

Antenna MIMO 4 Elemen Untuk Komunikasi 5G pada Frekuensi 3.5 GHZ

Cellular communication technology is experiencing rapid development with the arrival of 5G. This generation targets an increase in data rates and better capacity than the previous generation. MIMO is a technique that can be used to improve the performance of 5G communications. The frequency used this time is the middle frequency because it is considered more likely to be used as a 5G service frequency in Indonesia and has a larger coverage so as to save network development costs. In this study, the design and realization of a four-element MIMO antenna for 5G communication at a frequency of 3.5 GHz was carried out. The antenna used this time is a four-element MIMO antenna that has a monopole-based patch form which is then miniaturized so that the antenna has smaller dimensions. This design produces parameters, such as Return Loss on element one of -10.513 dB, for element two of -10.215 dB, for element three of -17.229 dB, and for element four of -14 dB. The value of element one is 1.84, element two is 1.31, element three is 1.31, and element four is 1.49. Bandwidth value ≥ 1500 MHz, and Mutual Coupling value ≤ -19.254 dB.

Time Domain Based Compact Dual Band MIMO Antenna System for LTE Smartphone Applications

The design of an eight-port MIMO antenna at the sub-6-GHz(LTE 42/43 and 46)bands for fifth-generation(5G) smartphone is presented. First,based on the Babinet’s principle, a microstrip slope antenna (MSA) is designed from its counterpart complementary structure, microstrip patch antenna (MPA) to operate over the LTE 46 band. The IFAs are additionally equipped with a parasitic radiating element that allows them to operate at the specific three LTE bands,a proposed single antenna, namely RMS, is achieved. For MIMO operation, two antennas are mounted on a practical PCB (100–40). When shifting their location on the PCB, several antenna layouts are tested. Simulated and experimental results are conducted to examine the performance of the designed MIMO antenna. Good isolated, acceptable gain, and efficiency are obtained over the bands of interest which verify the suitability of the proposed system for MIMO smartphone applications.

Design and Simulation of Compact MIMO Antenna for the 5G Communication in C-Band

This paper presents CPW fed 4 × 4 configurations “Multiple Input Multiple Output” (MIMO) antenna is proposed for 5th Generation New Radio (NR) Sub-6 GHz band. The antenna consists of four hexagonal-shaped antenna elements with an overall area of 61 × 61 × 1.6 mm3. The pattern diversity of the proposed MIMO is obtained by embedding an H-shaped stub in the ground plane and an I-shaped stub is integrated with the ground plane to obtain high isolation (<20 dB). The value of ECC for the proposed four-port antenna is less than 0.002. The proposed antenna covers the frequency band from 3.6 to 3.8 GHz (5G n78 band) effectively. The result guarantees the excellent diversity performance of the proposed four-port antenna. The performance of this antenna is examined in terms of port separations, DG, ECC, mean effective gain, CCL.

U-Shaped Design of MIMO Antenna for 5G Applications

Multiple input-multiple output, or MIMO, is a wireless communication antenna system that employs multiple antennas at both the source and the destination. MIMO improves radio frequency system capacity, which results in a more dependable connection and less congestion. A low profile directional radial antenna is called a microstrip antenna. These are easy and affordable. They can be applied to some different things, such as mobile, radio, wireless, satellite, missile, and air, space, and ground vehicles. The fifth generation (5G) technological standard for broadband cellular networks is now used in telecommunications. The main benefit of this network is that it has more bandwidth, which eventually results in faster download speeds of up to 10 gigabytes per second. The Microstrip Antenna, which satisfies specific parameters including physical size, low profile, and ease of fabrication, is the most crucial component to support 5G communication. A novel U-shaped MIMO antenna that can be used for dual-band applications is proposed in this project. The proposed antenna needs to be compact and have attributes like a good VSWR, gain, bandwidth, return loss, and directivity, among others.

Tri-band MIMO antenna design based on characteristic modes manipulation

Several MIMO antennas based on the theory of characteristic modes have been proposed, but few of them introduce systematic design methods for microstrip MIMO antenna to obtain three frequency bands and as well as to reduce mutual coupling between the MIMO units. In this paper, a tri-band MIMO antenna is designed under the guidance of characteristic mode analysis. Firstly, the characteristic modes of the basic rectangular microstrip antenna are adjusted by loading rectangular spiral shaped stub and L-shaped slot at its proper positions to form a tri-band antenna unit. Next, based on the analysis of Modal significance and modal current distributions, the mode causing mutual coupling of the initial two-port MIMO antenna is determined, and then the meandering neutralization line connecting two adjacent edges and the rectangular gap in the middle of the common ground plane are designed as decoupling structures, which improve the isolation to more than 18 dB between two units with a distance of only 7.4 mm. Finally, the measured results prove the correctness and feasibility of the proposed systematic design process for the MIMO antenna, in terms of its compact size 32 mm ×26 mm, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) less than 0.35, peak gain greater than 1.26 dBi and radiation efficiency greater than 76% in the three desired frequency bands (2.35–2.5 GHz, 3.25–3.85 GHz, and 4.4–6.2 GHz).