Design Construction Research Articles

The Design and Fabrication of Engineered Tubular Tissue Constructs Enabled by Electrohydrodynamic Fabrication Techniques: A Review

AbstractElectrohydrodynamic processes have emerged as promising methods for fabricating polymetric fiber‐based artificial tubular tissues. Existing review articles focus on the biological applications and processing materials associated with electrohydrodynamic processes in artificial tubular constructs, while overlooking the design and fabrication of these constructs. To address this gap, this review article emphasizes the design and fabrication of tubular tissue constructs enabled by employing electrohydrodynamic processes. This article begins by presenting an overview of two electrohydrodynamic processes: solution electrospinning (SE) and melt electrowriting (MEW). It then delves into the control of the fiber diameter enabled by SE and MEW, offering insights into the manipulation of processing parameters to achieve desired fiber diameters. Additionally, the review highlights cutting‐edge strategies for electrohydrodynamic processes to create tubular structures with customized microarchitectures. This includes fiber alignment control for SE and pore morphology design for MEW. Moreover, the review covers the creation of customized macroscale tubular geometries through collector geometry design. Lastly, a comprehensive survey is presented for designing multiphasic tubular structures specifically for electrohydrodynamic techniques or in tandem with other techniques. The objective of this review is to offer a thorough understanding of the design considerations and potential applications of tubular structures fabricated by electrohydrodynamic processes.

Optimizing the production of dsRNA biocontrols in microbial systems using multiple transcriptional terminators.

Crop pests and pathogens annually cause over $220 billion in global crop damage, with insects consuming 5%-20%of major grain crops. Current crop pest and disease control strategies rely on insecticidal and fungicidal sprays, plant genetic resistance, transgenes, and agricultural practices. Double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) is emerging as a novel sustainable method of plant protection as an alternative to traditional chemical pesticides. Successful commercialization of dsRNA-based biocontrols requires the economical production of large quantities of dsRNA combined with suitable delivery methods to ensure RNAi efficacy against the target pest. In this study, we have optimized the design of plasmid DNA constructs to produce dsRNA biocontrols in Escherichia coli, by employing a wide range of alternative synthetic transcriptional terminators before measurement of dsRNA yield. We demonstrate that a 7.8-fold increase of dsRNA was achieved using triple synthetic transcriptional terminators within a dual T7 dsRNA production system compared to the absence of transcriptional terminators. Moreover, our data demonstratethat batch fermentation production dsRNA using multiple transcriptional terminators is scalable and generates significantly higher yields of dsRNA generated in the absence of transcriptional terminators at both small-scale batch culture and large-scale fermentation. In addition, we show that application of these dsRNA biocontrols expressed in E. coli cells results in increased insect mortality. Finally, novel mass spectrometry analysis was performed to determine the precise sites of transcriptional termination at the different transcriptional terminators providing important further mechanistic insight.

Calixarene‐Guest Complexes: The Next Innovation in Delivery of Drugs and Biologics

AbstractCalixarenes are third generation of macrocyclic molecules with excellent biocompatibility currently being researched extensively for their diverse potential as therapeutic candidates and for delivery of drugs and biologics. This review discusses the unique structural features which allow them to selectively bind to a wide variety of guest molecules within their hydrophobic cavity, as well as complex with other molecules on their upper and lower rims to enable their application for encapsulation of drugs for targeted and controlled release, molecular carriers for antigens and nucleic acids, and as biomedical sensors. The calixarenes’ unique host–guest chemistry enables encapsulation of lipophilic drugs in the latter's cavity, while the head groups and side chains on the upper and lower rim can be functionalized readily with various targeting moieties as peptides and biological ligands which specifically recognize and bind to cancer cells via surface receptors. The design of calixarene constructs help incorporation of multiple functionalities into a single platform. This active targeting approach enhances the accumulation of the drug at the tumor site while reducing its distribution in healthy tissues, thereby minimizing side effects. Ongoing research in exploration and optimization of calixarenes for application as targeted drug and gene delivery agents has been discussed.

Thermal performance of phase-change wall of a hotel building under hot-summer and cold-winter climate

ABSTRACT In China, the energy consumption in the building sector has increased tremendously in the past decades. It is important to investigate advanced passive energy-saving technologies for buildings. By applying phase-change materials in walls, the peak cooling/heating load can be significantly reduced. In the present study, a numerical model of one-dimensional heat transfer within a phase-change wall was developed and solved by Matlab, which was successfully validated with published data. Subsequently, the model was used to simulate the thermal performance of a phase-change wall in a hotel building in Shanghai, China. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the phase-change wall is optimized when the phase-change material is applied to both sides of the wall. Year-round heat transfer is minimized using layers of paraffin (C16-C28) and capric acid (2 cm), with phase-change temperatures of 43℃ and 16.3℃, respectively. The PCM wall reduces inwardthe inward heat transfer by 26.9% compared with a common wall without phase-change material. The outward heat loss is also reduced by 15.7% during the heating season. This study demonstrates that the PCM wall can effectively reduce indoor heat gain in summerin the summer and heat loss in winterin the winter. The numerical model has proven to be feasible for optimizing construction design.

Issues in the design of tissue-engineered collagen constructs and some approaches to their solution: A review

This review article analyzes modern literature sources on the design of bioinks and tissue-engineered constructs on the basis of soluble forms of collagen, including gelatin. The choice of soluble forms of collagen as a biopolymer basis for bioinks and this type of constructs is determined by their unique biocompatibility, bioresorbability, as well as the presence of adhesive sites (motifs) for binding cells with their subsequent proliferation and organ or tissue maturation. However, the poor mechanical properties of products derived from soluble collagens, rapid biodegradation, tendency to lose the solubility of highly viscous solutions when stored or with pH increase limit their application in tissue engineering. The use of more stable low-viscosity collagen solutions does not enable the creation of dimensionally stable tissue-engineered constructs. It is shown that the introduction of various water-soluble biocompatible polymeric additives into hydrogels on the basis of soluble collagens allows the above-mentioned problems to be solved, as well as providing a means to customize the required characteristics of bioinks and tissue-engineered constructs. The additives that improve their characteristics include biopolymers: silk sericin and fibroin, as well as alginates and fibrinogen, which can form cross-links in the presence of Ca2+. This type of crosslinking is shown to further improve the performance of these constructs. All of these biopolymers are commercially available. The article comparatively analyzes approaches to stabilizing the shape, improving the mechanical properties, and adjusting the bioresorption time of 3D printed tissue-engineered constructs during organ or tissue maturation.

Analysis and Experimental Study on the Stability of Large-Span Caverns’ Surrounding Rock Based on the Progressive Collapse Mechanism

The collapse failure of rock surrounding caverns involves a progressive collapse process. Based on the nonlinear Hoek–Brown failure criterion and the upper limit theorem, the whole process curve of the progressive collapse of the surrounding rock of a large-span cavern is outlined in this paper. The progressive collapse process of the surrounding rock of the large-span cavern is experimentally studied using an independently developed visualized large-span-cavern geomechanical model test device with variable angles. The results show that, through theoretical calculation and model tests, the surrounding rock at the top of the large-span cavern undergoes three collapses. Under the condition of rock mass and the shape of the cavern, the larger the span of the cavern, the more times the surrounding rock collapses; with the increase in surrounding rock pressure, the first collapse occurs in the middle part of the arch roof. When the overlying load reaches a certain level, the arch foot becomes the weakest part, and the rock undergoes shear failure along the arch foot, gradually extending upwards, accompanied by multiple collapses, forming a progressive collapse process. The theoretical calculation results of this paper are basically consistent with the scope of the model test, and the research results can provide a basis for the construction and support design of the large-span cavern.

Applying Ai Techniques To Analyze Soil Data And Improve Foundation Design In Construction In Iraq

In geotechnical engineering, building robust structures is crucial to ensure the bearing capacity of structures against external forces, so making sure soil strength and unreliable build cost and duration prediction are also very important and preliminary aspects of any construction project. Therefore, in this first-of-its-kind modern examine, the capability of various artificially intelligent (AI)-based models toward reliable forecasting and estimation of preliminary construction expenses, duration, and strength at shear is explored. First, background information about the revolutionary artificial intelligence (AI) technique along with its many distinct models ideal for geotechnical and building engineering problems is presented, The use of AI-based models in the literature for the aforementioned construction and maintenance applications is discussed in a number of current works, together with their benefits, drawbacks, and future directions. Several important input elements that significantly affect the preliminary price of construction, construction time, and soil's shear strength estimation are listed and given through analysis. Finally, some obstacles to employing AI-based models for precise forecasts in these applications are discussed, along with elements influencing the problems with cost overruns. Thus, this work can help civil engineers make effective use of artificial intelligence (AI) to solve difficult and risky tasks. It can also be used to Internet of Things (IoT) environments for self-learning applications like smart architectural health-monitoring systems

Machine learning solutions for enhanced performance in plant-based microbial fuel cells

It is well known that numerous operational, material and design variables act upon the performance of a plant-based microbial fuel cell which is an emerging sustainable and versatile energy device like hydrogen fuel cells. However, due to the high complexity of these bioelectrochemical systems, new solutions are required to optimize performance and uncover hidden relationships between dominant fuel cell variables. For this purpose, a database of 229 observations was created for plant-based microbial fuel cells (PMFCs) with 159 descriptor variables and a target variable (maximum power density) based on experimental results from 51 recent publications. Then, some machine learning solutions like principal component analysis (PCA), classification trees and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis were applied. The PCA indicated mainly two routes involving low and high chemical oxygen demand (COD) towards high maximum power density which consists of the plant family, wastewater type, support media, construction design, separator type, anode and cathode electrodes and light source. SHAP analysis revealed that the most important factors for high performance are operating temperature, natural light, soil support medium, and constructed wetland design. Finally, the classification tree successfully demonstrated nine routes towards high maximum power density which exclude the use of graphite plate cathode electrodes.

Preservice Physical Education Teachers’ Perceptions of Health-Related Fitness Self-Testing in a Teaching Methods Course

Purpose: This study explored how preservice physical education teachers (PPETs) perceive health-related fitness testing (HRFT) administered in a self-testing format with the aim to enhance their HRFT learning and better prepare them for future HRFT implementation. Methods: The study utilized a constructive phenomenological research design. A total of 11 PPETs participated in the study. Data were collected through a focus group interview, individual interviews, observation and field notes, and written assignments. Two researchers analyzed the data in NVivo 12. Results: Three findings were concluded from the data. First, the administration of self-testing engaged PPETs in active learning of HRFT. Second, PPETs reported positive attitudes toward self-testing when their needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness were satisfied. Lastly, PPETs identified challenges and proposed suggestions for completing and administrating HRFT. Conclusions: Self-testing may be used as an alternative approach to preparing PPETs for HRFT. More research is needed to examine the effectiveness and reliability of self-testing in educational settings.

ANALYSING THE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURAL TYPOLOGY OF SINDH AND BALOCHISTAN: DWELLINGS AND THEIR VERNACULAR DESIGN

This paper analyzes the vernacular architecture in the hot-arid regions of Balochistan and Sindh to identify indigenous construction techniques and design strategies that have been part of the vernacular architectural tradition of the aforementioned regions. The paper aims to connect the age-old oral traditions of the remote region concerning construction techniques and materiality that have been translated into the vernacular architectural language/construction methodologies, dwelling layouts, and the overall identity of the region. Through a case study methodology of the local housing typologies found in the selected regions, the research will analyze various dwelling archetypes and their construction materials found in the highlighted region, such as the Chapper House, Kothi House, Chaunro House, built using rammed earth, compressed earth blocks, bamboo, and adobe. Furthermore, the research methodology also involves the analysis of relevant passive design strategies found in the identified vernacular case studies, such as verandahs, courtyards, clustering of houses, ventilation, and Jaali's, which will be identified and analyzed to understand their effectiveness as vernacular design strategies in combating the challenges of the harsh desert climate. Keywords: Vernacular architecture, Passive Design, Dwellings, Extreme Climate, Vernacular Materials

Evolution of frames made of laminated timber

Structural constructions made of solid and laminated timber have been widely used in many countries around the world. The emergence of constructions made of laminated timber is due to the fact that obtaining a sufficient cross-section size from natural wood is quite difficult due to limitations. Laminating boards together allowed for larger dimensions of cross-section elements while preserving the positive properties of timber. With the advent of efficient laminating technologies, it became possible to manufacture a wide variety of timber constructions, including curved ones, opening up more possibilities for design using timber. Frames have become one of the main types of building structures due to their simplicity and functionality. Frames have been used by humanity since ancient times and continue to be one of the main constructive forms, which speaks to their eternal relevance and the need for further improvement and development of this constructive form. The study examines the process of the formation and development of frame constructions made of solid and laminated timber, which helps to better understand the processes that have influenced, are influencing, and will influence the calculation and design of frame constructions, thereby helping to formulate a more informed approach to designing and modifying this constructive form. The benefits of designing with laminated timber, its best application in construction and architecture, and the direct advantages of using frame constructions are once again revealed.

Computer-aided design and 3D printing for a stable construction of segmental bone defect model in Beagles: a short term observation

ObjectiveSegmental bone defect animal studies require stable fixation which is a continuous experimental challenge. Large animal models are comparable to the human bone, but with obvious drawbacks of housing and costs. Our study aims to utilize CAD and 3D printing in the construction of a stable and reproducible segmental bone defect animal mode.MethodsCAD-aided 3D printed surgical instruments were incorporated into the construction of the animal model through preoperative surgical emulation. 20 3D printed femurs were divided into either experimental group using 3D surgical instruments or control group. In Vitro surgical time and accuracy of fixation were analysed and compared between the two groups. A mature surgical plan using the surgical instruments was then utilized in the construction of 3 segmental bone defect Beagle models in vivo. The Beagles were postoperatively assessed through limb function and imaging at 1, 2 and 3 months postoperatively.ResultsIn vitro experiments showed a significant reduction in surgical time from 40.6 ± 14.1 (23–68 min) to 26 ± 4.6 (19–36 min) (n = 10, p < 0.05) and the accuracy of intramedullary fixation placement increased from 71.6 ± 23.6 (33.3–100) % to 98.3 ± 5.37 (83–100) %, (n = 30, p < 0.05) with the use of CAD and 3D printed instruments. All Beagles were load-bearing within 1 week, and postoperative radiographs showed no evidence of implant failure.ConclusionIncorporation of CAD and 3D printing significantly increases stability, while reducing the surgical time in the construction of the animal model, significantly affecting the success of the segmental bone defect model in Beagles.

Diesel/biodiesel/biogas mixtures driven compression ignition internal combustion engines constructal design

This paper introduces a first and second law based transient mathematical model for 4-stroke compression ignition internal combustion engines (CI-ICE) driven by diesel/biodiesel/biogas mixtures to allow for the maximization of system performance. In this way, the CI-ICE morphology that provides easier access to the currents that flow through it is sought, according to constructal law. The total entropy generated in the CI-ICE cycle was calculated by adding the entropy generation in all strokes. An optimization problem was formulated based on the variation of operating and geometric parameters, and the objective functions were the effective and 2nd law efficiencies, ηef and ηII, as well as the destroyed exergy fraction, yD. The optimal ranges found for the bore-stroke, compression and conrod-crank ratios were 0.51≤Bopt≤1.25; 2.07≤ROD/CSopt≤4.14, and 10.23≤CRopt≤33.44 in which ηefηIImax≃0.330.37 with yD,min≃0.66 for D100 (pure diesel), and ηefηIImax≃0.310.35 with yD,min≃0.64 for B50D25NG25 (biodiesel/diesel/natural gas blend). The maxima and minimum found were sharp, since ηef and ηII varied up to 71% and 69% in comparison to their maximum values, respectively, and yD up to 45% in comparison to its minimum value within the adopted ranges of variation of the optimized parameters. Such large variations stress the importance of considering the optimized CI-ICE morphology in actual design, i.e., CI-ICE constructal design.

Digital development of sports clothing design

In the modern world, digital technologies have penetrated into all areas of our lives, and the production of sportswear is no exception. The development and implementation of digital apparel design in sportswear production opens up new opportunities to improve the quality and functionality of clothing, as well as increase production efficiency. Currently, around the world, the share of the traditional economy is decreasing, and the digital one is increasing, providing powerful advantages for countries and their industry complexes. Modern digital and electronic technologies are becoming the main factor in many areas of modernization of production and expansion of product sales. The condition for the effective development of sewing enterprises largely depends on how flexible and interconnected the production processes are, as well as on the availability of technical means for control and a highly developed automation system and modern software. Due to little research in this area, the goal of the scientific work is to find theoretical and practical work aimed at researching and discovering new ways to digitize sportswear, to identify the latest trends and innovations in this area. A modern manufacturer is characterized by the desire to quickly respond to changes in market conditions and customer needs, by reducing the time interval between the design and release of a new product for sale. In the practical area of application of the presented knowledge, based on the results of joint development together with athletes and the constructive design of training clothing, using the software “Corel Draw” and “Adobe Illustrator”, sportswear was produced that corresponds to the customer’s requirements in terms of structural and technical compliance and individual design.

A Future Growth Model for Building More Housing and Infrastructure with Less Embodied Greenhouse Gas.

Global demand for housing and the climate crisis have created a seemingly impossible choice between the need to build more and the need to emit less from construction materials. Here, we present the future infrastructure growth (FIG) model, a generalizable method for finding pathways to build enough housing and infrastructure while reducing material emissions, in line with climate commitments. FIG uses open data to quantify the emissions of existing neighborhoods as if they were built new; it then uses these quantifications to forecast future cradle-to-gate embodied emissions from new residential buildings and linear infrastructure construction. This novel approach allows for detailed analysis that scales to a city, region, and/or national level and captures variability in construction norms, designs, and codes. We demonstrate FIG on Canada, using the model to find neighborhood-level drivers of embodied emissions and the most effective reduction strategies through 2030 and 2050. Current construction practices will cause a 437% overshoot of Canada's climate commitments if housing growth targets are met. Avoiding this overshoot requires a near-total reliance on multiunit buildings and best-in-class design supported by improvements in material manufacturing, building within existing urban boundaries, and halving the use of new materials.

ROUTE OF SOUTH SECTION OF BUDVA BYPASS - REVIEW OF PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY CONSTRUCTION

&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;ABSTRACT&amp;quot;&amp;gt;The Budva bypass, spanning approximately 30 kilometers, is divided into three distinct sections: North, Middle, and South. The Terms of reference required the preparation of a Preliminary design for the construction elements of all structures along the section and route. The Southern section, which is the subject of this article, begins at the end of the Middle section in Vrijesno. The route of the Southern Section goes through the hilly hinterland above the Budva coast, from Kamenovo to Petrovac. In Petrovac, it is connected to the main road M-2 Petrovac-Sotonići-Virpazar via the intersection &amp;quot;Petrovac&amp;quot;. The total length of the Southern section is 8.56km. There are five bridges and one tunnel in this route. There are, also, retaining structures and slope protection, conection routes and deviations, one interchange, and noise protection walls on this section of bypass. In this article, parts of Preliminary Design of organization and technology construction are showned. Network plan structure, approximate estimation of the duration of the works, approximate cost estimation, and approximate cash flow estimation during construction are presented.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Double promoter and tandem gene strategy for efficiently expressing recombinant FGF21

BackgroundFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a promising candidate for treating metabolic disorder diseases and has been used in phase II clinical trials. Currently, metabolic diseases are prevalent worldwide, underscoring the significant market potential of FGF21. Therefore, the production of FGF21 must be effectively improved to meet market demand.ResultsHerein, to investigate the impact of vectors and host cells on FGF21 expression, we successfully engineered strains that exhibit a high yield of FGF21. Surprisingly, the data revealed that vectors with various copy numbers significantly impact the expression of FGF21, and the results showed a 4.35-fold increase in expression levels. Furthermore, the performance of the double promoter and tandem gene expression construction design surpassed that of the conventional construction method, with a maximum difference of 2.67 times.ConclusionBy exploring engineered vectors and host cells, we successfully achieved high-yield production of the FGF21 strain. This breakthrough lays a solid foundation for the future industrialization of FGF21. Additionally, FGF21 can be easily, quickly and efficiently expressed, providing a better tool and platform for the research and application of more recombinant proteins.

Design and Validation of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Cable-Stayed Pedestrian Bridge: Human-Induced Actions vs. Comfort Levels.

The investigation into advanced structural materials, such as composite materials, has revealed numerous possibilities within the field of bridge engineering. Glass-fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRPs) are notable among these materials, particularly in footbridge construction, encompassing both arch and cable-stayed designs. While GFRPs boast advantages, such as their high strength-to-weight ratio, they may exhibit some deficiencies, particularly when subjected to dynamic loads induced by wind or pedestrian forces. Two noteworthy global examples are the Lleida arch bridge (Spain, 2001) and the Aberfeldy cable-stayed bridge (Scotland, 1992). These structures have recently undergone comprehensive studies by the authors to assess their behavior when subjected to specific conditions regarding pedestrian traffic and vibrations induced by under-passing trains, as far as Lleida is concerned. The methodologies employed in these studies are detailed herein, incorporating the relevant scientific literature and technical regulations that provide guidance on fundamental principles for bridge design, pedestrian modelling, and acceleration thresholds aimed at minimizing discomfort. While the framework of principles is clear, the regulations are extensive, requiring designers to have a comprehensive understanding of the diverse outcomes achievable through various approaches. Therefore, the provided state-of-the-art overview serves as a roadmap for assessing the performance of an innovative cable-stayed bridge recently proposed by one of the authors. Initially designed with six spans, this prototype has been reconfigured here as a three-span train station overpass. The analyses conducted allowed for the assessment of induced accelerations. According to current accredited standards, the resulting comfort classification is considered minimal, even if, for crowded conditions, more specific studies are required.

Carbon emissions assessment of cement mixing piles for soft loess improvement and carbon emission reduction using white mud-cement composite material

During the highway construction in the soft loess region of Northwestern China, there are always tens of thousands of cement mixing piles were used. Which generates a large amount of carbon emissions, thereby affecting the environment. The Simplified Energy and Emissions Assessment Model (SEEAM) is used to quantify carbon emissions considering monitoring data of IoT (Internet-of-Things) system. To reduce the error of the carbon emissions of large samples, Monte Carlo simulation was used to quantify carbon emissions based on the small samples. The results showed that cement had a 47,530.78 t carbon missions contributing the 95.64 % of the total carbon emissions. To concurrently ensure strength and reduce carbon emissions, this study investigates the unconfined compressive strength variations in white mud-cement composite material solidified soft loess. It indicated that 10 % and 20 % white mud provided an alkaline environment and nucleation sites for cement hydration reactions, combining the filling voids. According to the observation results of TG and SEM, the content of 10 % white mud increased the quantity of early hydration product CSH in cement. Which maintained a high level of strength by comparing the cement solidified soft loess. In addition, when the white mud content is 50 %, the white mud-cement composite material reduced 576 % carbon emissions in the cement mixing pile engineering. This study can provide guidance for the selection of engineering construction design schemes, as low-carbon emission schemes are conducive to green and sustainable development of the environment.

EXPERIENCE IN THE ORGANISATION OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION WORK IN THE RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE OF SLOBOZHANSHCHYNA

In developing the sacred component of modern cities of Ukraine, new problems arise that go beyond the traditional understanding of church architecture as purely parochial and create numerous searches for solutions. Foremost, it concerns the functional expansion and activation of the role of church architecture in modern large-scale urban planning conditions. In the city, where predominantly chaotic interpretation of the urbanised space has returned, there are no other means of overcoming the crisis of new uniformity than turning to the complex development of similar-scale sacred structures. Such an understanding of urban problems requires the development of a new typology of sacred complexes and centres for their solution. No centralised construction organisation existed in Slobidska Ukraina in the 17th or 18th centuries. Professional architectural education in Slobozhanshchyna appeared in 1768 with the creation of additional classes at the Kharkiv Collegium, which produced architects P. A. Yaroslavskyi, S. P. Chernyshov, and others. With the introduction of the Kharkiv Provincial Government on December 12, 1796, Yaroslavskyi became the first Kharkiv provincial architect. He designed and supervised the construction of dozens of churches in the province. Gradually, the provincial authorities took over architectural and construction control and design. The Construction Department that emerged in the province in 1865 became the central institution that monitored the construction and acceptance of projects of places of worship for which the provincial engineer was in charge. The creation of controlling and regulatory institutions and the increased professionalism of architects made it possible to establish the organisation of design and construction work. In 1863, the position of diocesan architect emerged. The first to hold this position was the architect Kraievskyi, followed by F. I. Danylov (1865–1885). Each author had a concept of creativity and a thorough knowledge of architectural typology and theory. High professionalism stemmed from an excellent architectural education and knowledge of the basics of architectural craftsmanship, including expertise in architectural structures and forms drawn from regional Ukrainian traditions. The architect exercised constant control over all churches under construction, which allowed churches to be built precisely according to the project and meet the specified deadlines. The study found that architects had to follow the established rules, or their projects would not receive consideration. The Construction Department of the Kharkiv Provincial Government, responsible for overseeing the construction of churches, headed by the provincial engineer, strictly monitored the documentation of the building. The study reveals aspects of design and construction in the religious architecture of Slobozhanshchyna and presents the methods of design and construction work. The article discusses several architects engaged in design and construction work in Slobozhanshchyna and the functions of architectural and construction control and design. It provides examples of explanatory notes to the projects of religious buildings. The considered aspects of design and construction make it possible to assert that all these design and construction work methods aimed at creating highly sophisticated religious buildings. Keywords: design and construction work, religious buildings, architectural and construction control, explanatory note.