Design Of Dynamometer Research Articles

Design and construction of a dynamometer to evaluate the influence of cutting tool rake angle on cutting forces

In this study, the influence of cutting tool rake angle on the cutting forces developed during turning operation was evaluated. For this purpose, a dynamometer was designed and constructed to measure cutting forces. In this dynamometer design, measurement of the cutting tool deflection under the cutting forces was aimed using two beam type load cells located suitably according to the cutting tool. In order to examine the influence of rake angle, turning tests were carried out on AISI 1040 steel workpiece using eight different rake angles. The turning tests at each rake angle were conducted at five different cutting speeds while depth of cut and feed rate were kept constant. The results showed that cutting forces decreased with increasing the rake angle.

A dynamometer design for measurement the cutting forces on turning

The cutting forces generated in metal cutting have a direct influence on generation heat, tool wear or failure, quality of machined surface and accuracy of the work piece. In this study, a turning dynamometer that can measure static and dynamic cutting forces by using strain gauge and piezo-electric accelerometer respectively has been designed and constructed. The orientation of octagonal rings and strain gauge locations has been determined to maximize sensitivity and to minimize cross-sensitivity. The force signals were captured and processed using proper data acquisition system. The dynamometer has been subjected to a series of tests to determine its static and dynamic characteristics. The results obtained showed that the dynamometer could be used reliably to measure static and dynamic cutting forces.

A dynamometer design and its construction for milling operation

In this study, a strain gauge based dynamometer capable of measuring three-force components during metal cutting has been designed and constructed. In order to read and save the cutting force data automatically on a computer during metal cutting, a data acquisition system with the necessary hardware and software was also devised and connected to the developed dynamometer. Cutting force signals were captured and processed using a personal computer through operational amplifiers and analog-to-digital converter. Although the dynamometer was developed primarily for milling operations, it can be used to measure cutting forces during nearly all machining operations (turning, grinding, drilling, etc.). Machining tests were performed at different cutting parameters and the results showed that the dynamometer could be used reliably to measure cutting forces.

A New Method for Estimating Biomechanical Loading in Grip

The coupling between the hands and cylindrical handles was studied using simple gripping tasks and vector force measurements. Load transfer and twisting tasks were performed using bare aluminum handles and handles covered with a high friction material. Both tasks were performed using dry and oil saturated handles for three loads. Twelve subjects (6 males and 6 females) participated. Load and surface friction were changed to alter shearing and compression force requirements, which significantly affected grip force magnitude (p<.001). The transverse plane force vector angle did not change for the lifting task (p >.01), but significantly changed with torque and friction for the twisting task (p <.01). The total resolved force vector acting on the hand was measured and the associated biomechanical loading of finger flexor tendons was estimated. Estimates of tendon tension were also made for grip strength vector force data for 61 employees grasping five cylinder diameters. Estimated flexor tendon forces monotonically increased with increasing handle diameter while grip force magnitude declined for the largest handle diameters. Design of a new dynamometer is also described.

Three-Component, Strain Gage Based Milling Dynamometer Design And Manufacturing

In engineering applications, force measurements, particularly in machine tools, has been done widely. In this study, a dynamometer design and manufacturing, Strain Gage based, tree-component, compu...

Identification of knee joint models for varus-valgus and internal-external rotations: Snow skiing experiments

Sprains at the knee are the most frequent of the severe injuries occurring during alpine snow skiing. This paper discusses the development of analytical models describing rotations across the knee joint caused by varus-valgus and internal-external moments applied at the foot during skiing. Identification of an ARMAX model requires simultaneous measurements of the rotations across the knee and the moments at the foot during skiing. As the models only relate the measured input (moment) and output (rotation) data, they also identify components of apparent rotation resulting from imperfect fixation of the rotation measuring instrument on the test subject and resulting from other inputs. The models identified for all subjects are of order four or five for both varus-valgus and internal-external rotation, and they describe modes with oscillatory and exponentially decaying components. Application of the models to prediction of rotation across the knee from the measured moment at the foot is illustrated by example. A new, and virtually mechanically uncoupled, six degrees-of-freedom, strain gauge dynamometer is developed to record the moments at the foot during skiing. The concept of the dynamometer design has general application.

Analysis and performance testing of a dynamometer for use in drilling and allied processes

In this design of dynamometer the measurement of the forces and torques is carried out by the use of strain gauges fixed to the four spokes of a wheel-type workpiece carrier which are stressed by the influence of the cutting forces. The range of measurement covers thrusts from 20 lbf to 1500 lbf and torques from 15 lbf. in to 2000 lbf. in. In addition, it is possible to record simultaneously radial forces which may occur during drilling and similar processes. The behaviour of the dynamometer under dynamic conditions of loading has been studied. From the tests which determine the dynamic magnifier over a wide range of frequencies from zero to above the lowest natural frequency, a flat response was found to exist up to 150 c/s. Cutting tests have been carried out on mild steel (B.S. 15) and the results compare well with previous work.

The design, development and testing of a prototype boring dynamometer

The design, development and testing of a prototype boring dynamometer

A Milling Torquemeter of Planetary-Gear Design

A design of planetary-gear dynamometer or torquemeter, to measure tangential cutting forces in milling with a high degree of accuracy and sensitivity is described together with certain design considerations and limitations as well as associated force-measuring equipment. This device is a highly efficient, sensitive, and durable research tool for use in accurately determining the magnitude and manner of variation of the cutting force, energy, and power at the cutting edges of single-point or multiple-point milling cutters, as well as machine efficiency, in full-scale milling operations. Procedures and methods of determining values of tangential cutting force, specific cutting energy, and horsepower at the cutter from cutting-test data obtained with the torquemeter are given with examples.