Design Of Compensation Network Research Articles

Wireless Charging Technology Improvement for New Energy Vehicles

In the operation of new energy vehicles, the energy supply method is directly related to the range and stability of the vehicle, and wireless charging technology is becoming a hot spot in the industry because of its efficient and convenient characteristics. This paper will discuss the core technology of wireless charging in new energy vehicles, covering the related equipment construction, compensation network design, and the design of key components of wireless charging technology improvement in new energy vehicles. The article will analyse the detailed results of the actual operation of the system, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the application of wireless charging technology in new energy vehicles, and at the same time promote the further development of the new energy vehicle industry.

Single-Sided Compensation Network Design Method for Capacitive Power Transfer System Considering Coupling Variation

Single-Sided Compensation Network Design Method for Capacitive Power Transfer System Considering Coupling Variation

Design of Compensation Network and Parameter Optimization for Rotary Ultrasonic Machining Under Varying Loads

Design of Compensation Network and Parameter Optimization for Rotary Ultrasonic Machining Under Varying Loads

Constant-Current and Constant-Voltage Output Using Hybrid Compensated Single-Stage Resonant Converter for Wireless Power Transfer

At present, single-stage wireless power transfer (WPT) resonant converter with boost bridgeless power-factor-correction (PFC) rectifier has not been promoted due to the rising voltage of dc-link and unstable output voltage of the converter. The compensation network with load-independent constant current output (CCO) and constant voltage output (CVO) characteristics cannot be analyzed in this converter due to the above problems. In order to solve these problems, a new asymmetric modulation method and the corresponding compensation network design method for single-stage WPT converter are proposed in this article. The proposed modulation method makes the voltage of dc link and the output voltage of single-stage WPT converter constant. Based on the new modulation method, the design method of the compensation network and the implementation of zero-voltage switching (ZVS) in single-stage WPT converter are proposed and analyzed in this article. Compared with the other WPT converters, the proposed scheme has advantages in efficiency and cost. Finally, the superiorities of the proposed circuit are verified by experiments.

Capacitive Power Transfer System With Integrated Wide Bandwidth Communication

This letter proposed a novel method for compensation network design used in capacitive power transfer (CPT) systems to achieve simultaneous power and data delivery. The proposed method combines both ladder filter and resonant circuit designs, allowing the existing double-sided CL compensation topology to exhibit different characteristics under the power channel and the communication channel. The proposed system significantly reduces the design complexity and increases the bandwidth for data transfer while maintaining the circuit resonance at the wireless power transfer frequency. The system is compatible with both amplitude shift keying (ASK) and frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation methods, passing the high-frequency data carrier with an approximately unity gain. Detailed circuit parameter design and system performance analysis are presented, and a new metric power to signal is introduced to analyze the effect of the data communication on the power transfer. A prototype CPT system rated at 10 W is built, which demonstrates a 81.2% dc–ac efficiency and a data transfer rate of 10 kbps by using either ASK or FSK modulation techniques.

A Versatile Unified Model for Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) Systems

Efficient and cost-effective inductive power transfer (IPT) systems essentially require reactive power compensation networks. To select and design compensation networks best suited to meet the specific requirements of any particular application, the modeling and investigation of each type of compensation are required. Traditional approaches using separate models for each compensation type are repetitive and inefficient. Therefore, this article proposes a novel unified model for IPT systems that can be easily adapted to investigate the suitability of any type of compensation network. It is applicable to the design of uni-, or bidirectional IPT systems. Its utility is apparent from the ease with which it can be used to evaluate key performance indicators of IPT systems that are affected by compensation network design. The proposed unified model is benchmarked against experimental results from already published work, highlighting its benefits and verifying its accuracy.

Unified Coil and Compensation Network Design for Improving Wireless Power Transfer Efficiency Over Wide Output Load Variation Ranges

It is shown that compensation network and coil design collectively affect wireless power transfer efficiency. Based on this fact, a novel design approach of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems is proposed. Unlike majority of existing designs which aim at enhancing power transfer efficiency (PTE) at one rated operating point, the proposed design enhances the overall system PTE. This feature is essential for variable output loads such as batteries, where their internal impedance varies during charging period. To achieve this goal, improving time-weighted average efficiency of WPT system is set as the design criterion. Experimental studies of a 1.2 kW WPT system supplying constant resistive loads and battery loads verify that the proposed design enhances PTE both at rated output load and under wide output load variations.

Design of a High Power, LCC-Compensated, Dynamic, Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System with Improved Misalignment Tolerance

Dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) systems are becoming increasingly important for on-the-move electric vehicle (EV) charging solutions, to overcome range anxiety and compensate for the consumed energy while the EV is in motion. In this work, a DWPT EV charging system is proposed to be implemented on a straight road stretch such that it provides the moving EV with energy at a rate of 308 Wh/km. This rate is expected to compensate for the vehicle’s average energy consumption and allow for additional energy storage in the EV battery. The proposed charging system operates at an average power transfer efficiency that is higher than 90% and provides good lateral misalignment tolerance up to ±200 mm. Details of the proposed system’s design are presented in this paper, including EV specifications, inductive link and compensation network design and power electronic circuitry.

A Low-Cost High-Performance Voltage Sensing Circuit With Proactive Parameter Design Compensation Network for SiC MOSFETs

Wide bandgap semiconductors show superior material properties enabling silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) present good features on its switching speed and withstand voltage. However, the high voltage and fast switching characteristics of SiC MOSFETs also put forward new requirements for voltage measurement, that is, high bandwidth under high voltage conditions. This article proposes a new voltage divider structure and a proactive parameter design compensation network to build high voltage and high bandwidth voltage sensing circuit. This structure utilizes the characteristics that the same resistor has the same parasitic capacitance to meet the high frequency constraints of the voltage sensing circuit. The influence of parasitic parameters and load parameters on circuit performance is analyzed in detail, which provides a basis for the compensation network design. By combining the proposed voltage sensing circuit with an appropriate proactive parameter design load effect compensation network (PDCN), the withstand voltage rating of the low-voltage and high-bandwidth voltage probes can be extended to required levels. Different from other existing methods, PDCN can actively design the compensation circuit parameters and provide the optimal parameters of the compensation circuit. This lead to a smaller input capacitance than the state of the art commercial voltage probes, which will help to obtain better performance when measuring high-speed switching voltage. The performance of the voltage measurement is experimentally verified and compared by SiC-based double pulse test (DPT) circuits.

Compensation Network Design of CPT Systems for Achieving Maximum Power Transfer Under Coupling Voltage Constraints

It is well known that a high voltage across the coupling plates of a capacitive power transfer (CPT) system is beneficial to increase its power transfer capability, but a high voltage may lead to high insulation requirements and cause safety concerns. This article proposes a compensation design method for achieving the maximum power of CPT systems under coupling voltage constraints. Based on a simplified capacitive coupling model and thorough power transfer characteristics analysis, a family of compensation topologies are derived to maintain a 90° phase shift between the input and output voltages across the CPT coupler against load variations, so that the coupling voltages (which practically need to be limited) are fully utilized for power transfer purposes. A full design process for determining the compensation parameters is presented, and an example 2-kW CPT system is built and tested using <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</i> compensation at the primary side to boost the input voltage to the coupler; and one of the proposed compensation topologies (CLC) at the secondary side for impedance transformation of a given load with a specified voltage and power requirements. Experimental results show a good agreement with theoretical analysis, which demonstrate the phase difference between the voltages before and after the coupler is kept nearly 90°, and a maximum possible power transfer of 2.039 kW is achieved under the given voltage limits and coupling conditions. A system end-to-end (dc–dc) efficiency of 90.29% is obtained when the air gap between the coupling plates is 150 mm, and the coupling capacitance is only 13.84 pF.

A New Coil Structure and Its Optimization Design With Constant Output Voltage and Constant Output Current for Electric Vehicle Dynamic Wireless Charging

Dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) is a promising solution to address electric vehicle range anxiety and to reduce the capacity and the cost of the on-board batteries. In the traditional DWPT system, the mutual inductances among the transmitters make the design of compensation networks very complex. Besides, the power null phenomenon and the power pulsation phenomenon cause a fluctuating dc output voltage or current on the receiver side. To address these issues, this paper proposes a new magnetic coupler. Unipolar and bipolar coils are laid alternately to form segmented transmitters, which are turned on or off according to the position of the overhead receiver coil. LCC compensations, whose inputs are connected in parallel to a common inverter for cost reduction, are adopted. At the receiver side, unipolar and bipolar coils are overlapped in the same plate in order to effectively smooth out the mutual inductance variations and, hence, reduce the output voltage or current fluctuations. Also, a configurable resonant circuit is designed on the receiver side to achieve constant voltage charging and constant current charging. Moreover, an optimization design by using finite-element analysis software Maxwell is developed to choose the best turns of the receiver coil to further improve the output quality. A laboratory prototype with 4-A charging current and 96-V charging voltage, using 85 kHz operation frequency, is constructed to verify the proposed DWPT system. The experimental results show that constant and stable output voltage and current can be achieved with only ±2% fluctuation, and the overall efficiency is 90.37%.

Design of compensation network with variable inductance for wide variation of coupling coefficient in inductive power transfer

SummaryIn this paper, a design of the compensation network with a variable inductor is proposed, considering a wide variation of the coupling coefficient in the inductive power transfer (IPT). The characteristics of the proposed compensation network are analyzed with respect to the variable antenna coupling conditions. The realization of the zero voltage switching (ZVS) and the reactive power demand are discussed through the theoretical deduction and numerical simulation. Influence of the variable inductor on the compensation network characteristics is examined in detail, and the control algorithm for achieving the coupling independent constant output voltage is proposed. Detailed steps to design a prototype fulfilling all performance requirements are given. Verification of the proposed method was carried out on the experimental model. Recorded output voltage variation is within 5% over the wide coupling range, implying a quite well characteristic of the coupling independent voltage output. Experimental results match well with the calculations, validating the rightness of the proposed variable inductor tuning method.

Research on stacked boost converter for stratospheric airship energy system

Energy system as a key component of stratospheric airship plays an important role in the success or failure of the whole flight mission. Here, the topology of HE-boost SBC converter for airship energy system is deeply studied. Based on the original HE-boost converter, a new HE-boost converter is proposed. By analysing its state space equation and small signal model, it is concluded that the stability of the new HE-boost converter is better than that of the original HE-boost converter. Based on this analysis, the optimal design of compensation network of the new HE-Boost converter is studied to ensure that the converter satisfies the condition of minimum phase system, so as to improve the stability of converter. Here, the theoretical analysis is verified and optimised by means of simulation. The paper builds: circuit, verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and test, the frequency characteristics of the new HE-boost converter under different input and output conditions, technical index of converter can meet the requirements.

Rectifier Load Analysis for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System

This paper presents the analysis of a rectifier load used for an electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging system, as well as its applications on compensation network design and system load estimation. First, a rectifier load model is established to get its equivalent input impedance, which contains both resistance and inductance components, and can be independently calculated through the parameters of the rectifier circuit. Then, a compensation network design method is proposed, based on the rectifier load analysis. Furthermore, a secondary side load estimation method and a primary side load estimation method are put forward, which adopt only measured voltages and consider the influence of the rectifier load. Finally, an EV wireless charging prototype is developed, and experimental results prove that the rectifier equivalent load can be correctly calculated on conditions of different system load resistances, rectifier input inductances, dc voltages, and mutual-inductances. The experiments also show that rectifier load equivalent inductance will impact system performances, and the proposed methods have good accuracy and robustness in the cases of system parameter variations.

Control Loop Design for a PFC Boost Converter With Ripple Steering

In this paper, an average switch model approach to the power stage modeling, feedback compensation network design, and dynamic analysis of power factor correction (PFC) boost converters with ripple steering is presented. The model is expressed by the derivation of power stage transfer functions for a conventional boost converter and then followed by the derivation of the power stage transfer functions for a boost converter with ripple steering. A detailed design procedure and comparison of both voltage and current feedback loops are given in a conventional PFC boost converter and boost converter with ripple steering. Experimental and simulation results of a prototype boost converter converting universal ac input voltage to 400 V dc at 1.6 kW are given to verify the proof of concept and analytical work reported. The experimental results demonstrate that the model can correctly predict the steady-state behavior of a continuous conduction mode PFC boost converter with ripple steering.

Design and Modeling of a High Efficiency Step-Up/Step-Down DC-DC Converter with Smooth Transition

This paper presents a step-up/step-down DC-DC converter with three operation modes to achieve high efficiency and small output ripple voltage. A constant time buck-boost mode, which is inserted between buck mode and boost mode, is proposed to achieve smooth transition. With the proposed mode, the output ripple voltage is significantly reduced when the input voltage is approximate to the output voltage. Besides, the novel control scheme minimizes the conduction loss by reducing the average inductor current and the switching loss by making the converter operate like a buck or boost converter. The small signal model of the step-up/step-down DC-DC converter is also derived to guide the compensation network design. The step-up/step-down converter is designed with a 0.5µm CMOS n-well process, and can regulate an output voltage within the input voltage ranged from 2.5V to 5.5V with a maximum power efficiency of 96%. The simulation results show that the proposed converter exhibits an output ripple voltage of 28mV in the transition mode.

Extension of Mitrovic's Method and Its Application to Design of Compensation Networks

Extension of Mitrovic's Method and Its Application to Design of Compensation Networks

The design of nonlinear filters and control systems. Part 1

The objectives of this paper are to provide a systematic analytical approach to the synthesis of continuous nonlinear filters and to apply the results to a variety of problems, e.g., filtering of signals from noise, characterization of nonlinear systems, and the design of compensation networks for control systems. The problems are illustrated in Fig. 1. The work starts from the concept of a functional as the mathematical representative of a system. The optimum possible functional for any particular problem is approximated by a finite number of Volterra kernels. A typical question which the paper attempts to answer is: “Given an input (signal plus noise) which is a sample function from a stationary, ergodic, random process and using the mean-square error criterion, what is the optimum filter consisting of a finite number of Volterra kernels to filter the signal from the noise?” 1 1 A filter which consists of h 0 , h 1 , h 2 , h 3 , ···, h n is called a filter of degree n and sometimes will be denoted as < h 0 , h 1 , h 2 , ···, h n >. Every kernel h j is called a kernel of order j . Its corresponding filter is a filter of order j . This type of question leads to a set of simultaneous integral equations for which an iterative method of solution is provided. Examples and applications to filtering and control are discussed. Part II of the paper will describe an experimental application of the theory to the characterization of the servomechanism associated with the pupil of the human eye. A measure of the complexity of the experiment will be developed and the applicability of the method to real problems will be discussed from this point of view.