Network Infrastructure Design Research Articles

INFRASTRUKTUR JARINGAN KOMPUTER BERBASIS CISCO PACKET TRACER DI LABKOM E-18 UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SUKABUMI

Computer network technology plays a crucial role in supporting teaching and learning activities. A Local Area Network (LAN) is a type of computer network that connects devices within a specific area. The application of network technology supports the learning process, including in the Computer Laboratory of the Information Technology Education Program. This research aims to design and configure the computer network infrastructure in the laboratory using wired media. The method used is the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC), which relies on previous development processes. The research methodology involves simulation with Cisco Packet Tracer to design network topology and configure devices. The research results include the design of computer network infrastructure using wired media and optimal IP configuration. Findings indicate that the devices within the designed network topology are interconnected and can access the internet effectively.

The effects of policy uncertainty and risk aversion on carbon capture, utilization, and storage investments

Many model-based decarbonization pathways include substantial carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), and engineering cost estimates suggest that these technologies should be profitable to deploy under current incentives, such as the 45Q tax credits in the United States. However, CCUS investments have been slow to materialize. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which policy uncertainty and investor risk aversion may explain the limited buildout of CCUS infrastructure to date. To do so, we develop a two-stage stochastic programming model for optimal CCUS infrastructure network design that incorporates policy uncertainty and risk aversion as novel features. We then apply it to an empirically parameterized case study of the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast region. Our results show that the current 45Q incentive levels make a fair number of CCUS projects profitable even if they were to be discontinued after ten years. Moreover, while future policy uncertainty and risk aversion reduce CCUS development, the maximum effect size is only a 16% decline in expected total CO2 captured. We find policy uncertainty plays a more important role than investor risk aversion in the development of CCUS infrastructure, with increased uncertainty leading to reduced CO2 capture and investment.

A case analysis for Kubernetes network security of financial service industry in Indonesia using zero trust model

In this study, a case analysis of Kubernetes application in an enterprise providing financial services in Indonesia is presented. It is implemented to improve their digital services-based application, developed using micro-services architecture. Kubernetes, an application container technology, has been applied in the enterprise providing financial services in Indonesia to improve their digital services-based application, developed using micro-services architecture concepts. Without incorporating any additional hardware, the new technology and services have been adopted to existing virtualized resources of the enterprise. An infrastructure design for secure Kubernetes networking was built and has been studied using the data center provided by the enterprise. This study focuses on two important aspects: network and security. As a security guideline, the network recommendations from VMware, Cisco, and Forrester’s zero trust model were employed to design the infrastructure and were evaluated. The proposed secure network infrastructure design is successfully applied in the container networks using the zero trust requirement, the enterprise’s requirements, and constraints. And we hope this study about network design security can be used and adaptable with existing network and reduce risk and disruption to the business caused by the network.

Life Cycle Assessment of District Heating Infrastructures: A Comparison of Pipe Typologies in France

Identifying decarbonization strategies at the district level is increasingly necessary to align the development of urban projects with European climate neutrality objectives. It is well known that district heating and cooling networks are an attractive energy system solution because they permit the integration of renewable energies and local excess of hot or cold sources. The detailed design and optimization of network infrastructures are essential to achieve the full potential of this energy system. The authors conducted an attributional life cycle assessment to compare the environmental profile of five distribution network infrastructures (i.e., pipes, heat carrier fluid, trenches, heat exchangers, valves, and water pumps) based on a study case in Marseille, France. The work aims to put into perspective the environmental profile of subsystems comprising a district heating infrastructure, and compare pipe typologies that can be used to guide decision-making in eco-design processing. Rigid and flexible piping systems were compared separately. The results show that the main impact source is the pipe subsystem, followed by the trench works for most impact categories. The authors underlined the importance of pipe typology choice, which can reduce emissions by up to 80% and 77% for rigid and flexible systems, respectively.

Perancangan Infrastruktur Jaringan Komputer dalam Mendukung Pembelajaran dan Standar Prasarana Fasilitas Internet di SDN 138 Geger Kalong Girang

This research started with the need the implementation of Computer-Based National Assessment (ANBK) at SD Negeri 138 Geger Kalong Girang with the condition that computer and internet network infrastructure was not available, but the implementation of ANBK had to be carried out independently. The purpose of designing this computer network infrastructure is in addition to implementing ANBK well as supporting the learning process for teachers and students for the availability of adequate internet access which can be used for learning purposes. Design of computer network infrastructure to support learning and internet facility infrastructure standards in schools is applied using the PPDIOO concept, namely, Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate and Optimize. The results of this study indicate that the computer network infrastructure planning is as expected. The ANBK implementation running normally, the results of the bandwidth usage test as a whole running normally and the internet could be accessed very well in the school environment.

Fiber to The Home (FTTH) Network Design Using Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) Technology Using Link Power Budget and Rise Time Budget Analysis in Cibeber Village Tasikmalaya

Fiber optic is a transmission medium that can transmit information with large capacity. One of the developments in local fiber access networks is FTTH (Fiber to The Home). The construction of the FTTH network uses Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) technology so that it can provide broadband services to customers with a wider range. This research was studied by designing FTTH based on GPON technology in Cibeber Village, Manonjaya District. The existing condition of the FTTH network in Cibeber Village is that there are 2 Optical Distribution Points (ODP) for 20 customers with each ODP having 10 subscribers. From the results of the location survey by measuring the distance to each customer, the furthest distance to the customer for the two ODPs was obtained, so that 2 new ODPs were needed for the design. From the design of the new optical network infrastructure, it has been analyzed using the link power budget and rise time budget method based on the customer with the farthest distance before the addition of ODP has a Power Receive sensitivity of -16.631 dBm to -15.631 dBm on the uplink and -16.644 dBm to -15.574 dBm on the downlink, these results are in accordance with the expected standard, which ranges from -8 dBm to -27 dBm. In calculating the value of the rise time budget for customers after the addition of ODP, it has a value of 0.2044 ns to 0.2039 ns on the uplink and 0.2188 ns to 0.21574 ns on the downlink. This value is still below the standard time limit set by PT. Telkom Indonesia 0.56 ns for uplink and 0.292 ns for downlink. So based on this the results of the design are feasible to implement.

A Steiner Tree based efficient network infrastructure design in 5G urban vehicular networks

Autonomous or assisted driving under next-generation vehicular applications requires a very high data rate with ultra-reliable low latency. The design of a proper network infrastructure plays a primary role in supporting these demands. This necessitates the network infrastructure nodes, i.e., the edge nodes and 5G RSUs, to be efficiently placed and connected across a smart city in a cost-effective manner. Such planning under a restricted capital expenditure budget presents a significant research challenge. We address this issue by formulating it as a Steiner Tree with Profits, Budget and Hop constraint problem for designing cost-efficient network infrastructure in an urban vehicular scenario. The optimization maximizes the long-term profits under the budget and hops constraint. The problem under consideration is a known NP-hard problem, and therefore, we have employed a Breakout Local Search based heuristic to solve it. Performance evaluation with actual traffic in real cities with diverse setups reveals crucial insights for designing cost-efficient network infrastructure in 5G urban vehicular networks.

Enhanced clustering based routing protocol in vehicular ad‐hoc networks

AbstractA vehicular ad‐hoc network (VANET) is derived from a mobile ad‐hoc network that is a part of less infrastructure network design. Vehicular communication in VANET can be achieved using vehicle‐to‐infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) communication. A vehicle communicates with other vehicles through onboard units while communicating with roadside units in an infrastructure mode. Secure clustering is required for the communication between nodes in the whole network. The fundamental problem with the VANET is the instability of the network that occurs due to vehicles' mobile nature, which decreases the network's efficiency. This research proposes an enhanced cluster‐based lifetime protocol ECBLTR that focuses on maximising the network's stability of routing and average throughput. The Sugeno model fuzzy inference system is used for assessing the cluster head (CH) that takes residual energy, local distance, node degree, concentration, and distance from the base station as input parameters. Our enhanced routing protocol shows that the proper channel model with an efficient routing protocol enhances the link throughput of the VANET for fixed network size. Our results show an efficient selection method of CH through the fuzzy system and a 10% increase in network lifetime. Furthermore, performance evaluation also demonstrates the impact of network sizes and routing protocols on packet delivery ratio and packet loss, average end‐to‐end delay, and overhead transmission.

Mapping the lifelines: how the design of infrastructure networks impacts on transformation in dispersed territories

Besides compact cities, Western Europe is characterised by low-density dispersion, resulting in a landscape with elements of both city and land. These dispersed territories offer an alternative to a traditional urban–rural dichotomy framework and have been put forward as twenty-first-century cities. However, these territories are currently facing urgent and complex socio-economic and ecological challenges. One such territory is the Eurometropolis Lille–Kortrijk–Tournai, a transnational region on the border of Belgium and France. The hypothesis is that the evolution of the Eurometropolis territory is closely intertwined with its infrastructure networks. The structure of this article is threefold. First, it describes the non-binary condition in which the Eurometropolis is situated. Second, it analyses the evolution of infrastructure networks in the Eurometropolis from the late eighteenth century to today through case studies. Third, it highlights the potential future role of infrastructure networks in providing answers to large-scale challenges. The research presented in this article demonstrates that transformation in dispersed territories is closely related to the evolution of their infrastructure networks. Moreover, infrastructure – such as waterways, railways and roads – has enabled an urban condition without urban form in the Eurometropolis dispersed territories. In the light of these findings, the article shows that the inherent nature of dispersed territories can be influenced by rethinking these infrastructures to proactively address the collective challenges at stake.

Intent-driven autonomous network and service management in future cellular networks: A structured literature review

Intent-driven networks are an essential stepping stone in the evolution of network and service management towards a truly autonomous paradigm. User centric intents provide an abstracted means of impacting the design, provisioning, deployment and assurance of network infrastructure and services with the help of service level agreements and minimum network capability exposure. The concept of Intent Based Networking (IBN) poses several challenges in terms of the contextual definition of intents, role of different stakeholders, and a generalized architecture. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art in IBN including the intent description models, intent lifecycle management, significance of IBN and a generalized architectural framework along with challenges and prospects for IBN in future cellular networks. An analytical study is performed on the data collected from relevant studies primarily focusing on the inter-working of IBN with softwarized networking based on NFV/SDN infrastructures. Critical functions required in the IBN management and service model design are explored with different abstract modeling techniques and a converged architectural framework is proposed. The key findings include: (1) benefits and role of IBN in autonomous networking, (2) improvements needed to integrate intents as fundamental policies for service modeling and network management, (3) need for appropriate representation models for intents in domain agnostic abstract manner, and (4) need to include learning as a fundamental function in autonomous networks. These observations provide the basis for in-depth investigation and standardization efforts for IBN as a fundamental network management paradigm in beyond 5G cellular networks.

Analysis on functionalities and security features of Internet of Things related protocols

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is characterized by the adoption of different protocols and standards to enable communications among heterogeneous and, often, resource-constrained devices. The risk of violation is high due to the wireless nature of the communication protocols usually involved in the IoT environments (e.g., e-health, smart agriculture, industry 4.0, military scenarios). For such a reason, proper security countermeasures must be undertaken, in order to prevent and react to malicious attacks, which could hinder the data reliability. In particular, the following requirements should be addressed: authentication, confidentiality, integrity, and authorization. This paper aims at investigating such security features, which are often combined with native functionalities, in the most known IoT-related protocols: MQTT, CoAP, LoRaWAN, AMQP, RFID, ZigBee, and Sigfox. The advantages and weaknesses of each one will be revealed, in order to point out open issues and best practices in the design of efficient and robust IoT network infrastructure.

Aligning Biobanks and Data Integration Centers Efficiently (ABIDE_MI).

ABIDE_MI is a complementary funded 18 months project within the German Medical Informatics Initiative (MII), which aims to align IT infrastructures and regulatory/governance structures between biobanks/biobanking IT and the MII data integration centres (DIC) at German university hospitals. A major task in 2021 was the systematic collection of all documents describing rules, as well as proposal/contract templates for data and biosample use and access at each of the participating 24 university hospitals and their comparison with MII-wide consented data sharing principles, documents and governance structures. This comparison revealed large heterogeneity across the ABIDE_MI sites and further, redundant structures/regulations currently established at the German university hospitals. A second task was the design and stepwise development of an IT network infrastructure with central components (data and biosample query portal) and decentralized standardized FHIR servers to capture the standardized FHIR-based core data set modules (resources) defined within the MII working group "Interoperability". Subsequent steps in the project are the harmonization of the data and biosample sharing governance/regulation frameworks at each ABIDE_MI site, creating synergies for the research infrastructures at the German university hospitals and to link those resources to the German Portal for Medical Research Data and with the BBMRI-ERIC Directory and Negotiator tools.

Pengembangan Infrastruktur Jaringan Untuk Meningkatkan Pelayanan Publik di Kota Palembang

Technological advances will always develop following the progress of science. Internet technology has a great influence in every aspect, especially in the implementation of the service function of the Government to every citizen in need. The Publik Service Sector deals with communities in need with the government as a service-providing institution. The government is required to be able to keep up with the development of technology in service to the community more effectively, efficiently, quickly and accurately. With the internet network technology can be used to build an electronic-based government service system or E-Government. The use of information technology can change the pattern of publik services in reducing corruption, financial transparency, convenience of services and increasing revenue in each region. However, each region with its own geographical conditions of course there are still people in the lower middle class or the poor who have not been able to access publik services of their government, So in this thesis, researchers are interested in developing network infrastructure design so that people in villages or villages, especially RT who have minimal access, can enjoy publik services in Palembang City

Modeling Uplink Coverage Performance in Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Networks

Once deemed a far-fetched vision, emerging deployments of massive satellite constellations will soon offer true global coverage. When these constellations overlay the evolving terrestrial networks, a new hybrid continuum is formed which has the potential to provide uninterrupted coverage. In this letter, we provide an analytic framework for the uplink coverage probability in hybrid satellite-terrestrial networks. The framework extends well-developed terrestrial models that utilize tools from stochastic geometry by incorporating an additional layer that fits the emerging next generation satellite-terrestrial networks. The letter captures the impact of both (i) the constellation size, and (ii) the terrestrial base station density on the coverage of the uplink traffic which is dominant in applications relying on wireless sensor networks, such as the Internet of Things. This framework provides insights that guide the design of hybrid network infrastructures for a desired quality of service.

Wireless network requirements and solutions for the future circular collider: A hostile indoor environment

The European organization for nuclear research (CERN) is planning a high performance particle collider by 2050, which will update the currently used Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The design of the new experiment facility includes the definition of a suitable communication infrastructure to support the future needs of scientists. The huge amount of data collected by the measurement devices call for a data rate of at least 1Gb/s per node, while the need of timely control of instruments requires a low latency of the order of 0.01μs. Moreover, the main tunnel will be 100 km long, and will need appropriate coverage for voice and data traffic, in a special underground environment subject also to strong radiations. Reliable voice, data and video transmission in a tunnel of this length is necessary to ensure timely and localized intervention, reducing access time. In addition, using wireless communication for voice, control and data acquisition of accelerator technical systems could lead to a significant reduction in cabling costs, installation times and maintenance efforts. The communication infrastructure of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) tunnel must be able to circumvent the problems of radioactivity, omnipresent in the tunnel. Current technologies transceivers cannot transmit in such a severely radioactive environment. This is due to the immediate destruction of any active or passive equipment by radioactivity. The scope of this paper is to determine the feasibility of robust wireless transmission in an underground radioactive tunnel environment. The network infrastructure design to meet the demand will be introduced, and the performance of different wireless technologies will be evaluated.

Modeling Optimal Location Distribution for Deployment of Flying Base Stations as On-Demand Connectivity Enablers in Real-World Scenarios.

The amount of internet traffic generated during mass public events is significantly growing in a way that requires methods to increase the overall performance of the wireless network service. Recently, legacy methods in form of mobile cell sites, frequently called cells on wheels, were used. However, modern technologies are allowing the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) as a platform for network service extension instead of ground-based techniques. This results in the development of flying base stations (FBS) where the number of deployed FBSs depends on the demanded network capacity and specific user requirements. Large-scale events, such as outdoor music festivals or sporting competitions, requiring deployment of more than one FBS need a method to optimally distribute these aerial vehicles to achieve high capacity and minimize the cost. In this paper, we present a mathematical model for FBS deployment in large-scale scenarios. The model is based on a location set covering problem and the goal is to minimize the number of FBSs by finding their optimal locations. It is restricted by users’ throughput requirements and FBSs’ available throughput, also, all users that require connectivity must be served. Two meta-heuristic algorithms (cuckoo search and differential evolution) were implemented and verified on a real example of a music festival scenario. The results show that both algorithms are capable of finding a solution. The major difference is in the performance where differential evolution solves the problem six to eight times faster, thus it is more suitable for repetitive calculation. The obtained results can be used in commercial scenarios similar to the one used in this paper where providing sufficient connectivity is crucial for good user experience. The designed algorithms will serve for the network infrastructure design and for assessing the costs and feasibility of the use-case.

An analytical approach for optimization of computer network design considering the integration of the communication and power infrastructures

SummaryNowadays, computer networks are critical to the success of small and large businesses. They connect people, support applications and services, and provide access to the resources that keep the businesses running. Our work proposes analytical models and a methodology for supporting the optimization of the network infrastructure design, considering both technical and business oriented metrics, such as availability, reliability, and total cost. The integration of communication and power infrastructures is supported by this methodology. The dependability (availability/reliability) models were created using the Reliability Block Diagram and Stochastic Petri Net modeling mechanisms following a hierarchical approach. A case study considering the design of a real‐world network infrastructure is presented to illustrate the proposed methodology. The results showed a significant reduction in the design complexity as well as an improvement in the relationship between technical and business aspects.

The Material Politics of Infrastructure NetworksInfrastructure Design and Territorial Transformation in Belgium, 1830–40s

AbstractThis article delves into the processes of territorial transformation by foregrounding the material dimension of infrastructure. The entry of the research is infrastructure network design and planning. We will trace the concepts of territorial transformation inscribed into the material layout of large technical systems by analyzing the discourse of engineers and policy makers involved in the conception of infrastructure networks. In so doing, the material politics of infrastructure networks will be studied: How did engineers and policy makers design infrastructure to generate a specific territorial transformation? Moreover, how did technological plans hold the idea that one could influence modernization processes by means of a territorial transformation instigated by infrastructure? The neutral status of technology is thus fundamentally challenged by showing that engineers, in association with policy makers, were essential actors in the planned transformation of the territory as they organized infrastructure networks according to specific ideas relating spatial and societal transformation. The article focuses on two decades after the independence of Belgium (1831), when engineers conceived comprehensive networks of rails, waterways, and roads. The material politics of two major public works initiatives will be analyzed: (1) the centrally positioned railway network that connected all industrial centers within the territory as well as with the markets of neighboring countries, positioning Belgium into Europe as international turntable, and (2) a network of roads and canals in peripheral, so-called unproductive, regions that had to integrate these regions within national borders, and indeed extend these borders, as well as buffer and govern the side-effects and risks generated by the accelerating industrialization in the central parts of the nation.

Enhancing Branch Office Network Availability Using Cloud EoIP Gateway

Abstract Since internet service is mostly available in many countries, tunneling solution over an internet link often used in the company for network communication between its multi-regional branches. The current state of the art solution consisting of an EoIP tunnel combined with IPsec installed on the Head Quarter of the company. Researchers see this solution as prone to total network disruption when the HQ loses its internet service. With the rising trend of cloud computing development, researchers then propose a multi-region network infrastructure design consist of MikroTik devices and Cloud platforms using EoIP IPsec protocol. Cloud platform used as an EoIP IPsec gateway due to its high availability. From the implementation and testing, the EoIP Cloud gateway proved to have high network availability. Branch network communication proved to be running well with no impact on the HQ loss of internet services. IPsec also proved to be secure enough to secure user data transmitted over the internet. From the QoS findings, there is a 24ms drop in delay performance and 0,66 ms drop in jitter performance. The EoIP IPsec on cloud platform also proved to have a 0,97% improvement in throughput performance and has a 0% packet loss rate.

Wildlife-vehicle collisions in Hurungwe Safari Area, northern Zimbabwe

This study is the first to assess wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC) in Zimbabwe. The study analysed the impact and factors that influence vehicle collisions with large wild mammals along the Harare-Chirundu road section in the protected Hurungwe Safari Area, northern Zimbabwe. Data were retrieved from the Hurungwe Safari Area records and covered the period between 2006 and 2013. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the recorded variables across the sampled area and to show trends of the prevalence of large wild mammals roadkill over time. Using STATISTICA version 10 for Windows, a two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine differences between the number of wild mammal animal roadkills and seasons. A total of 47 large wild mammal animals were killed between 2006 and 2013. The large wild mammal animals that died as a result of vehicle collisions constituted a total of 11 species, with the African buffalo and spotted hyena being the most hit and killed animal species. Most WVC involved heavy haulage trucks and passenger buses. There was no significance difference (P = 0.936) between number of large wild mammal animals killed from WVC between dry and wet seasons. The large wild mammal animals were mostly killed in areas near water sources. We recommend for the inclusion of wildlife protection safeguards in road infrastructure network design and development, particularly on roads that traverse across protected areas in Zimbabwe and beyond.