Lighting Design Research Articles

Irradiance modeling of tubular ultraviolet light bulbs

Clean indoor air is crucial for human lives in residential and workplace settings, including food safety and supply chains. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, disinfecting air has become vital for the public as the SARS-CoV-2 virus and other infectious diseases transmit via inhalable aerosols. Ultraviolet (UV) light is known to be effective in disinfecting air. However, it is still challenging to properly design practical UV applications with common light design software. Visible light analysis software, AGi32, assists architectural applications. AGi32 utilizes digitized luminaire IES files to model light intensity on user-designed geometry in common far-field uses. IES files are based on far-field photometry to model light intensity at different distances and angles from the source. The common application of IES files is to model visible light intensities; however, IES files generated for UV light are still rarely available. Due to the increasing need for surface and air disinfection, modeling UV light intensity using IES files may be beneficial for designing and evaluating systems containing UV light bulbs in near-field applications. There is limited information regarding the accuracy of UV modeling in AGi32 software using IES files. Therefore, the research objectives were to (1) create IES files of a UV-C germicidal lamp (254 nm) and a visible fluorescent lamp with almost identical metrics; (2) compare the IES files output with physical UV measurements inside and outside of an air duct; (3) develop correlations between light intensities of visible and UV light bulbs. Linear correlations were observed when comparing UV irradiance and visible illuminance for both measured and modeled data. The results indicated high variability between the measured and modeled light data, signifying the importance of further investigation of potential error sources and improving the accuracy of modeling.

The Sustainability Coefficient of Urban Open Space Illumination Compliance as a Subjective Indicator of Environmental Comfort

Smart lighting of public open spaces plays a crucial role in creating sustainable cities. Investing in optimal methods for improving the energy efficiency of urban lighting systems has become strategic for the economic, technological, and social development of cities. In addition to technical considerations such as energy efficiency and photometric measurements, lighting design should also take into account the subjective aspect of visual safety. However, measuring lighting efficiency in terms of human perception can be challenging because people’s perceptions vary and depend on the urban and architectural context. To address this issue, a sustainability coefficient of outdoor lighting ambiences (Sn) is presented to quantify the compliance of urban open spaces with sustainable lighting design. This coefficient combines two subjective factors: illumination likability and perceived illuminance intensity. The study uses the SEC methodology (suitable for everyone, environmentally accepted, cost-effective), which provides insight into the factors that influence the Sn value. The results showed significant correlations between psychological and aesthetic-functional factors and the Sn, while sociological factors had little influence. The validity of the Sn in a realistic environment can be confirmed. The main reasons for certain Sn levels were identified and possible solutions were proposed, ranging from changes in lighting intensity to architectural redesigns, to improve environmental comfort in urban environments. This study paves the way for a deeper understanding of the role of urban lighting in shaping environmental comfort and human behavior.

Exploring Asymmetric Lens–Total Internal Reflection (AL–TIR) Optics for Uniform Ceiling Illumination in Interior Lighting

This study presents a significant advancement in LED interior lighting through the development and application of Asymmetric Lens–Total Internal Reflection (AL–TIR) optics, with a focus on enhancing lighting uniformity and indoor comfort by simulating sky-like lighting distribution. AL–TIR technology employs asymmetric lenses combined with total internal reflection to efficiently redirect and spread light, achieving a controlled and even ceiling illumination suitable for various interior applications. This research explored the establishment of ideal luminous intensity curves, devised practical AL–TIR optical designs through numerical calculations, and conducted extensive simulations to assess performance in typical indoor environments. Our findings demonstrated substantial improvements in lighting uniformity, with the AL and AL–TIR systems achieving direct illuminance uniformities of 0.78 and 0.83, respectively, compared to traditional tube LEDs at 0.25. These results, validated in several office rooms, highlight the efficacy of AL–TIR optics in revolutionizing indoor lighting design by balancing optimal lighting distribution with occupant comfort and well-being.

Research on Temporal–Spatial Partition Control Strategies for Luminous and Thermal Environment in High Space of Gymnasiums

The lighting design of large-space buildings in gymnasiums can impact the indoor luminous and thermal environment, resulting in an uneven light and thermal distribution. This paper investigates the luminous and thermal environment control strategies for high spaces in gymnasiums, by simulating the luminous and thermal environment under different lighting forms and establishing a comprehensive evaluation model. The results show that the weights of the indoor luminous environment, thermal environment, and comprehensive energy consumption change with season and time under different lighting forms, which provides a basis for developing a temporal–spatial partition control strategy. The temporal–spatial partition control strategy is proposed for summer and winter, including the shading angle control under the lighting forms of south-facing side windows, west-facing side windows, and top skylights. Under summer conditions, the south-facing side windows have no shading from 8:00 to 10:00 and 14:00 to 16:00, and the shading angle is 0° from 10:00 to 14:00; the west-facing side windows have no shading from 8:00 to 14:00, the shading angle is 0° from 14:00 to 15:00, and the shading angle is 15° from 15:00 to 16:00; and the top skylight has a shade angle of 15° from 8:00 to 9:00, 30° from 9:00 to 11:00, 45° from 11:00 to 13:00, and no shade from 13:00 to 16:00. Under winter conditions, the south-facing side windows have no shading all day; the west-facing side windows have no shading from 8:00 to 14:00, and the shading angle is 30° from 14:00 to 16:00; and the top skylight has no shading from 8:00 to 13:00, a shading angle of 45° from 13:00 to 15:00, and a shading angle of 75° from 15:00 to 16:00. This paper provides a set of scientific and reasonable luminous and thermal environment regulation strategies for large-space buildings, which can help optimize the building energy consumption and improve the indoor environment quality.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Nearly Zero-Carbon Office Buildings in Taiwan

The formulation of an affordable and economically-feasible policy for nearly zero-carbon building design is a challenge that countries encounter in promoting net-zero building. In 2022, Taiwan promulgated Building Energy Rating System (BERS), the world's first building energy efficiency assessment system tailored for subtropical climates, as a basis for evaluating its goal of achieving nearly zero-carbon buildings by 2050. However, whether this nearly zero-carbon building policy is financially feasible has remained unknown to the government and the industry. To address the issue, the objective of the paper is to conduct a cost-benefit and payback period analysis of newly constructed nearly zero-carbon office buildings in accordance with the Building Energy-efficiency Rating System for New Buildings (BERSn) assessment framework, and thereby examines the financial affordability and feasibility of Taiwan's net-zero building policies.Firstly, this study introduces existing building energy performance evaluation methods in Europe, America, and Japan, and explains the methodology of Taiwan's Building Energy Rating System (BERS). The paper then reviews international Cost-Benefit Analyses of Nearly Zero Energy Office Buildings and parallelly conducts a Cost-Benefit Analysis of Nearly Zero-Carbon Office Buildings in Taiwan. Following the BERS methodology, this paper identifies the baseline efficiency level and the Nearly Zero-Carbon Building (NZCB) efficiency level, along with their associated solutions and investment costs, for air conditioning and lighting systems. In this study, a questionnaire survey of 28 experts identifies the air conditioning unit costs of Basic Mechanical Equipment Efficiency (BME) and energy-saving control technologies (R) for energy-efficient design of Fan Coil Unit (FCU), Air Handling Unit (AHU), and Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) system. Accordingly, 33 air conditioning design solutions and their corresponding construction costs complying with the BERSn requirements of EAC≦0.5 for nearly-zero carbon office buildings are identified. Regarding the nearly zero-carbon lighting design, the simulations reveal that the use of LED panel luminaires or T8 LED luminaires (including those with energy-saving labels) can achieve an average operational lighting illuminance of 500 LUX and the BERSn requirements of EL ≤ 0.5 for lighting. Finally, the study further analyzes the payback period and premium cost ratio of NZCB by employing the budget data of seven building projects. The analysis shows that the premium cost ratio and the payback period of NZCB range from 1.33%-1.50% and 6.4-7.7 years, respectively. The results demonstrate that while a higher budget is commonly associated with NZCB by the public, it is in fact economically and technologically feasible to realize NZCB with prevailing energy-efficient measures.

Evaluating the general V(λ), mismatch spectral quality factor index ƒ₁ and the uncertainty of photometers

The general term photometry refers to the measurement of light and its perceived brightness; it can be applied to various purposes, including lighting design, display calibration, and the setting of safety standards. A device used for measuring light is called a light meter or photometer. Ideally, such devices should have a spectral responsivity-that is, they should respond to light in a way which mimics the human eye's sensitivity to different wavelengths. The sensitivity of the human eye is described by the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage, CIE, luminous efficiency function, V(λ), a plot of the sensitivity of the eye versus wavelength over the visible region, from violet, approximately 380 nm, through red, approximately 780 nm. In practical applications, it is usually preferable to detect light with silicon or selenium photodetectors and measure the electrical current generated. These photodetectors are sensitive to a wide range of wavelengths, including those outside of the visible spectrum: ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR). However, due to its nature, the spectral responsivity of silicon and selenium photodetectors is also different from that of the human eye. For example, silicon photodetectors are much more sensitive to infrared radiation, which is imperceptible to human vision. This in turn leads to erroneous light measurements when using the direct raw response of the detector. The spectral quality factor and , indicating the mismatch between the spectral responsivity and the CIE luminous efficiency function V(λ), is the most crucial characteristic of photometers. The general mismatch index , denoted as V(λ), delineates the disparity between a photometer's relative spectral responsivity and the spectral luminous efficiency function for photopic vision, V(λ). It's highly probable that photometers will adopt white light-emitting diode (LED) sources as calibration references going forward. This transition may necessitate refining the general V(λ) mismatch index's definition, possibly through alternative normalization methods for or by introducing a different assessment function for evaluating mismatches . In this research, spectral quality factor for the photometer NIS-2 has been determined with value 3.8%. This percentage value is classified the photometer NIS-2 as medium quality. The uncertainty was determined through a calculation performed using my Microsoft Excel program, and the final value obtained is 0.010.

Exploring the Interaction and Impact of Green Building Design on People and Space

Abstract: With the progress and development of society, people's living standards improve at the same time, environmental pollution and resource shortages environmental problems also come. Construction engineering is one of the largest energy-consuming industries in China, and the implementation of a sustainable development strategy has become a top priority. Therefore, the state put forward the concept of greening and sustainable development, and green building has become a mainstream design concept. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the principles and design points of green building design and to study and discuss the application cases of green building design. Analyze the interaction and impact of green building design on people and space by analyzing the effects and impacts of the implementation of different designs in green building design cases, including focusing on siting design, ventilation design, energy efficiency design, recyclable design, plant design, and lighting design. Summarise the importance of applying green building design concepts and effective designs that have a positive impact on people. The results of the study can provide practical suggestions on improving the sustainability and eco-friendliness of green buildings for green building design stakeholders, such as architects, policymakers, and related stakeholders, and this study has certain reference values and significance.

An appraisal of phase change materials: characteristics, categorization, benefits, drawbacks and utilizations. A review

A new era of energy-efficient solutions has arrived thanks to the revolutionary class of substances known as phase change materials (PCMs), which have the extraordinary capacity to store and release thermal energy during phase transitions. The defining characteristics of PCMs, such as their well-defined melting and freezing temperatures, high latent heat of fusion, and variety of material types, including organic and inorganic PCMs, as well as eutectic combinations, are thoroughly examined in this thoroughly analysis. PCMs are divided into groups according to the physical shape they take and the temperature range in which they are used. These groups include low-temperature variations, high-temperature variants, encapsulated forms, and nanocomposite forms. PCMs provide a wide range of advantages, including effective thermal energy storage, cost-effective energy use, consistent temperature maintenance and small light designs. However, they do have some restrictions, such as compatibility issues and slow heat transfer rates. However, PCMs are used in a wide range of industries, from electronics and renewable energy to building and construction, revolutionizing temperature control, thermal management and energy efficiency. The future of PCM technology offers promise, with ongoing improvements aiming at improving heat transmission, integrating with renewable energy sources and enhancing encapsulation processes. This technology's vital position in a sustainable and efficient energy future is apparent, as it continues to transform our world in the hunt for responsible and green energy solutions.

Differentiated Impacts of Indoor and Outdoor Fitness Environments on Residents’ Activity Intensity: A Perspective on Homo Urbanicus

This study develops a framework for the impact mechanism based on the “homo urbanicus” theoretical perspective, linking indoor and outdoor fitness environmental elements to residents’ subjective perceptions and their activity intensity. An empirical investigation is conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) with data from 286 valid questionnaires (N = 421). The results demonstrate that both indoor and outdoor fitness environmental elements—specifically spatial, facility, and environmental factors—significantly positively influence residents’ fitness activity intensity, with this relationship mediated by perceptions of safety, convenience, comfort, and aesthetics. Furthermore, the study uncovers variations in the types and degrees of influence across indoor and outdoor settings. Based on these findings, the author proposes several planning and design strategies: “In indoor environments, it is essential to ensure that fitness spaces feature bright lighting and thoughtful design to enhance aesthetic appeal; additionally, optimizing spatial layouts and integrating information services can foster greater social interaction. For outdoor environments, prioritizing locations near aesthetically pleasing architecture, adjacent to blue landscapes, and within open areas, as well as sites that are close to community amenities and abundant surrounding facilities, will enhance residents’ fitness activity intensity”.

Creation of Dance According to Beliefs from The Namo Coin Sign

The creative performance of the Pallava Namo series. The researcher used mixed methods by conducting qualitative research to find the form and elements of the performance and study the ideas obtained after the creation of a performance of a dance performance based on beliefs from the Namo coin symbol by using research tools consisting of studying and surveying information from academic documents, information media, studying areas and surveying field data, structured interviews and the researcher's experience used the obtained data to analyze and synthesize the content analysis and data triangulate. Then, evaluate the performance by using statistics and finding the mean and standard deviation and presenting them descriptively in the development and design of dance works that are used to explain through the dimensions of creative performing arts that are a medium for conveying values and importance. The results showed that the creative styles can be classified according to 8 elements of the 1) Performance Design; is divided into 3 periods. The first period, “Pain” is the period that conveys pain and suffering and sadness from sickness and death from plague, the second period "Hope" is the period that conveys the prayers of the holy things and having hope. Based on the belief that sacred things will help protect and heal villagers from various illnesses, the third period, “Faith”, is a period that conveys a better life through belief and faith in Namo coins. 2) Selection of performers 3) Design of dance moves 4) Design of performance equipment 5) Performance Sound and music design, 6) costume design, 7) lighting design, and 8) performance space design. In addition, the researcher took into account three ideas obtained after creating dance: 1) considering creativity in dance, 2) considering the use of symbols in creating dance, and 3) considering dance theory, music, and visual arts.

The application of emotional design in lighting for Chinese healthcare spaces

AbstractWith the development of time, people have more emotional needs for interior spaces. Interior lighting design is an extremely important part of interior design, especially in children's healthcare. In order to meet the needs of child patients and healthcare professionals for ward lighting, it is necessary to comply with various standards while also designing emotionally, emphasizing the positive effects of light on the psychology and health of the user. A literature research approach was used to combine the current status of interior lighting in healthcare spaces, culminating in the integration of the concept of emotional design into the lighting design of children's wards.

Design System of Solar-Powered Safety Lamp Integrated Proximity Sensor as a Solution for Accident Prevention at Blind Spot Areas

The curved contour of the road creates blind spots which increase the risk of traffic accidents. Throughout 2019, there were 107,500 accident cases recorded in Indonesia. Therefore, efforts are needed to provide road infrastructure that supports driving safety, such as traffic signs to reduce the risk of accidents in blind spot areas. This research aims to design a smart safety light warning system that is integrated with solar-based street lighting. The design uses a design-based research approach referring to several established standards including Indonesia National Standard (SNI) 7931: 2008, SNI IEC 60529:2014, Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia Number PM 13 of 2014, Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) issued by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT), and Article 115 of Minister of Transportation Republic of Indonesia Regulation PM 27 of 2018. This study used Design-Based Research (DBR) as a research methodology. The result of this study is a prototype design and development of smart safety light warning system which can be optimized. Validation of the design and circuit is conducted using prototyping modeling 1:20 from the original dimensions to measure the function and performance of the circuit. The prototype is capable of turning on warning lights and siren notifications when detecting objects with a maximum distance of 350 cm as measured by the HC – SR04 sensor. Charging the stored solar panels via the accumulator allows the technology to continue working for 45 hours without charging. For power efficiency purposes, the technology is equipped with an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensor with a minimum limit of 341-lux which regulates the lighting. The development of these safety lights will increase driver awareness when passing through blind spot areas and have positive implications for reducing the number of accidents in Indonesia.

Lighting Features Affecting the Well-Being of Able-Bodied People and People with Physical Disabilities in the Park in the Evening: An Integrated and Sustainable Approach to Lighting Urban Green Areas

This study focuses on the analysis of lighting in night conditions to explain what lighting in parks should look like and how parks should be lit from the point of view of people’s perceptions. It addresses the impact of the lighting configuration of urban parks on preference, safety, mystery, legibility, and contact with the environment. The feelings of wheelchair users and able-bodied people were measured. The respondents assessed park landscapes presented in visualisations that varied in terms of lighting features and spatial contexts. This research showed, inter alios, that the participants rated evenly lit spaces more highly than those featuring spot lighting. In unevenly lit spaces, the lighting of the surroundings turned out to be crucial import for able-bodied people, while for the disabled respondents, a combination of lighting of the surroundings and of paths was significant. For evenly lit spaces, path lighting is less important for disabled people than for those without disabilities. These insights can help researchers to look at lighting solutions in a more human-centered way and take into account the environment in which they are used. This allows the design of night lighting in parks to be socially sustainable and promotes access to urban green spaces for all citizens. The study emphasises that the provision of sustainable lighting in parks should take into account different social groups, making light a common good.

Comparative Analysis of the Distribution of Natural Lighting with Artificial Lighting in Auditorium at Indonesia University of Education, at Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Building

Abstract This article provides an indepth analysis of the lighting conditions in the auditorium at the Indonesia University of Education, specifically within the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of both natural light from windows and artificial light from lamps in accommodating large gatherings of up to 300 people. Using AutoCAD and DIALux, we conduct a simulation experiment to visualize the lighting system, considering factors such as the distribution of natural light and the impact of artificial lighting. Our methodology involves specific parameters for data analysis to ensure a comprehensive evaluation. While observing the auditorium, we note potential challenges, such as the limited impact of natural light. This finding raises questions about the need for adjustments to the architectural design or the inclusion of additional natural light sources. Conversely, the artificial lighting appears to be abundant and sufficient for illuminating the entire space. Considering the broader implications, the study addresses the significance of optimizing lighting conditions in auditoriums for improved user experience and potential energy efficiency. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on effective lighting design in educational spaces. This research is not without limitations, and future work could explore more nuanced aspects of lighting design or investigate the feasibility of implementing sustainable lighting solutions. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights into auditorium lighting, guiding future research and practical interventions for enhanced lighting conditions in similar settings.

Using the MSL goniospectrophotometer to measure the bidirectional transmittance distribution function

Abstract Measurements of the bidirectional transmittance distribution function (BTDF) are of interest to a wide range of industries, including satellite calibration, computer graphics, and lighting design. The scale of BTDF is realised at various national metrology institutes using goniospectrophotometers. This paper describes the measurement model for BTDF using the MSL goniospectrophotometer, which uses rotation stages to adjust the angle of the sample. The measurement model is applied to measurements of two different sample types as an example of the performance of the instrument.

Experimental study on effect of pavement background on obstacle visibility in LED lighting environment of road tunnel

The tunnel pavement is generally made of asphalt or concrete. Due to the relatively fixed material of pavement, the effect of tunnel pavement setting on the lighting environment and visual performance of drivers has not received sufficient attention, especially the impact on the visual performance of drivers during driving has not been revealed. Therefore, experimental research on the visual recognition performance of an obstacle on asphalt and concrete pavements inside tunnels during dynamic driving was conducted in this study. The results indicate that under the same pavement illumination, the luminance on concrete pavement is higher than that on asphalt pavement due to the higher reflectance of concrete. The visible distance of the human eyes for a gray obstacle with a reflectance of 0.2 on the concrete pavement is greater than that on the asphalt pavement, and the visible distance of the obstacle on the concrete pavement increases by more than 28%. When the color of the obstacle and the pavement are close, it can be challenging for observers to recognize the obstacle, and the pavement and obstacle need to have a higher level of luminance for the recognition. During dynamic driving, the visible distance at a speed of 60 km/h is 1.2 to 1.4 times that at a speed of 80 km/h, which means the influence of vehicle speed on the human eye’s recognition of obstacles on asphalt and concrete pavements should be taken into consideration in the design of road tunnel lighting. The correlated color temperature and S/P value of LED light have little impact on the visible distance of human eyes to the obstacle on the asphalt and concrete pavements, but it does create different visual perceptions. As the correlated color temperature and S/P value increase, the lighting environment of the tunnel gradually gives a brighter feeling to drivers.

친수공간 태양광 LED 경관조명 디자인 및 방수성능에 관한 실증연구

By applying landscape lighting to tetrapods, a type of sofa block installed to protect coastal facilities and block waves, the solar LED landscape lighting design and tetrapods are designed to secure the value of marine water-friendly space, regional differentiation, and urban identity. The goal was to propose a design to provide convenience in installation and construction, and to test and evaluate the waterproof performance of the waterproof structure design that can protect the product from moisture caused by waves and rain. As a result of the waterproof test and evaluation of the solar LED landscape lighting prototype, it was found that it was satisfactory for protection against the effects of continuous submersion (IPX8).

An LED light propagation cavity with staggered light bars for eliminating the Hot Spot

The light source of traditional edge-lit backlight modules typically consists of LED bars which composed of multiple LED chips. However, the spacing between the chips can create distinct bright and dark spots (Hot Spot) on the input surface of the light guide plate (LGP), thereby affecting the optical performance of the backlight module. In this paper, we proposed an edge-lit backlight module with staggered light bars, incorporating a light propagation cavity design to enhance light receiving efficiency and eliminate Hot Spot. Firstly, we designed the structure of the staggered light bars and the light propagation cavity. Secondly, the advantages of the new backlight module design in eliminating Hot Spot were verified through TracePro simulations. The simulation results showed that the maximum irradiance of the backlight module reached 81,010 W/m2, and the luminance uniformity peaked at 75.142 %. Compared to the traditional backlight modules, the light receiving efficiency was increased by 6.62 %, and the luminance uniformity was improved by 1.34 times, which effectively mitigated the Hot Spot. Finally, we discussed the impact of the improved backlight module in reducing the thickness of the LGP and decreasing the number of LED chips, achieved superior optical performance. This study demonstrates the significant advantages of the light propagation cavity in eliminating Hot Spot within backlight modules.

Research on the health lighting scheme of university library reading room

The quality of the indoor lighting environment in the reading space of the university library is essential for students' visual perception, emotional evaluation, and cognitive efficiency. The design of the lighting environment considering the change of natural light is one of the important development directions to improve the light environment quality of the reading room and meet the health requirements of students. This paper from the perspective of reading vision, emotion, and cognitive probes into the natural light environment lighting design, builds a reading lighting environment laboratory, using subjective evaluation, task performance, and physiological indicators of the measurement method, first analyses the weight of different indicators under different time, establish lighting environment comprehensive evaluation index I and artificial illumination and desktop illumination prediction model. The experimental results show that experimental results show that visual discomfort and clarity are the key factors in the early and later stages. In the transition phase, emotional indicators become particularly important. The model of dynamic lighting design scheme during 17:30–20:30 is: y = 227753.1746–900120.63492x+ 1179428.57142x2-512000x3, R2 = 0.99702; the fitting formula of desktop illumination in 17:30–20:30 period is: y = 566.666667–197.08995x + 158.73016x2-37.03704x3, R2 = 0.95238. The results aim to provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of dynamic lighting under natural light in the library reading room.

Unveiling Patient Perspectives: A Quality Assessment of User Satisfaction in a Leading Private Hospital in Gujranwala, Pakistan

Background: Inpatient departments are crucial for long-term patient care, requiring high-quality environmental conditions to ensure patient satisfaction. This study aimed to evaluate user satisfaction with the environmental quality of the male medical ward in Jinnah Memorial Hospital, Gujranwala, Pakistan.Objective: To assess the environmental quality and patient satisfaction within the male medical ward.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from March to May 2019. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to 100 respondents, including patients, staff, and attendants. Observations and environmental assessments were performed, focusing on thermal comfort, lighting, air quality, and ward design. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.Results: Only 28% of respondents were satisfied with thermal comfort, 40% with indoor air quality, 48% with acoustic control, and 30% with visual comfort. Issues highlighted included poor lighting, inadequate ventilation, and overcrowding, with 67% citing the hospital as expensive despite quality services.Conclusion: The study identified significant deficiencies in the environmental conditions of the male medical ward, necessitating targeted design interventions to improve patient satisfaction and overall healthcare quality.