Interaction Design Research Articles

Understanding critical service factors in neobanks: crafting strategies through text mining

Purpose This study aims to analyse and understand customer sentiments and perceptions from neobanking mobile applications by using advanced machine learning and text mining techniques. Design/methodology/approach This study explores a substantial large data set of 330,399 user reviews available in the form of unstructured textual data from neobanking mobile applications. This study is aimed to extract meaningful patterns, topics, sentiments and themes from the data. Findings The results show that the success of neobanking mobile applications depends on user experience, security features, personalised services and technological innovation. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to textual resources available in the public domain, and hence may not present the entire range of user experiences. Further studies should incorporate a wider range of data sources and investigate the impact of regional disparities on user preferences. Practical implications This study provides actionable ideas for neobanking service providers, enabling them to improve service quality and mobile application user experience by integrating customer input and the latest trends. These results can offer important inputs to the process of user interaction design, implementation of new features and customer support services. Originality/value This study uses text mining approaches to analyse neobanking mobile applications, which further contribute to the growing literature on digital banking and FinTech. This study offers a unique view of consumer behaviour and preferences in the realm of digital banking, which will add to the literature on the quality of service concerning mobile applications.

Integrating Learning and Serious Game Design: The Development and Application of the Learning and Game Integration (LGI) Framework using the ‘Blackout’ Serious Game

Serious games are increasingly recognised as effective educational tools capable of simulating complex scenarios that traditional methods cannot replicate. This paper introduces the Learning and Game Integration (LGI) Framework, designed to seamlessly integrate educational content with interactive game design. Utilising the “Blackout” serious game, which simulates real world complex problem, this study demonstrates how the LGI Framework can be utilised as learning intervention to enhance learning by teaching Design Thinking to university students. The framework consists of four stages: Educational Content Integration, Theoretical Underpinning, Case Study Selection, and Game Design. The “Blackout” game enables students to engage with various stakeholder perspectives, deeply analyse problems, and develop innovative solutions under crisis conditions. Preliminary feedback from its implementation in an undergraduate business course (N=753) indicates increased student engagement and confidence in applying Design Thinking concepts. This paper contributes to the field of business education by presenting an innovative approach to teaching innovative problem-solving skills through serious games, emphasising the need for holistic educational frameworks that bridge theoretical learning with real-world application.

Critical Review of Physical-Mechanical Principles in Geostructure-Soil Interface Mechanics

AbstractDue to the relatively different mechanical and physical properties of soils and structures, the interface plays a critical role in the transfer of stress and strain between them. The stability and safety of geotechnical structures are thus greatly influenced by the behavior at the soil–structure interface. It is therefore important to focus on the unique characteristics that set the interface apart from other geomaterials while examining the interface behaviour. Understanding the physical mechanism and modelling principles of these interfaces becomes a crucial step for the secure design and investigation of soil-structure interaction (SSI) issues. Moreover, to deal with this soil-environment interaction problem, the classical soil mechanics formulation must be progressively generalised in order to incorporate the effects of new phenomena and new variables on SSI behaviour. Considering the variety of energy geostructures that are emerging nowadays, it is crucial to comprehend the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) behaviour of the interface. The objective of this study is to fill this information gap as concisely as possible. A critical review is provided along with the state-of-the-art information on the thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of the soil-structure interface, including testing tools and measurement methods, basic principles and deformation mechanisms, constitutive models, as well as their applications in numerical simulations. This study explains how loading influences the mechanisms at the interface and critically examines the effects of boundary conditions, soil properties, environmental factors, and structure type on the THM behaviour of interface zones between soils and structural elements. The validity and reliability of the interface shear stress-displacement models are also covered in this paper. Lastly, the trends and recent advancements are also recommended for the interface research.

Forecasting the evolution of urban mobility: The influence of anthropomorphism and social responsiveness in the transition from human to automated driving

The transition to automated driving has prompted efforts to anthropomorphize urban transportation, aiming to replicate traditional driver-pedestrian interactions and enhance safety when human drivers are absent. However, prior research on anthropomorphism has shown inconsistency, potentially hindering its practical implementation in pedestrian-vehicle interactions. This study addressed these inconsistencies by examining the contingent role of social responsiveness. Using a 2 × 2 between-subjects experimental design, this study investigated the crossover interaction effects of anthropomorphism and social responsiveness on pedestrian-vehicle interactions at urban crossings. Two sequential studies were conducted: Study 1 examined the crossover interaction effects on cognitive factors and behavioral consequences (responsibility attribution and behavioral intention). Study 2 delved into the underlying mechanisms and contingencies of these interactions. Results reveal: (1) combining anthropomorphism and social responsiveness is crucial for effective pedestrian crossing and communication in the absence of human drivers; (2) the positive effects of this combination on responsibility attribution and behavioral intention are mediated by cognitive factors; and (3) non-responsive humanoid vehicles may not measure up to non-responsive, non-humanoid vehicles, yet responsive humanoid vehicles can outperform responsive, non-humanoid vehicles. These findings support the theory and guide the development of secure, interactive designs for the next generation of urban mobility in the transition to automated driving.

A Study on the Sound Therapy Interaction Design to Alleviate Homesickness: The HomeSeek App among Chinese Users

A Study on the Sound Therapy Interaction Design to Alleviate Homesickness: The HomeSeek App among Chinese Users

Using Interactive Design to Support the Reconstruction of Cultural Identity and Community Necessitated by Migration

Global warming has caused sea levels to rise. Ultimately, low-altitude land will be submerged, necessitating migration to higher altitudes. In this process, people’s cultural identity and community structure will be shattered, requiring fundamental reconstruction. Climate migrants face the struggle of adapting to rapid psychological and cultural change. This dissertation explores ways in which interactive design can be used to support the psychosocial (having both psychological and social parts) adjustments that migrants need to make. The dynamic process of acculturation to the new environment while maintaining cultural continuity is discussed. This study examines the use of interaction design to support migrants’ integration into a new society and help them negotiate the bureaucratic challenges that they face in that process. Based on findings from case studies, this study suggests strategies to enhance cultural inclusion and diversity through interaction design.

The Prevalent New-User Design to Study Drug-Drug Interactions: The Example of Sulfonylureas and Warfarin Interaction on the Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia.

The optimal design for pharmacoepidemiologic drug-drug interactions (DDIs) studies is unclear. Using the association between concomitant use of sulfonylureas and warfarin and the risk of severe hypoglycemia as a case study, a DDI with little or no clinical impact, we tested whether the prevalent new-user design can be applied in the area. Among all patients initiating sulfonylureas in the UK's Clinical Practice Research Datalink (1998-2020), we identified those adding-on warfarin while on a sulfonylurea. For each co-exposed patient, we defined a prescription-based exposure set including other sulfonylurea users not adding-on warfarin (comparators). Within each exposure set, we matched each co-exposed patient to five comparators on time-conditional propensity scores (TCPS) and followed them using an as-treated approach. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of severe hypoglycemia associated with concomitant use of sulfonylureas and warfarin compared to use of sulfonylureas alone. Sensitivity analyses addressed the impact of different potential sources of bias. The study cohort included 17 890 patients co-exposed to sulfonylureas and warfarin and 88 749 matched comparators. After TCPS matching, patient characteristics were well-balanced between groups. Compared to use of sulfonylureas alone, concomitant use of sulfonylureas and warfarin was not associated with the risk of severe hypoglycemia (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.92-1.17). Sensitivity analyses were consistent with the primary analysis (HRs ranging from 1.01 to 1.15, all not statistically significant). Our study suggests that the prevalent new-user design could be used for the assessment of clinical effects of DDIs.

Preferred Distance in Human-Drone Interaction.

In two augmented-reality experiments, we transferred the paradigm of interpersonal distance regulation to human-drone interaction. In the first experiment, we used a simple spherical drone model and explored how both hovering height and approach angle affect the preferred distance. Drone height above the ground had a strong effect. The preferred distance to the drone was larger than that typically found toward human actors, in particular, when the drone trajectory was very high. In the second experiment, we sought to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that may influence this effect. In addition to the simple spherical drone model used in the first experiment, we also varied its appearance and attachment to the ground. Surprisingly, anthropomorphic features increased preferred distances. We, therefore, discuss the extent to which social aspects and subjectively perceived danger influence the preferred distance for interaction with drones, which thus need to be considered in the design of human-drone interaction.

Smart Staircase: Interactive Design for Social Distancing and Crowd Management

Smart Staircase: Interactive Design for Social Distancing and Crowd Management

What happens after anti-Asian racism at work? A moral exclusion perspective on coworker confrontation and mechanisms.

Despite Americans' recent heightened awareness of racial inequality, anti-Asian racism at work remains underrecognized and largely unaddressed. In this research, we aim to understand why White bystander coworkers may fail to confront anti-Asian racism. Integrating the moral exclusion perspective and research on racial positions, we propose that due to perceiving Asian Americans as more foreign than other non-White coworkers, White coworkers are less likely to feel anger and engage in confrontation when witnessing anti-Asian racism at work. We first conducted a survey study (Study 1), demonstrating the external validity of the phenomenon that White coworkers are less likely to confront racism when the victim is Asian American versus Black. We then conducted two experiments (Studies 2 and 3) with a realistic, interactive design and behavioral measures of confrontation, supporting our hypothesized mechanisms (i.e., perceived target foreignness and anger). Study 3 further generalized our theory by including Hispanic/Latinx American targets as an additional comparison group and showing that the relative perceived foreignness among Asian American, Hispanic/Latinx American, and Black targets reduced White coworkers' anger and confrontation. We then conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of our work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Exploring the potential of structure-based deep learning approaches for T cell receptor design.

Deep learning methods, trained on the increasing set of available protein 3D structures and sequences, have substantially impacted the protein modeling and design field. These advancements have facilitated the creation of novel proteins, or the optimization of existing ones designed for specific functions, such as binding a target protein. Despite the demonstrated potential of such approaches in designing general protein binders, their application in designing immunotherapeutics remains relatively underexplored. A relevant application is the design of T cell receptors (TCRs). Given the crucial role of T cells in mediating immune responses, redirecting these cells to tumor or infected target cells through the engineering of TCRs has shown promising results in treating diseases, especially cancer. However, the computational design of TCR interactions presents challenges for current physics-based methods, particularly due to the unique natural characteristics of these interfaces, such as low affinity and cross-reactivity. For this reason, in this study, we explored the potential of two structure-based deep learning protein design methods, ProteinMPNN and ESM-IF1, in designing fixed-backbone TCRs for binding target antigenic peptides presented by the MHC through different design scenarios. To evaluate TCR designs, we employed a comprehensive set of sequence- and structure-based metrics, highlighting the benefits of these methods in comparison to classical physics-based design methods and identifying deficiencies for improvement.

A theoretical framework for human-centered intelligent information services: A systematic review

Intelligent Information Services (IIS) employ Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based systems to provide information that matches the user's needs in diverse and evolving environments. Acknowledging the importance of users in AI-empowered IIS success, a growing number of researchers are investigating AI-empowered IIS from a user-centric perspective, establishing the foundation for a new research domain called “Human-Centered Intelligent Information Services” (HCIIS). Nonetheless, a review of user studies in AI-empowered IIS is still lacking, impeding the development of a clear definition and research framework for the HCIIS field. To fill this gap, this study conducts a systematic review of 116 user studies in AI-empowered IIS. Results reveal two primary research themes in user studies in AI-empowered IIS: human-IIS interaction (including user experience, system quality, user attitude, intention and behavior, information quality, and individual task performance) and IIS ethics (e.g., explainability and interpretability, privacy and safety, and inclusivity). Analyzing research gaps within these topics, this study formulates an HCIIS research framework consisting of three interconnected elements: human values and needs, environment, and service. The interconnections between each pair of elements identify three key research domains in HCIIS: interaction, ethics, and evolution. Interaction pertains to the facilitation of human-IIS interaction to meet human needs, encompassing topics including human-centered theory, evaluation, and the design of AI-empowered IIS interaction. Ethics emphasize ensuring AI-empowered IIS alignment with human values and norms within specific environments, covering topics like general and context-specific AI-empowered IIS ethical principles, risk assessment, and governance strategies. Evolution focuses on addressing the fulfillment of human needs in diverse and dynamic environments by continually evolving intelligence, involving the enhancement of AI-empowered IIS environmental sensitivity and adaptability within an intelligent ecosystem driven by technology integration. Central to HCIIS is co-creation, situated at the intersection of interaction, evolution, and ethics, emphasizing collaborative information creation between IIS and humans through hybrid intelligence. In conclusion, HCIIS is defined as a field centered on information co-creation between IIS and humans, distinguishing it from IIS, which focuses on providing information to humans.

Research on the Application of Multimodal Haptic Technology in the Interaction Design of Virtual Characters

This article delves deeply into the aspects related to multimodal haptic technology in the interaction design of virtual characters in virtual reality technology. Firstly, it introduces the development trend of virtual reality technology and the importance of haptic technology. Then, it outlines the definition, principle and types of multimodal haptic technology. Subsequently, it analyzes in detail the application status in the interaction design of virtual characters, including existing application cases, application scopes, and the influence on virtual characters and interaction functions. It also elaborates the methods of quantifying and evaluating the effects, including the establishment of quantitative indicators, evaluation methods, and experimental design and data analysis. It explores the effective scenarios in application practice, the influencing factors of user satisfaction and strategies for improvement. Finally, it points out the challenges faced and proposes solutions including technological innovation, algorithm optimization, cost control, and design optimization strategies.

Examining the interplay of chatbot interactivity and anthropomorphic design for enhancing brand relationships in service businesses

The current research examines how elements of chatbot design influence not only consumers’ perceptions and responses but also the processes by which they promote online-to-offline behavioral intention toward service brands. Focusing on the coffee service business, a study following a 2 × 2 between-subjects experimental design was conducted. Among the findings, the impact of interactivity on chatbot- and brand-related outcomes depended on the anthropomorphic conversational style employed; interactions with the warm, high-interactivity (vs. low-interactivity) chatbot enhanced the sense of social presence, whereas interactions with the competent, low-interactivity (vs. high-interactivity) chatbot promoted brand-related behavioral intention. Moreover, as the moderated serial mediation model demonstrated, although increased social presence shaped components of brand relationship quality (i.e. brand partner quality and brand attachment), only brand partner quality bolstered the intention to patronize the brand. The significant moderated indirect effect suggests that a warm, highly interactive chatbot design can strengthen social presence and thereby improve brand partner quality and raise the likelihood of offline patronage. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.

Emotional design for pro-environmental life: Visual appeal and user interactivity influence sustainable consumption intention with moderating effect of positive emotion

As the public pursues sustainable consumption patterns, pro-environmental mobile applications are being developed to promote green lifestyles. Ant Forest has attracted a large number of users to participate due to its gamified interactive design. The objectives of this study are to understand the process by which visual appeal and user interactivity in pro-environmental mobile applications influence the user's sustainable consumption intention and to analyse the moderating effect of the user's positive emotion on this process. The researchers constructed a theoretical framework based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theory in this study and used the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) for quantitative analysis with an online questionnaire survey of 586 Ant Forest users. Findings for this study include: 1) Visual appeal shows a large positive effect on the perceived usefulness of Ant Forest; 2) Ant Forest's perceived usefulness shows a significant positive effect on the user's sustainable consumption intention; 3) Ant Forest's perceived usefulness fully mediates the relationship between visual appeal and the user's sustainable consumption intention; 4) Positive emotion moderates the relationship between perceived usefulness and sustainable consumption intention. This study improves the application of the S-O-R theory in emotional design research, while emphasising the importance of optimising the visual appeal of design elements and guiding users' positive emotions in the development of pro-environmental mobile applications. The findings of this study highlight the importance of incorporating positive emotions into visual design for designers and developers of pro-environmental applications, further clarifying the focus of emotional design.

Assessing Creativity and User Experience in Immersive Virtual Reality with Cultural Heritage Learning

Virtual reality (VR) technology is widely used in the field of education and cultural heritage learning. However, few studies have focused on the impact on creativity regarding the use of different interaction modalities by users in cultural heritage learning. Furthermore, it is controversial whether VR can enhance user experience and learning outcomes. The study utilized a mixed research approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods, where qualitative data was collected using open-ended interviews, simultaneously quantitative data was collected using learning outcomes, intrinsic motivation, workload, self-report of creativity and expert assessments of creativity. A mixed research approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods was used; creativity self-reports were used to collect qualitative data, and learning outcomes, intrinsic motivation, and workload data were collected for the quantitative findings.90 university students were randomly assigned to the text group (TG), the video group (VG), and the immersive virtual reality group (IVRG), with 30 students in each group. The study assessed whether creativity, user experience and learning outcomes differed when using different interaction modalities in a cultural heritage context. The results demonstrated that the text interaction modality outperformed the other two groups in learning outcomes and expert assessments of creativity performance, while the IVRG performed better in self-report of creativity and user experience. In addition, participants in TG had higher workloads and poorer user experiences compared to the other two interaction modalities. This study encourages that different interaction modalities should be selected more appropriately depending on the purpose. The study found that interaction modalities creativity can be applied to digital cultural heritage and education and informs interaction design for the HCI community.

Depth-based interactive assistive system for dementia care

Dementia often leads to reduced autonomy and the need for help with activities of daily living, such as the use of the lavatory. In response, we present ToiletHelp, a novel system to provide automated, step-by-step guidance to individuals with dementia when using the lavatory. In such an intimate environment, it is crucial to maintain the user’s privacy, which ToiletHelp achieves by sensing only depth maps. ToiletHelp uses a depth sensor to detect when the user is in need of assistance and tailors the guidance accordingly, using a combination of verbal and visual prompts. Our main contribution is the development of the first assistance system for people with dementia in such a sensitive environment as the lavatory. In addition, what sets ToiletHelp apart is its comprehensive involvement of 60 participants, 33 end-users and 27 healthcare workers, throughout its development process. A user-centered evaluation validates the interaction design, demonstrating enhanced feelings of security and independence among older adults, as well as successful comprehension of instructions by participants with dementia. Caregivers report high satisfaction with the system’s modalities and confirm its effectiveness in reducing their workload while assisting end-users. These findings not only validate the success of ToiletHelp and underscore its potential benefits but also contribute to the field of human-computer interaction design. Our comprehensive analysis of the results provides valuable information for researchers developing solutions for individuals with dementia, which is especially valuable given the limited existing literature on the subject.

A Survey on the Design of Virtual Reality Interaction Interfaces

Virtual reality (VR) technology has made remarkable progress in recent years and will be widely used in the future. As a bridge for information exchanges between users and VR systems, the interaction interface is pivotal for providing users with a good experience and has emerged as a key research focus. In this review, we conducted a comprehensive search of the Web of Science and CNKI databases from 2011 to 2023 to identify articles dedicated to VR interaction interface design. Through a meticulous analysis of 438 articles, this paper offers a substantial contribution to the emerging field of VR interactive interface research, providing an in-depth review of the principal research advancements. This review revealed that the majority of studies are centered on practical case analyses within specific application scenarios, employing empirical evaluation methods to assess objective or subjective metrics. We then concentrated on elucidating the foundational principles of interface design and their evaluation methodologies, providing a reference for future research endeavors. Additionally, the limitations, challenges, and future directions in VR interaction interface design research were discussed, highlighting the need for further research in design evaluation to continuously refine the development of standards and guidelines for VR interactive interface design. According to the findings of this review, there is a necessity to enhance research on information design for multi-channel interactive interfaces. Furthermore, it is essential to focus on the diverse characteristics of users to propose more inclusive design solutions. Adopting interdisciplinary approaches could lead to breakthroughs in the creation of personalized and adaptive VR interaction interfaces.

Design and Implementation of Multi-mode Natural Interaction of Game Animation Characters in Mixed Reality: A Novel User Experience Method

To enhance users’ novel experiences in gaming, the design method of multi-mode natural interaction of game animation characters in mixed reality is studied. Through the process of skeleton modeling, interpolation of position and orientation, time alignment and time transformation of character posture, the game animation character in mixed reality is constructed. The multi-role interactive game animation is synthesized using a random graph and uniform network, and the edge of the depth of field image collected by the Kinect somatosensory sensor is extracted. According to the transfer model and observation model of the Kalman filter algorithm, the motion trajectory of the game animation characters is obtained and the game animation characters are tracked. The IRS recognition algorithm is used for optical multi-touch processing in mixed reality, and the natural interaction of multi-mode game animation characters in interaction–perception mode, natural interaction mode and interactive feedback mode is realized. The experimental results demonstrate that this method can achieve multi-mode natural interaction of game animation characters in mixed reality and provide users with a novel game experience.

Transforming User Experience (UX) through Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Interactive Media Design

This paper discusses the application and advantages of artificial intelligence technology in digital media interactive product design. Firstly, the development background of artificial intelligence technology and its promoting effect on design innovation is introduced, and the application of new technologies, such as generative adversarial networks in art creation and design personalization, is definitely analyzed. It then explores in detail the ability of AI to break traditional constraints in interactive design, innovate design, and optimize user experience, especially in digital media. Finally, the case study of Microsoft Cortana shows the method of classifying and processing user queries by machine learning system and its experimental results. The research of this paper provides the theoretical basis and empirical support for the application of artificial intelligence technology in the future interactive design of digital media and has important academic and practical significance.