Bed Design Research Articles

Potential assessment of biomass-based single-stage adsorption systems for refrigeration, cooling, and heat-pumping applications

ABSTRACT This article presents the performance estimation of a single-stage vapor adsorption system employing various carbon-based adsorbents with ethanol refrigerant, coupled with a small-scale biomass-based heating unit for space cooling, refrigeration, and heat-pumping applications. A detailed parametric investigation highlights the effects of operating temperatures, and heat exchanger to adsorbent mass ratio on specific cooling energy (SCE), coefficient of performance (COP), uptake efficiency (ηu), and mass of adsorbent to combustion fuel (mad/mcf) to identify the suitable adsorbent and sorption bed designs for each application. The numerical findings reveal that the flat-finned tube (FFT) adsorber outperforms traditional-finned tube (TFT) and tube & shell-type (T&S) adsorbers, achieving 19% and 30% higher COP, respectively, with biomass carbon-ethanol pair. The H2-treated Maxsorb-III shows the greatest optimal cooling COP (0.73), followed by the biomass-carbon (0.72) for refrigeration and space cooling. For heat pumping applications, biomass carbon-ethanol achieves the highest heat pumping COP (1.84) at a desorption temperature of 90°C, surpassing H2-treated Maxsorb-III. Further, the biomass-derived activated carbon requires the lowest amount of adsorbent per unit mass of combustion fuel in the biomass heating unit. The present thermodynamic analysis is a precursor for optimization of the potential heat-exchanger geometries and operating parameters, with the high-performance carbon adsorbents.

The optimization method of CNC lathe performance based on Morris sensitivity analysis and improved GA algorithm

This study achieved the goal of guiding bed design and optimization by conducting multi-objective optimization research on the performance of CNC lathe beds. In this study, Morris analysis was first performed on the sensitivity of the parameters, and then out to optimize the parameters using a combination of neural network and genetic algorithm. The loss function value, RMSE error accumulation, recall, sensitivity and specificity of the ASSGA-BP optimization model were better. The maximum error between the predicted and true values of the ASSGA-BP model was 0.28 mm. In the performance study of the multi-objective optimization method based on the Morris sensitivity analysis and the improved GA algorithm, the average MAE value is 0.91 %. The average RMSE value is 0.59 %. Also, the new model is significantly better than the NSGA-II, EGA, and FGA algorithms in terms of both the number of final non-dominated solutions and the speed of reaching convergence. The above results demonstrate that the model proposed in this study has high performance, can achieve faster convergence and has the best stability of the convergence state. The innovation of this article lies in the use of the Morris method to screen and evaluate numerous parameters in order to improve the accuracy of the calculation results and ensure the effectiveness of the optimization results. The improved algorithm overcomes the problems of BP neural network and can effectively improve the generalization performance of the neural network, thereby improving the prediction accuracy of the model.

Direct 4D printing of functionally graded hydrogel networks for biodegradable, untethered, and multimorphic soft robots

Recent advances in functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM) technology have enabled the seamless hybridization of multiple functionalities in a single structure. Soft robotics can become one of the largest beneficiaries of these advances, through the design of a facile four-dimensional (4D) FGAM process that can grant an intelligent stimuli-responsive mechanical functionality to the printed objects. Herein, we present a simple binder jetting approach for the 4D printing of functionally graded porous multi-materials (FGMM) by introducing rationally designed graded multiphase feeder beds. Compositionally graded cross-linking agents gradually form stable porous network structures within aqueous polymer particles, enabling programmable hygroscopic deformation without complex mechanical designs. Furthermore, a systematic bed design incorporating additional functional agents enables a multi-stimuli-responsive and untethered soft robot with stark stimulus selectivity. The biodegradability of the proposed 4D-printed soft robot further ensures the sustainability of our approach, with immediate degradation rates of 96.6% within 72 h. The proposed 4D printing concept for FGMMs can create new opportunities for intelligent and sustainable additive manufacturing in soft robotics.

Development and application of energy-efficient medical beds based on IoT for patient monitoring

Later logical accomplishments and mechanical progresses have brought forward a gigantic show of modern or overhauled restorative gadgets, empowered with highly evolved embedded-control capacities and interactivity. From the ultimate decade of the 20th century, restorative beds have specifically been motivated through this surge, taking on unused shapes and capacities, whereas obliging to installation properties that have gotten to be famous for those gadgets. The beyond fifteen a long time have too delivered ahead modifications to conceptual systems, concerning the item plan and fabricating forms, As properly as the persistent viewpoints on patient-care situations and openness. This paper offers the components and the steps of design and implementation of electric medical bed supplied with monitoring devices and various sensors working together to give the Arduino a full report about the conditions of patient and according to this report the right decisions can be taken. The principles of internet of things (IOT) are applied to achieve this instrument. The paper primarily focuses on the objectives, components, and functionality of the system, such as monitoring physical parameters, detecting emergencies, reducing workload, and communicating with caretakers.

Reducing Water, Nutrient, Pesticide, and Carbon Footprints and Costs for Drip-Irrigated Vine Crops with Compact Bed Plasticulture

Highlights Narrower and taller compact beds (CB) were designed to increase the system efficiency of drip-irrigated plasticulture. CB lowered water, fertilizer, plastic, pesticide, and fuel inputs while maintaining watermelon yield. CB reduced GHG emissions and input costs while increasing input productivity. CB are a synergistic and win-win climate-smart design to increase the sustainability of high-intensity plasticulture. Abstract. Raised bed plasticulture, used globally for producing high-value fruits and vegetables, is a high input and high intensity production system. We show that improved water and nutrient efficiency with reduced material inputs, costs, and carbon footprint is achieved with the use of taller and narrower plastic-mulched compact beds [61×30 (width × height in cm), 61×10, 46×30, and 41×30] compared to the wider and shorter conventional bed [76×20] used for growing watermelon. The primary motivation behind the compact bed design is to improve economic and environmental sustainability by reducing the bed width, to increase the fraction of the bed that is wetted by drip irrigation and to reduce the area of farmland covered under plastic. Compact beds were evaluated at two locations in South Florida with different hydrologic settings, using an ensemble of field data (inputs, plant health, yield, soil moisture, and nutrient levels) and a field-verified hydrologic model (HYDRUS). No reduction in yields was observed with compact beds, indicating no production risk for the growers. Compact beds conserve water and reduce deep percolation losses by 6 cm compared to conventional beds, thereby improving water productivity by 20%. Compact beds require less fertilizer (10%-50%) to maintain the same nutrient (N-P-K) concentrations as those in conventional beds because of smaller soil volumes. Reductions in water and fertilizer inputs provide the environmental benefit of reducing nutrient leaching to groundwater, while reduced impervious area reduces runoff losses. Compact beds reduced input (fertilizer, plastic mulch, pesticide, and diesel) costs of the system by US$720/ha and greenhouse gas emissions by 1630 kg CO2e/ha (9%) compared to conventional plasticulture. The annual cost savings create a win-win for farmers to increase profits and/or invest in conservation measures such as precision irrigation. Compact beds offer a climate change mitigation and adaptation strategy for the plasticulture system for watermelon and other similar cucurbit crops (e.g., cucumber, pumpkin, and zucchini). Keywords: Climate-Smart Agriculture, Economics, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Nutrient Leaching, Sustainable Design, Water Conservation.

Aquaponics System Design and Construction

This text provides a comprehensive guide for planning, designing, and constructing an aquaponics system, a sustainable agricultural system that integrates fish farming and soilless plant cultivation. The text covers the key aspects of aquaponics system design, such as site selection, system goals, system size and scale, layout design, fish tank setup, grow bed design, plumbing and water circulation, equipment and tools selection, and construction techniques. The text also discusses the benefits and challenges of aquaponics systems, as well as the best practices and guidelines for optimizing system functionality, productivity, and long-term success. The text aims to provide practical and useful information for individuals who are interested in implementing aquaponics systems in their own settings.

MiniMelt: An instrument for real-time tracking of electron beam additive manufacturing using synchrotron x-ray techniques.

The development of a sample environment for in situ x-ray characterization during metal Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-EB), called MiniMelt, is presented. The design considerations, the features of the equipment, and its implementation at the synchrotron facility PETRA III at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany, are described. The equipment is based on the commercially available Freemelt ONE PBF-EB system but has been customized with a unique process chamber to enable real-time synchrotron measurements during the additive manufacturing process. Furthermore, a new unconfined powder bed design to replicate the conditions of the full-scale PBF-EB process is introduced. The first radiography (15kHz) and diffraction (1kHz) measurements of PBF-EB with a hot-work tool steel and a Ni-base superalloy, as well as bulk metal melting with the CMSX-4 alloy, using the sample environment are presented. MiniMelt enables time-resolved investigations of the dynamic phenomena taking place during multi-layer PBF-EB, facilitating process understanding and development of advanced process strategies and materials for PBF-EB.

Double C Innovation Design of Age-Friendly Bed

Double C Innovation Design of Age-Friendly Bed

A method for the kinematic analysis of a novel wave compensation bed for ships based on the 8PSS-UP parallel platform

In addressing the need to reduce internal vessel vibrations and alleviate crew motion sickness during maritime voyages, this paper introduces a novel wave compensation resting bed and presents a kinematic analysis method tailored for marine environments. Diverging from conventional designs, this shipboard bed features a fixed platform hosting the drive unit, controlling the upper platform's movement via a slider's displacement, and incorporating a bottom Anti-Torsion (UP) frame. Employing the closed-loop vector method, the paper initially undertakes inverse kinematics of the shipboard bed, yielding solutions for slider displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Subsequently, the forward kinematics are resolved using the Newton-Gauss iterative method, with validation through ADAMS and MATLAB simulations. The velocity matrix analysis is then utilized to assess platform singularity, gauging the shipboard bed design's viability. Lastly, a wave model and a vessel heave-surge model in random waves are established to explore shipboard bed motion in unpredictable sea conditions. This study provides insights for the innovative design of shipboard resting beds and establishes a theoretical foundation for future wave compensation control in similar structures.

TWO-YEAR FLOWER CULTURES IN THE COLLECTION OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN OF BILA TSERKVA NATIONAL AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY

The article presents the results of the analysis of the collection of two-year-old flowering ornamental plants in the Botanical garden of Bila Tserkva national agrarian university. It was established that the biennial collection includes 17 species belonging to 15 genera and 10 families. The largest number of species is represented by the family Brassicaceae Burnett. – Brassica oleracea L. var. Acephala DC., Erysimum perovskianum Fisch.hort., Hesperis matronalis L., Lunaria biennis L. The collection presents species that have not only decorative, but also medicinal, fodder, and tanning properties. Diditalis grandiflora contains poisonous glycosides. Alcea rosea has ethnographic significance and belongs to amulet plants.
 The morphometric indicators of biennials by height and their flowering periods were analyzed. It was established that 41,2% of the collection of biennials of the Botanical Garden of the Bila Tserkva NAU belongs to low-growing species, medium-sized and tall plants are represented by the same number of species, which is 29,4% each. The largest number of species in the collection is represented by the group of summer-flowering biennials, 47,1%, late-spring-flowering ones make up 29,4%, and early-flowering ones – 23,5% of species. 
 Most biennials are cultivated in open ground to decorate flower beds, only a few to create seasonal bouquets and phytocompositions. Thanks to the plasticity of biennials, which is manifested in non-standard sowing dates, relative frost resistance and early spring and early summer flowering periods, biennials reduce the costs of growing seedlings and care for them after planting in a permanent place, provide an annual change in the design of flower beds and fill the flowerless periods of early spring and early summer. Biennials are suitable for creating borders, flower beds, rabatoks, lawns, carpets, ribbons, for decorating flowerbed groups and balconies, container culture. Tall species can be used as a background for the entire composition. Varietal diversity of Bellis perennis L., Brassica oleracea L. var. Acephala DC, Dianthus caryophyllus L. var. Grenadine hort, Dianthus barbatus L., Viola wittrockiana Gams. allows you to create monoculture flower beds with a wide color palette.

Review of Fluidized Bed Technology Application for Adsorption Cooling and Desalination Systems

Adsorption technology utilizes low-temperature renewable and waste heat sources for cost-effective and environmentally friendly cooling and water desalination systems. However, the problem with existing adsorption refrigerators is the low COP. This is caused by poor heat and mass transfer in existing packed bed designs. The solution to this problem lies in the use of fluidized bed technology, which enhances heat and mass transfer mechanisms. Various approaches to the construction and operation of adsorption systems with a fluidized bed of adsorbent can be found in the literature; hence, the aim of the work is to analyze the existing applications of a fluidized bed in adsorption refrigerators and other systems utilizing sorption beds. There are many methods for improving the energy efficiency of adsorption refrigerators. However, the literature suggests that fluidized bed systems have the potential to significantly improve the energy efficiency of adsorption cooling and desalination systems. Based on the review, it was concluded that using fluidization technology in adsorption cooling and desalination systems can be beneficial and represents significant potential for future research.

A Study of the Emotional Impact of Interior Lighting Color in Rural Bed and Breakfast Space Design

In architectural spaces, the ambiance created by lighting plays a significant role in influencing people’s emotions, often relying on the use of color and light. However, previous research has primarily focused on urban architectural spaces, with relatively less attention given to rural environments, especially the interior spaces of rural accommodation. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of colored lighting within rural accommodation interiors on people’s emotions and visual perceptions. Additionally, the study aims to establish an emotional dimension model to map the experimental results onto eight basic emotions, utilizing the PAD model for quantitative analysis. To achieve this goal, the researchers recruited 90 participants and divided them into six groups, each experiencing different combinations of indoor lighting scenes with varying colors. Participants evaluated their emotions and visual perceptions. The study results indicate that the combination of cool and warm white light with colored light significantly influences the arousal level of participants but has a relatively lower impact on pleasure levels, dominance and relaxation levels. In comparing the emotions experienced after exposure to cool and warm white light followed by colored light, warm white light elicited more positive emotions. Furthermore, colored light following cool white light diminished the sense of warmth in light, while yellow–blue light enhanced visual comfort and blue–red light increased attraction. Overall, the effect of colored lighting in rural accommodation interior spaces on improving negative emotions was relatively weak. Conversely, the combination of warm white light with blue–yellow or green–yellow light had a more significant effect on enhancing visual perceptions and reducing participants’ anxiety. This research provides valuable insights and references for designing the lighting ambiance in rural accommodation interiors and lighting design, with the potential to enhance the spatial experience of rural accommodations.

Design and characterisation of customised-roughness beds for open-channel flow experiments

The use of laboratory channels or flumes for open-channel flow research is widespread. However, this type of equipment is often expensive, susceptible to damage, and require regular maintenance. In open-channel flow, the roughness of the channel bed is a critical property in governing the flow characteristics. Unfortunately, changing the bed properties, particularly its roughness, proves to be a challenging and time-consuming task in most laboratory channels. To address these limitations, this stud introduces a novel and cost-effective technique to build laboratory channel beds with tailored roughness. Additionally, we describe a precise photogrammetric-based method for quantifying the absolute roughness of the bed. These engineered beds can be seamlessly integrated into various laboratory channels without posing any risk of equipment damage. In addition, they offer the flexibility to be modified to meet specific roughness conditions, thus advancing the capabilities of experimental setups in hydraulic studies Furthermore, these specially designed beds can find utility in other facilities where control of surface properties is necessary.

Hydrodynamics of a Multisized Particle Mixture in Shallow Fluidized Bed With Immersed Tubes

Abstract Inert solid particles have made the integration of more efficient power cycles with super high operating temperatures into the concentrated solar power (CSP) station feasible. Fluidized bed heat exchangers with feature of high heat transfer coefficient have great application potential in the particle-based CSP. However, the parasitic loads of the additional fluidizing gas loop and the finely sieved monosized particles may deteriorate the economic efficiency of the integrated system. In order to cope with this problem, a conceptual design of a shallow fluidized bed (SFB) heat exchanger is proposed for the new generation CSP technology. Fluidization characteristics of bauxite particles with a nonuniform particle size distribution in SFB with immersed tubes are investigated with a combination of experimental measurements and computational fluid dynamics simulations. Results show that the static bed height and opening area ratio of the distributor has insignificant influence on the range of semifluidized region and the minimum fluidization velocity Umf. The standard deviation of bed pressure drop σ in the grid region can be used as an alternative criterion for identifying the fluidization state. A range of superficial velocity that distinguishes two different solid circulation patterns exists, with its boundary values being four times and eight times the Umf, respectively. The immersed tubes can inhibit the asymmetric particle circulation patterns from developing in the SFB, but cause a substantial increase in the σ within the grid region.

The Drying kinetics of Cissus quadrangularis dried in a Fluidized bed dryer

Cissus quadrangularis is an extensively utilized medicinal plant in India which has numerous health benefits. Hence, the drying kinetics of Cissus was studied using fluidized bed dryer to identify suitable drying conditions and to understand moisture removal and its connection to process variables. The present research aimed to determine a suitable drying model of fluidized bed drying of Cissus quadrangularis Linn., determine the effective moisture diffusivity of the drying process and the activation energy, and investigate the effects of temperatures on the drying kinetics of Cissus. The drying experiments were conducted at three different air temperatures (40, 50 and 60 ºC), bed thickness of 5 cm, constant air velocity of 8 m/s and 0.5-1 cm length Cissus samples. The experimental drying data was fit into thirteen thin layer models and the best model describing the drying of Cissus was selected based on the correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), and reduced chi-square (χ2). The drying process occurred in a falling rate period for all the drying air temperatures and a constant rate period was not observed. Among all the thirteen models tested, approximation of diffusion was found to explain the thin layer drying behavior of C. quadrangularis accurately. The effective moisture diffusivity for Cissus was in the range of 1.54 - 3.12x 10-10 m2/s and the activation energy was 30.76 kJ/ mole, respectively. Hence, fluidized bed drying is more effective for convective drying of Cissus and the drying models are useful for selecting the best operational condition for fluidized bed dryer and design of an equipment.

The effect of relative humidity on multicomponent organic vapor adsorption on composite beds with micro-fibrous entrapped activated carbon

Composite bed involves an alternative technique in which a layer of micro-fibrous entrapped composite material is added at the downstream end of a conventional fixed bed to strengthen the mass transfer process. In this study, our purpose was to compare the ability of composite beds to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and Freon refrigerants with conventional fixed beds and analyse the effect of relative humidity (RH) on multicomponent organic vapor adsorption on composite beds. This would be used to guide the design of composite beds and their application in air purification. A series of micro-fibrous entrapped activated carbons (MFECs) were prepared using the wet layer paper-making/sintering technologies. The 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) and C6H6 breakthrough curves and times on composite beds were systemically evaluated under dry and wet conditions. Results show that under dry condition, due to the enhanced mass transfer, the R134a and C6H6 breakthrough times on composite beds were longer than on fixed beds. Under wet conditions, due to the water vapor competitive adsorption and the difference in organic vapor boiling point, the composite bed prolonged the C6H6 breakthrough time but weakened the R134a breakthrough time. Multicomponent competitive adsorption process (R134a/C6H6) under wet conditions was revealed and divided into six stages including Co-adsorption, H2O and R134a breakthrough, R134a desorption, R134a and H2O adsorption equilibrium, C6H6 breakthrough, and dynamic adsorption equilibrium. These findings indicated that composite beds may improve the breakthrough time of low-concentration C6H6 and lengthen the service life of conventional fixed beds at any RH, thereby displaying potential for use as an application in air purification.

Magnetic bed for the treatment of different somatic diseases: design and simulation

At present, sports injuries that occur during the practice of a sport or physical exercise are becoming more and more common, due to a series of predisposing factors that make an individual more susceptible to suffer these injuries. In Cuba there is a high prevalence of articular affections of knees and ankles, with a high prevalence in people older than 60 years old and soft tissue injury consultations are in the order of 45%. One of the applications of the electromagnetic field is in the treatment of different pathologies of the osteomuscular system (Soma). The objective of this work lies in the design of a magnetic bed with permanent magnets, in analogy to a circular Halbach type configuration for the treatment of different diseases of the soma, which consists of three main parts: the magnetic system, which generates magnetic induction for therapeutic purposes, the opening and closing system of the magnetic system, which allows the radial variation of the magnetic system and the patient-support bed system, which allows the positioning of the patient in the treatment area. The principle of operation is that the therapist selects the induction of the magnetic field and the homogeneity of the magnetic field, depending on the pathology(s) to be treated, through a software that controls the movement of the opening and closing system of the magnetic system and the patient-bed support system, which is coupled to a stepper motor reducer that ensures a precise and accurate positioning of the sample (or patient) according to the area to be treated, which allows more than 80% effectiveness of the therapy with respect to conventional treatment.

Design and Fabrication of an Environment Simulation Test Bed for Deep-sea Laser Cladding

The complicated deep-sea high-pressure environment poses a significant challenge for deep-sea laser cladding. To solve this problem, an environment simulation test bed for deep-sea laser cladding is developed in this paper. First, a principle of environment simulation testbed is proposed, which can provide high-pressure water for underwater laser cladding simulation experiments. Based on the principle design, the structure of the environment simulation test bed is modeled in three dimensions, which can carry out underwater laser cladding experiments. Then, the strength of the pressure chamber is analyzed by finite element simulation. Finally, the environment simulation test bed for deep-sea laser cladding is modularly manufactured and integrally packaged. The environment simulation test bed for deep-sea laser cladding can be directly applicable to simulate underwater laser cladding.

Topology Optimization and Analysis of the Compound Boring and Milling Machining Center TX1600g Bed Structure

The overall performance of the machine tool bed of the boring and milling center has an important impact on the accuracy of the overall machining, in order to improve the machining accuracy and structural performance of the overall machine tool, the structure optimization design of the machine bed is carried out for the TX1600g composite boring and milling center. The maximum static displacement and mass of the bed were used as the evaluation index to optimize the topology and structure of the bed. An orthogonal test of 5 factors and 5 levels was designed, the maximum displacement generated by different positions in work was analyzed, the frequency under this working condition was explored, and modal analysis was conducted. The Hyperwork selective variable density method is used to optimize the beam structure with multiple objective topologies. By comparing and optimizing the performance parameters of the front and rear beams, the total static displacement is reduced by 9%, which proves the effectiveness of this method to solve the multi-objective optimization problem.

CFD-based deep neural networks (DNN) model for predicting the hydrodynamics of fluidized beds

Fluidized beds are central to numerous applications such as drying, combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, CO2 utilization, mixing, and separation. The design and development of fluidized beds are still evolving owing to the complex hydrodynamics. Various experimental investigations and CFD simulations have been carried out to understand its hydrodynamics. Whereas the experimental approaches are very costly and limited to small scale, CFD modeling on the other hand requires significant computational resources and time. Thus, in this contribution, we propose a hybrid CFD-based ML model for estimating the hydrodynamics of fluidized beds. The CFD simulations of Taghipour et al., 2005 were performed and validated with the experimental measurements for a wide range of inlet gas velocities encompassing multiple flow regimes. A time-averaged simulation data of the CFD model was used for developing a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model. The hydrodynamic parameters, such as solid velocity field, volume fraction, and bed pressure drop, are predicted using the CFD-based DNN model. The results demonstrate that DNN has superior spatial learning capabilities and that, when used with CFD, it can reduce the computational power required without sacrificing accuracy. To evaluate the versatility of the CFDbased DNN model with different operating conditions and hydrodynamic parameters, independent data from (Cloete et al., 2013) and (Li and Zhang, 2013) were used for satisfactory validation.