Design Of Equipment Research Articles

Pengendalian Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja Menggunakan Metode Job Sefety Analysis Pada Pekerjaan Glass Cleaning Di PT. KSO APS ISS

The KSO APS ISS company is one of the cleaning companies in Indonesia which is located in the Tangerang Banten area. In carrying out its work cycle operations, it uses a lot of chemicals, heavy level machines and potentially dangerous B3 materials. During work there are various potential and risk factors that cause work accidents and work-related illnesses. Company performance, especially in terms of work productivity, is often disrupted as a result of ignoring occupational safety and health rules in carrying out work. The aim of this research is to find out what factors cause work accidents and how to prevent or control risks in Glass Cleaning work in order to reduce the occurrence of work accidents. This research uses the Job Safety Analysis method. The Job Safety Analysis method is a way to look at work techniques and find dangers from the design of machines, equipment, materials, climate and work processes needed by workers to do their work. The research design used is qualitative which is used to describe explanations related to hazard identification, risk evaluation and risk control in glass cleaning work. The results of research using the JSA identification method contained no extreme and high risk jobs, 3 medium risk jobs and 5 low risk jobs.

Two-Fluid and Discrete Population Balance Model for Simulation of Batch Sedimentation Relevant to Plutonium Reconversion

There are widespread occurrence and application of solid-liquid sedimentation processes among different industries. Therefore, it becomes important to understand the hydrodynamic inside the process equipment and particle agglomeration characteristics. In the present work, solid-liquid sedimentation is analyzed, which will be helpful for the design of continuous process equipment in plutonium (Pu) reconversion. Experiments were carried out in a batch settler to understand solid sedimentation in suspension in terms of varying the overall solid fractions. Euler-Euler two-fluid simulations were performed to investigate the local and overall solid phase volume fraction distributions, position of the active interface (AI) (settling curve), axial solid phase velocity, and pressure distributions during settling, and selected data were compared with the measured data. Further, the discrete population balance model (PBM) with different agglomeration kernels was used with the two-fluid computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to understand and further improve predictions in terms of the AI position. The variation in number density of the different particles in the settler with time was investigated. The predicted results show that agglomeration is dominant during the sedimentation process and application of the discrete PBM with the CFD model enhances the predictive capability in comparison with the predictions obtained from only the two-fluid model. The results reported using CFD+PBM will aid in the design of continuous process equipment (thickener/precipitator) for Pu reconversion.

Ergonomic wellness for the trainee in gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Endoscopy-related injuries (ERIs) are prevalent in gastrointestinal endoscopy. The aim of this review is to address the growing concern of ERIs by evaluating the ergonomic risk factors and the efficacy of interventions and educational strategies aimed at mitigating these risks, including novel approaches. ERIs are highly prevalent, exacerbated by factors such as repetitive strain, nonneutral postures, suboptimal equipment design, and the procedural learning curve. Female sex and smaller hand sizes have been identified as specific risk factors. Recent guidelines underscore the importance of ergonomic education and the integration of ergonomic principles into the foundational training of gastroenterology fellows. Advances in equipment design focus on adaptability to different hand sizes and ergonomic positions. Furthermore, the incorporation of microbreaks and macrobreaks, along with neutral monitor and bed positioning, has shown promise in reducing the incidence of ERIs. Wearable sensors may be helpful in monitoring and promoting ergonomic practices among trainees. Ergonomic wellness is paramount for gastroenterology trainees to prevent ERIs and ensure a sustainable career. Effective strategies include ergonomic education integrated into curricula, equipment design improvements, and procedural adaptations such as scheduled breaks and optimal positioning. Sensor-based and camera-based systems may allow for education and feedback to be provided regarding ergonomics to trainees in the future.

Precision Sports Science: What Is Next for Data Analytics for Athlete Performance and Well-Being Optimization?

In elite sports, athletic excellence demands meticulous performance preparation and a sound health status. This paper overviews the current propositions and applications of pervasive computing and data analytics and our vision on how they should be used in future frameworks to contribute to the optimal balance of athletes’ performance and health requirements. Two main areas will be discussed. The first area is Sports Performance Optimization, in which we consider interesting recent advancements in data analytics for performance improvement, equipment design, and team member recruitment and selection. We will also briefly discuss how the betting industry has been relaying and developing sports analytics. The second area is Athlete’s Wellness and Wellbeing, which will discuss how wearables and data analytics have been used to assess physical activity and sedentary behavior profiles, sleep and circadian rhythm, nutrition and eating behavior, menstrual cycles, and training/performance readiness. In the final part of this paper, we argue that a critical issue for managers to enhance their decision making is the standardization of acquired information and decision-making processes, while introducing an adaptable, personalized approach. Thus, we present and discuss new theoretical and practical approaches that could potentially address this problem and identify precision medicine as a recommended methodology. This conceptualization involves the integration of pervasive computing and data analytics by employing predictive models that are constantly updated with the outcomes from monitoring tools and athletes’ feedback interventions. This framework has the potential to revolutionize how athletes’ performance and well-being are monitored, assessed, and optimized, contributing to a new era of precision in sports science and medicine.

Sewage Sludge Plasma Gasification: Characterization and Experimental Rig Design

The treatment of wastewater worldwide generates substantial quantities of sewage sludge (SS), prompting concerns about its environmental impact. Various approaches have been explored for SS reuse, with energy production emerging as a viable solution. This study focuses on harnessing energy from domestic wastewater treatment (WWT) sewage sludge through plasma gasification. Effective syngas production hinges on precise equipment design which, in turn, depends on the detailed feedstock used for characterization. Key components of plasma gasification include the plasma torch, reactor, heat exchanger, scrubber, and cyclone, enabling the generation of inert slag for landfill disposal and to ensure clean syngas. Designing these components entails considerations of sludge composition, calorific power, thermal conductivity, ash diameter, and fusibility properties, among other parameters. Accordingly, this work entails the development of an experimental setup for the plasma gasification of sewage sludge, taking into account a comprehensive sludge characterization. The experimental findings reveal that domestic WWT sewage sludge with 40% humidity exhibits a low thermal conductivity of approximately 0.392 W/mK and a calorific value of LHV = 20.78 MJ/kg. Also, the relatively low ash content (17%) renders this raw material advantageous for plasma gasification processes. The integration of a detailed sludge characterization into the equipment design lays the foundation for efficient syngas production. This study aims to contribute to advancing sustainable waste-to-energy technologies, namely plasma gasification, by leveraging sewage sludge as a valuable resource for syngas production.

СТРУКТУРА ПРИЧИН ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ ПОЖАРОВ НА ОБЪЕКТАХ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ

The causes of fires at industrial facilities of the Russian Federation in general and in individual industries were studied on the basis of statistical information. It has been shown that most often – in 36 % of cases – the cause of a fire is a violation of the rules for the design and operation of electrical equipment. In 22 % of cases, a fire occurs due to careless handling of fire, in 11 % of cases – due to violation of the rules for the design and operation of vehicles. The distributions of the frequency of fire occurrence for various reasons for enterprises in different industries are given. An analysis of the most common causes of fire in general for industrial enterprises and for individual industries was carried out. Measures are proposed that will minimize the likelihood of fires and explosions in industrial enterprises.

Investigation of Microstructure, Oxides, Cracks, and Mechanical Properties of Ti-4Al-2V Joints Prepared Using Underwater Wet Laser Welding.

Developing advanced underwater welding technology for titanium, which is the key structural material for underwater applications, is of great significance for the design, fabrication, and maintenance of submarine equipment. In this study, in order to investigate the underwater welding microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-4Al-2V alloy, underwater wet laser welding was conducted on Ti-4Al-2V alloy using varying laser power. The microstructure and properties of the welding joints were characterized and analyzed. The microstructure of the heat-affected zone and fusion zone in the welding joints are not significantly different from those of welding in air, but a mixed oxide layer composed of Al2O3 and TiO2 is formed on the surface of the fusion zone. Due to internal stress, a large number of cracks initiate on the oxide layer and propagate to the joints. In the 4 kW and 5 kW joints, a penetrating crack formed due to the excessive accumulation of internal stress breaking up the α phase. The mechanical properties of the joints are significantly affected by the laser power. The tensile strength of the 3 kW and 4 kW joints is comparable to that of the base metal, which is about 600 MPa, while the 5 kW joint shows brittle fracture with no plastic deformation and 228 MPa strength. This research lays a solid foundation for understanding the underwater wet laser welding behavior of titanium alloys.

Числовий аналіз впливу стрічкових включень на концентрацію напружень в тонких циліндричних і конічних оболонках з прямокутними отворами

Thin-walled plate-shell structures are widely used in various branches of technology and the national economy, in particular in the aerospace industry, the oil and gas industry, power engineering, construction, etc. The continuity of such structures is often disrupted by various inhomogeneities in the form of openings, inclusions, recesses, cracks, etc., which are local stress concentrators. Reducing the concentration of the stresses that develop in the vicinity of such structural inhomogeneities is an important problem in deformable solid mechanics. In particular, a pressing problem in the design of new equipment in modern mechanical engineering is a significant reduction in material consumption and an increase in the service life of cast parts taking into account the use of new materials and technologies. Such parts are responsible for the competitiveness of new equipment for various industries. This paper presents the results of a numerical simulation and analysis of the stress and strain field of thin-walled cylindrical and truncated conical shells with rectangular openings and tape inclusions around them. The material of the inclusions has properties that differ from those of the base material of the shells. The effect of the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the inclusions on the parameters of the stress and strain field in the vicinity of the openings was studied by varying the elastic modulus of the inclusion material and the inclusion width. For definiteness, the inclusions were assumed to be homogeneous and located in the shell plane. The stress and strain intensity distributions in the zones of local stress concentration were obtained. The numerical results for shells of both shapes were compared with the corresponding results for shells with a circular opening. The study showed that the presence of a “soft” homogeneous tape inclusion helps in reducing the stress concentration around rectangular openings by ~ (21 – 54) % depending on the width of the inclusion and its elastic modulus, both in cylindrical and in conical shells. Unlike shells with a circular opening, in this case the presence of inclusions does not cause the mechanical effect of shifting the stress concentration zone from the contour of the opening to the interface between the materials.

Remanufacturing Assessment of Machine Tools under a Circular Economy Perspective: A Resource Conservation Initiative

Machine tools are recognized as goods-generating equipment that constitute the realm of manufacturing facilities, providing the means of production for the generation of consumer products. This work explores the possibility of implementing sustainability concepts, employing criteria from a circular economy in the design and manufacturing of new equipment, using existing structural elements as the basis for the development of these machines. Stamping presses for automotive body panels were considered as the focus of this study. A quantitative evaluation of the possibilities for reusing existing components was developed using an algebraic tool, through the creation of algorithms that facilitate the comparative analysis of production costs and delivery lead times. Additionally, a case study was conducted to assess the capability of these algorithms to provide results, presented as comparative indicators that should be taken into consideration and may assist in the decision-making process regarding the implementation or not of the possibilities presented by the study. The simulation performed proved to be proficient, providing data that can guide decision making regarding the reuse of the chosen structural elements, based on their soundness verified through inspections conducted by the machine designers.

Sources, persistence, and current inactivation methods of foodborne pathogens in legumes

Legumes and legume-derived products are consumed in large quantities for their nutritional value as well as for their taste. Their sustainability and affordability are commendable, and legumes are a low-glycemic-index food that is high in protein and fibre while still being satiating. Legumes are commonly consumed as choice meals, particularly by vegetarians and vegans as a meat substitute, and they account for a significant portion of the dietary intake in many countries. The huge trend of vegan diets has prompted the industrial growth of legumes and pulses. The increased production within the shortest period to fulfil the expanding demand has put them at a higher risk of contamination with pathogenic microbes, rendering consumer safety uncertain. The objective of this review was to draw attention to the sources of microbiological contamination in legumes, the persistence of foodborne pathogens in legumes, and the existing techniques of foodborne pathogen inactivation. Water, surfaces, and human contact are all factors to consider, as is the risk linked with inadequate sanitation, poor equipment design, and improper handling. The foodborne pathogen, though seemingly unavoidable, can be minimized or inactivated using a variety of thermal and nonthermal procedures used prior to and after harvesting of legumes, as well as throughout the manufacturing and processing process.

Optimizing Plate Heat Exchanger Design for Steam Condensate Recovery Systems

Condensate water is typically generated as a by-product during the use of steam as a medium for heat transfer. In order to optimize the transfer area, the chemical industry often employs heat exchangers, such as the plate heat exchanger (PHE), which provides flexibility in adjusting the space area for heat transfer. This case study examines the optimization of plate geometry dimensions to enhance the heat transfer process of PHE equipment design. The optimization process involves mathematical equations and a literature review of the design of this type of heat exchanger. Improving the dimensional aspect of the plate geometry results in an increase in the overall heat transfer coefficient (U) and a reduction in the number of design requirements used. The study's estimation results suggest that the PHE design has a limitation on plate dimensions, which should be less than 0.3×0.6 m. Additionally, it is important to consider the pressure drop value, which should not exceed 29.07 kPa. A review of the chemical industry field provided estimated options for plate size and quantity, both of which support the optimization of heat transfer rate and design constraint thresholds. The implementation of the design has been found to enhance the performance of the planning process for recovering steam condensate water.

Presenting a new model for evaluating the factors affecting equipment reliability using system dynamics

AbstractThis study examines reliability of equipment (RoE) through three approaches: equipment design reliability, human reliability (HR), and maintenance‐based reliability. HR plays a key role in minimizing human error (HE) and subsequently enhancing RoE. Given that equipment reliability is influenced by numerous factors, these technologies come with various constraints, multiple outputs, and inputs. Compared to mathematical programming and analytical models, simulation methods in the field of reliability are relatively limited. However, system dynamics (SD) modeling is well‐suited to capture dynamics and complexity of systems, making it a valuable tool for long‐term strategic decision‐making. In this study, a combination of SD and regression approaches has been employed to explore the relationship between reliability and key variables such as HE and profit. Initially, the variables influencing reliability are identified, and then SD is utilized to understand the processes and interactions among these variables. Furthermore, linear regression is employed to establish the relationship between affective variables, reliability, and HE. To validate the results obtained from the proposed method, a sensitivity analysis is conducted. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Simulation results indicate that implementing policies such as employee training and preventive maintenance significantly enhances RoE, leading to increased sales and profits for the organization. Therefore, managers should prioritize these variables and allocate adequate attention and resources to them.

Influence of Heat Treatment on Flow Behaviour Index of Dairy Cream

The objective of the experiment was to gather data on the flow behaviour index of dairy cream under different heat treatments and subsequent temperature changes. Dairy cream samples with fat content of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% & 60% was subjected to different heat treatments i.e., 80°C/No hold, 85°C/No hold, 90°C/No hold & 95C°/No hold. The flow behaviour index of such heat-treated samples was evaluated at every 10°C upon cooling from 80°C or 70°C as the case may be till 10°C at 250 S-1 shear rate using rheometer. It was observed that at 10°C, 20°C, 30°C and 40°C temperature of measurement, the fat content of cream and the heat treatment applied to the cream demonstrated a significant impact (p<0.05) on the flow behavior index, while their interaction effect was found to be not significant (p>0.05). Conversely, at sample temperature between 50°C to 80°C, the fat content of the cream exhibited a significant (p<0.05) effect on the flow behavior index, while the heat treatment applied to the cream and the interaction effect were not significant (p>0.05). These data are useful to dairy equipment designer for selection of proper sizing of equipment.

A strategy of mixed tube bundle to improve anti-deposition performance and heat transfer

Ash deposition is a key issue that limits the energy utilization and safety operation of high-energy-consuming equipment in industrial applications, and the clarification of the heat and mass transfer process under ash deposition is vital. To improve the anti-deposition performance of tube bundles and mitigate heat transfer deterioration, a mixed strategy with attached small cylinders arranged behind the tube has been proposed, which overcomes the difficulties faced by irregular and extended surface tube bundles in manufacturing, cleaning, maintenance, and energy consumption. A CFD model incorporating multiple deposition mechanisms is established to investigate the dynamic deposition behavior, heat transfer characteristics, and comprehensive performance of the tube bundles. In particular, the dynamic growth process of the deposition layer on heat transfer surface in this work is achieved through a dynamic mesh smoothing method based on inverse distance weighting interpolation. Parametric studies are conducted on different arrangements and angles (α = 15° - 65°) of the attached cylinders to obtain the optimal comprehensive performance design. The results show that the attached cylinders suppress the formation and development of the wake vortex caused by the primary tube bundle, significantly enhancing the anti-deposition performance of the tube bundles. The length of vortex evolution increases and the separation point of the boundary layer extends with the angles, leading to a transition of the vortex shedding regime between tube bundles. Compared to the benchmark case, Case 1 exhibits a higher anti-deposition and heat transfer performance, where the deposition mass decreases by 43.98% and the PEC reaches the maximum value of 1.11 at α = 45°, which delivers the best comprehensive performance. The results can provide more realistic predictions for the practical design, operation, and maintenance of thermal equipment.

An improved FMECA method for equipment reliability based on information fusion

Whether in the design and manufacturing stage of complex equipment, or in its operation and maintenance stage, equipment reliability is a key indicator. In order to improve and maintain the reliability of equipment, using FMECA method to determine the key components of equipment is an important foundation. To solve the problem of determining the key components of a complex reciprocating mechanical system, this paper proposes an improved FMECA method based on an adaptive weighted information fusion model, on the basis of the fuzzy FMECA method. By constructing an initial weight judgment support matrix, the weights of different information sources are determined, and the weight results of each influence factor are obtained. Finally, the comprehensive criticality of each fault mode is calculated to rank the importance of each component. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified using a complex reciprocating mechanical system as an example.

Design and Construction of a Website-Based Animal Equipment Sales Information System

Design and Construction of a Website-Based Animal Equipment Sales Information System

Design, Construction, and Investigation of the Drying Equipment Using Solar Power for Bangladeshi Fruits and Vegetables

In underdeveloped nations where fuel and electricity are expensive, crop drying using solar power is a practical and affordable method of food preservation. For farmers in rural areas, it can be difficult or impossible to preserve fruits for later use without access to fuel and huge drying systems. Drying of potatoes in the sun is carried out with industrial dryers integrating solar power. This experiment shows how to design and optimize drying systems for usage in developing nations. A model of an industrial sun-drying system has been created and validated through experimental testing. The ambient temperature is between 28°C and 33°C, while the drying chamber’s temperature ranges from 30°C to 48°C at a flow rate of 1.8 m/s. The moisture content of the dried potato sample was 84.7% and 8.27% under loaded conditions and using only silica gel respectively. We use a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel-powered heating element coil in combination with solar energy that improves the efficiency of agricultural dryers.

APPLICATION OF ERGONOMICS TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND WORK PRODUCTIVITY IN CLASS A MEDAN SEARCH AND RESCUE OFFICE

Ergonomics is a science that studies human behavior about the work carried out, ergonomics is also an applied science which is an interaction that explains the interaction between humans and their workplace. Ergonomics includes examining the physical capabilities of workers, the workplace environment, and the tasks being completed and applying this information to the design of tool models, equipment, and work methods required for overall task safety. A safe, healthy, and comfortable work environment can increase worker productivity. Therefore, K3 plays an important role in increasing productivity, safety, and comfort of workers, precisely at the Medan Class A Search and Rescue Office, it is necessary to apply ergonomics in all areas of work, both indoor workers and workers in the field.

Ergonomics Evaluation an Origin and Overview - Copy

ABSTRACT Ergonomics is the study of human abilities and characteristics which affect the design of equipment, systems, and jobs. The terms ergonomics and human factors can be used interchangeably. "Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of the interactions among human and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.“Origin - The name ergonomics officially proposed at a 1949 meeting of the British Admiralty (July 12), by Prof. Hugh Murrell. The name 'Ergonomics' officially accepted in 1950. The name Ergonomics was derived from the Greek words: Ergon - work; Nomos - natural law. First use of the word actually can be traced to a series of four articles written by Prof. Wojciech Jastrzebowski in Poland in 1857.Britain - The Ergonomic Society was formed in 1952 with people from psychology, biology, physiology, and design.United States - The Human Factors Society was formed in 1957. In the US "human factors engineering" was emphasized by the US military with concentration on human engineering and engineering psychology. US efforts also focused on the "role" of an individual within a complex system. Keywords ;

Experimental study on reinforcement of bionic grouser of deep-sea mining vehicle

To fulfill the operational demands of deep-sea tracked mining vehicles traversing soft seabed substrates, an evaluation of the characteristics of these substrates was conducted, drawing a comparison with the land swamp black soil found in the buffalo's habitat. Employing the principles of biomimicry, two distinct types of bionic grouser were devised, replicating the configuration of the buffalo's hooves in both the horizontal and vertical planes. Utilizing self-constructed testing platforms, exhaustive examinations of the reinforcement efficacy of these bionic track grousers were undertaken, spanning from single-grouser to multi-grouser configurations and encompassing the entire track assembly. The findings unequivocally demonstrate a pronounced and consistent enhancement in traction force for both types of bionic grousers. Notably, the W-shaped bionic grouser, mimicking the horizontal contour of the buffalo's hoof, exhibits the most substantial increase in traction force. The maximum enhancement in traction force for individual bionic grouser exceeds 30%, while the overall track achieves an increase of over 19%. This research provides a valuable reference and establishes a foundational framework for the design of equipment tailored for the locomotion of deep-sea tracked mining vehicles across soft substrates.