Development Of Design Methods Research Articles

Аппроксимация экспериментальных коэффициентов гидродинамических сил крыльевого гидродинамического якоря

The article considers a full-scale comparative experiment conducted in 2020 in the water area of the Novosibirsk reservoir on the simultaneous drift of six marine life rafts with a capacity of 6 people each. Each raft was equipped with one of the developed hydrodynamic anchors (HDA); one raft had a standard parachute floating anchor; one raft had no means of preventing drift. The wing hydrodynamic armature showed good results in reducing the drift velocity. To develop design methods of this kind, hydrodynamic forces were determined in the direct experimental basin of the Siberian State University of Water Transport (SSUWT) by towing with different speeds and angles of attack. According to the tests conducted in the direct experimental pool of the police Department, HDA the coefficients of hydrodynamic forces were obtained. It is noted that the HDA is made in full size, which does not require recalculation according to similarity criteria; the values of the coefficients show an unstable dependence on the towing speed, which is explained by the influence of errors of the experimental method and required averaging of the results. To substantiate the possibility of using the averaging method, the results of numerical modeling of the work of HDA carried out in the Ansys Fluent program are used, which revealed a very weak dependence of the coefficients on the flow rate. On this basis, a decision was made on the possibility of averaging coefficients related to flow velocities v ≥ 0.2 m/s, at which the spread of coefficient values is relatively small. The averaged values of the coefficients obtained in the physical experiment are approximated in their ranges of angles of attack by quadratic polynomials to smooth out the results and facilitate their use in mathematical models of the device operation.

Finite-time asynchronous control for semi-Markov jump systems with random uncertainties and actuator faults

This article is aimed at studying the finite-time reliable asynchronous control issue for continuous semi-Markov jump systems (S-MJSs) with actuator failures and randomly occurring uncertainties (ROUs). To characterize the asynchronous phenomenon between the system mode and the controller mode, the mode detector approach via a hidden semi-Markov model (HSM) is adopted. The transition probability (TP) matrix of the HSM is nonhomogeneous, which can be provided by a polytopic structure. By resorting the mode-dependent Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions are attained to guarantee the stochastic finite-time boundedness (SFTB) and H∞ performance of the closed-loop system. Then, according to a skillful matrix inequality transforming method, the reliable asynchronous control law is constructed. Finally, a tunnel diode circuit system and a mass-spring-damper mechanical system are proposed to demonstrate the superiority, effectiveness and practicality of the developed design method.

Optimal design of transverse dampers incorporating inherent stiffness effects for stay cable vibration control: A case study with wire rope dampers

This paper aims to develop an optimal design method for dampers incorporating inherent stiffness effects for cable vibration control. An explicit solution incorporating the inherent stiffness effects of dampers was proposed to predict the modal damping ratio of a cable-damper system, including both low-mode and high-mode vibrations. The explicit solution is in good agreement with the numerical results. An optimization method was established to quickly determine the optimal design parameters of the damper, using the modal damping ratio of the cable as the optimization criterion. Wire rope dampers, proven promising in cable vibration control, were taken as a case study. Extensive cyclic loading tests were conducted in this study to investigate the influences of design (geometric) parameters on the damping performance of wire rope dampers. Experimental results indicated that the loop mean diameter and rope diameter have nonlinear effects on the damping performance, while loop number exhibits a linear effect. The response surface formulas were developed by using experimental data to describe the geometric influences of wire rope dampers. The developed design method was used to optimize the wire rope damper installed on the stay cable of the Sutong Yangtze River Bridge. A dual damper arrangement was found to be significantly superior to the existing damper arrangement, not only increasing the modal damping ratio but also reducing the damper cost. The optimization design was verified by the harmonic response analysis and sinusoidal load excitation analysis results.

Staffing and human resource assignment in U-shaped production cells

Today, U-shaped production cells play an important role in manufacturing, as their flexibility allows for highly efficient production with a small number of operators. Since the cost of human resources has a significant impact on the total cost of the overall production process and the assignment of operators to tasks can have a major impact on the efficiency of the production process, it is important to develop design methods that allow the assignment of resources to tasks in a way that maximizes the efficiency of the U-cell manufacturing system. In this paper, the authors present a mathematical model for assigning operators to task sets using different objective functions. Calculations based on the presented mathematical model demonstrate that, given a suitable choice of objective functions, it is possible to determine an optimal operator-task assignment that can improve the efficiency of the manufacturing system.

Antisense and Functional Nucleic Acids in Rational Drug Development.

This review is focused on antisense and functional nucleic acid used for completely rational drug design and drug target assessment, aiming to reduce the time and money spent and increase the successful rate of drug development. Nucleic acids have unique properties that play two essential roles in drug development as drug targets and as drugs. Drug targets can be messenger, ribosomal, non-coding RNAs, ribozymes, riboswitches, and other RNAs. Furthermore, various antisense and functional nucleic acids can be valuable tools in drug discovery. Many mechanisms for RNA-based control of gene expression in both pro-and-eukaryotes and engineering approaches open new avenues for drug discovery with a critical role. This review discusses the design principles, applications, and prospects of antisense and functional nucleic acids in drug delivery and design. Such nucleic acids include antisense oligonucleotides, synthetic ribozymes, and siRNAs, which can be employed for rational antibacterial drug development that can be very efficient. An important feature of antisense and functional nucleic acids is the possibility of using rational design methods for drug development. This review aims to popularize these novel approaches to benefit the drug industry and patients.

An integrated-hull design assisted by artificial intelligence-aided design method

To mitigate the high cost of integrated ship design, in this paper, we propose an innovative integrated hull design methodology utilizing artificial intelligence-aided design technology. The AIAD methodology leverages a deep neural network model constructed from multiple fidelities datasets to curtail the exponential growth in data requirements resulting from the proliferation of design variables caused by integration. Combining the proposed bump-free deformation method and optimization algorithms with the multi-fidelity deep network, the AIAD-based design approach facilitates the achievement of optimal hull design solutions with remarkable fidelity while minimizing design workload. Utilizing the developed design method, we performed a numerical test on integrated-hull design for container ships.Through a comparative analysis and sensitive analysis of design results and workload, the optimized results obtained demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed AIAA integrated-hull design methodology in achieving optimal designs while preserving high fidelity and low workload. The proposed new approach has shown promises to expedite ship integrated-hull design, addressing the longstanding issue of its high cost.

APPROBATION OF MULTI-ROW WORKING BODIES OF THE TRIPLE SCHEME OF PARALLEL STREAM FOR SHIP VANE PUMPS. DESIGN METHOD

Presented the results of an extensive study of multi-row pumps with axial working bodies obtained at the production and testing base of JSC "NPO "Hydromash" for a deep modernization of the modern concept of ship blade pumps and further development of the theory of multi-row hydraulic machines. The paper considers a multi-row impeller of a triple parallel flow scheme, which was designed, manufactured and tested as part of an experimental pump sample. A design method for the developed impeller is presented, based on a combination of basic axial systems, studied in the framework of an extensive study of multi-row pumps through computational experiments in ANSYS CFD, and verified by bench tests. The results of laboratory tests of an experimental multi-row wheel of a triple scheme of parallel stream as part of a pump model are presented, confirming the efficiency of the design method used. The data obtained are planned to be used in the future to develop a modernized concept, form development directions and design methods for the latest ship-based vane pumps, in order to progress the level of their pressure-flow, weight, size, noise and other indicators. The absence of direct analogues of the considered multi-row impeller of the triple scheme is noted.

Robust Control of Right Invertible Nonlinear Systems

In a MIMO a nonlinear system having the same number of inputs and outputs, if certain coefficients that characterize its normal form have a special structure, a number of relevant design problems can been successfully addressed. In this paper we consider the more general case of a system having more inputs than outputs, we show that such special structure implies the regularity of the algorithm for construction of a right-inverse, and we show how a recently developed design method for robust control can be implemented on this class of MIMO systems.

THE DIVIDED BRAIN AND WAYS OF BUILDING THE WORLD: PARALLELS IN THE THOUGHT OF IAIN MCGILCHRIST AND CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER

What might have led to the fundamental changes in the built environment during the 20th century? While factors such as postwar reconstruction, urbanization, industrialization, shifts in style, or socio-political changes are surely involved, there may be deeper influences that are associated with the structure and dynamics of the human brain. Iain McGilchrist’s hemisphere hypothesis proposes that the differences between the left and right hemispheres are not functional but embody opposing approaches to the world: the left sees an atomized world made of things to be controlled and manipulated for survival; the right sees an interconnected world of wholes with which it is deeply related. McGilchrist observes that in recent centuries, there has been an increasing shift in the West towards the left hemisphere’s approach. Christopher Alexander’s lifelong quest for wholeness in the built world resonates with McGilchrist’s observations as applied to the field of architecture. Alexander observed that today’s built environment is an expression of our civilization seeing the world as a giant mechanism made of parts rather than an indivisible whole. In response, Alexander developed design methods that approach the world as a unified whole and the building of new places as a further unfolding of that whole.

Advantages and design of inerters for isolated storage tanks incorporating soil conditions

Inerter-based isolation systems are effective in providing seismic protection for storage tanks. However, the vibration control-oriented mechanism of inerter-based seismic isolation systems on the seismic response of liquid storage tanks remains unclear, with designs limited to rigid base assumptions. Moreover, the objective existence of the soil-structure interaction (SSI) is overlooked. This study contributes to a discovered advantage of the inerter-based isolation system, including the reduction of input energy and precise control of specific or multiple modes of sloshing heights. Furthermore, an advantageous feature-oriented optimal design for storage tanks with an inerter-based isolation system and with the incorporation of soil conditions is proposed in this study. Initially, an analytical model is developed, considering a storage tank with multi-mode sloshing responses and representing SSIs with frequency-dependent stiffness and damping coefficients. Stochastic response analysis is performed, leading to a novel formulation of multi-mode control and an empirical power equation that quantifies the input energy reduction effect. An advantageous feature-oriented optimal design framework, in which the SSI effect, tank geometric parameters, and inerter-based isolation system parameters are implemented, is established through comprehensive parametric analysis. The results demonstrate that the inerter-based isolation system can be intentionally designed to mitigate specific modes of sloshing height, with the inerter effectively reducing the input power of the entire tank. This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating the SSI effect in the seismic analysis and optimal design of inerter-based tanks. Particularly, the inerter-based isolation system designed assuming a rigid base cannot perform as expected due to the SSI effect, significantly resulting in larger seismic responses and energy dissipation burdens. The developed optimal design method guarantees a target base shear force and sloshing height regarding the considered soil condition.

Analytical method for evaluating the tensioned membrane effect in the geosynthetic-reinforced unsaturated embankment soil subjected to localized sinkholes

In karst regions, the occurrence of sinkholes is a common cause of roadway failures, leading to significant embankment deformation and instability. The advantages of geosynthetic reinforcement have been proven in practice in numerous countermeasures to lessen the impact of localized sinkholes, and associated design methodologies have been developed. However, some existing design methods assume there is no deformation in geosynthetics embedded in soils, and the effect of matric suction in soils is not considered either. This study suggested an analytical approach that took into account the strain in the geosynthetic reinforcements as well as the impact of matric suction. The developed design method was used to conduct parameter studies under various matric suction conditions. The method was validated against the experimental results, and the feasibility of the developed method was also compared with the existing design methods. The findings demonstrate that, in comparison to the method created here, existing design methodologies produce more conservative results. The strain and the deflection of the geosynthetic calculated using the suggested method are lower than those provided by the current design methodologies.

3D numerical model for transient simulations of floor cooling capacity and thermal comfort in a thermally heterogeneous room

This study presents the development of a computational model for an analysis of the dynamic heat transfer in a room equipped with the radiant cooling floor as a full, three-dimensional, thermally heterogeneous environment. The model is validated by comparison with the results of reference models and by the full-scale experimental measurements, which prove the good accuracy of the developed model for the simulation of heat gains in a thermally heterogeneous room (mean error 0.23 °C for the air temperature), as well as for the simulation of radiant floor cooling (mean error 0.16 °C for the temperature of floor area). A set of simulations is performed for an exemplary room with solar, long-wave, and convective heat gains to investigate the effects of type and time-variability on the heat gains for the operational characteristics of the cooling floor. Different types of temperature sensors (operative and air) used in the control system with different set-points are examined. Thermal heterogeneity of the room is included in the thermal comfort analysis performed using PMV, PPD, and PD-cold floor comfort indicators. It is found that the operational characteristics of the radiant floor strongly depend on the effects of dynamic heat flow, so it should be considered on the full spatial scale and the control strategy should not be neglected. It is desirable to develop design methods and tools for cooling floors that allow precise prediction of their operational characteristics but are not too computationally complex, which is satisfied by the proposed model.

Floor acceleration control of self-centering braced frames using viscous dampers

The self-centering braced frames (SCBFs) have been widely investigated for enhancing the building structures’ post-earthquake repairability by reducing or even eliminating the residual inter-story drifts. Nevertheless, it has been highlighted in recent research that the flag-shaped hysteretic behavior of SCBFs amplifies structural floor acceleration (FA) responses, which may lead to severe nonstructural damage. This paper intends to overcome this critical shortcoming of SCBFs by controlling FA responses using viscous dampers. This paper focuses on proposing a practical performance-based design strategy for designing viscous dampers to control the FA responses of the SCBF to the targeted level. To this end, the parametric dynamic analyses of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system were conducted to investigate the influence of the hysteretic parameters of self-centering braces (SCBs) and the contribution of viscous dampers (VDs) on the peak acceleration control in the SCBFs. Based on the results from the parametric dynamic analysis, the prediction models of inelastic displacement and acceleration ratios of the SCBF with VDs (denoted as the hybrid self-centering braced frame, HSCBF) were developed using the artificial neural network (ANN). The design steps included in the proposed method were presented, where a formula was proposed for predicting the absolute FAs of the HSCBF. Four demonstration buildings with 3, 6, 9, and 12 stories were designed and simulated to verify the developed performance-based design method. The analysis results show that the VDs can effectively control the FA responses of the SCBFs and the mean FAs of the designed systems can reach the desired performance level. Moreover, the reasons why VDs can reduce the accelerations of self-centering building structures are preliminarily discussed from the perspectives of frequency domain and higher mode effects. The analysis results indicate that compared to the original SCBFs, the HSCBF tends to vibrate with a lower frequency and show smaller high-mode responses.

A Novel Vane-twisted Conformal Diffuser for Compact Centrifugal Compressors

Compact aero-engines that use centrifugal compressors are in high demand due to their small size and cost-effectiveness. However, limited improvements in the aerodynamic performance of centrifugal impellers have led to a greater focus on improving the performance of diffusers. This paper introduces a novel vane conformal diffuser designed to match an impeller with a high pressure ratio. The diffuser utilizes a unique design method that creates transitions from a two-dimensional meridian to a three-dimensional configuration, to achieve a twisted design for the vane and hub. Eventually an integrated vane configuration is formed from the radial section to the bend and axial sections. The novel diffuser significantly reduces the radial size of the entire compressor compared with a conventional vaned diffuser. Different cross-section area distributions are studied to explore the reasonable static pressure recovery ability of the diffuser. To validate the new concept, the diffusers of two existing high-pressure centrifugal compressors are redesigned using the novel conformal diffuser configuration. The numerical results show that the aerodynamic performances of the two redesigned centrifugal compressors are improved in terms of both the total pressure ratio and the isentropic efficiency compared with their counterparts. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the developed design method for the novel conformal diffuser.

Results of the “DPDT-Auger” Research Project on Screw Displacement Piles

Abstract The main objective of the “DPDT-Auger” research project was to test the prototype DPDT auger for forming screw displacement piles in the ground (patented in Poland in 2020). An additional aim was to develop design methods and rules for the making of such piles. The augers and piles were first tested on a model scale, and then more extensively in the real scale on experimental field plots. The results found the overall functionality of the DPDT auger to be good, and in several aspects better than that of the SDP auger. The load-bearing capacities and Q-s characteristics of piles made with both augers were considered comparable. All the conducted tests and their derived dependencies together with the results of in situ subsoil tests allowed for the development of empirical calculation methods and prognostic procedures, useful for designing and producing piles with DPDT and SDP augers. FEM numerical simulation rules for the considered piles were also developed, verified and calibrated by the results of real pile tests. This article describes only the most important final results of the research project but not the detailed results of the numerous tests and analyses that were carried out. Also omitted are the results of model tests and numerical simulations, as well as the implementation and acceptance recommendations, as they have already been or will be the subject of separate publications.

Efficient Thermal-Stress Coupling Design of Chiplet-Based System with Coaxial TSV Array.

In this research, an efficient thermal-stress coupling design method for a Chiplet-based system with a coaxial through silicon via (CTSV) array is developed by combining the support vector machine (SVM) model and particle swarm optimization algorithm with linear decreasing inertia weight (PSO-LDIW). The complex and irregular relationship between the structural parameters and critical indexes is analyzed by finite element simulation. According to the simulation data, the SVM model is adopted to characterize the relationship between structural parameters and critical indexes of the CTSV array. Based on the desired critical indexes of the CTSV array, the multi-objective evaluation function is established. Afterwards, the structural parameters of the CTSV array are optimized through the PSO-LDIW algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed method is verified by the finite element simulation. The simulated peak temperature, peak stress of the Chiplet-based system, and peak stress of the copper column (306.16 K, 28.48 MPa, and 25.76 MPa) well agree with the desired targets (310 K, 30 MPa, and 25 MPa). Therefore, the developed thermal-stress coupling design method can effectively design CTSV arrays for manufacturing high-performance interconnect structures applied in Chiplet-based systems.

Compressive Behavior of a Novel Hexagonal Nodes-Based 3D Chiral Auxetic Structure

The energy absorption capacity of materials with negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) is attracting interest from both industry and academia due to the excellent impact resistance of the local shrinkage of materials. However, understanding the compressive behavior of 3D auxetic structures at different strain rates and developing design methods are challenging tasks due to the limited literature and insufficient data. This paper presents a study on the behavior of Poisson’s ratio of an advanced 3D chiral structure, which is formed of two orthogonally positioned 2D hexagonal nodes-based chiral structures. Firstly, both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are conducted to identify the Poisson’s ratio of 2D chiral structures. The same theoretical value of −1 is obtained for 2D chiral structures with a bending-dominated ligaments assumption. Thereafter, the Poisson’s ratio of 3D chiral structures is determined numerically using a low-speed loaded model composed of 5 × 5 × 8 3D unit cells for eliminating the boundary effects. The results show that impact velocity can strongly affect the energy absorption and deformation behavior of the proposed 3D chiral structure. Increasing the beam radius results in reduced energy absorption capability. However, the energy absorption capability of the 3D chiral structure is not sensitive to the yield strength of nodes. Impact direction affects the energy absorption performance of the 3D chiral structure, depending on the crushing strain. The research results could be used to optimize the design of the proposed novel 3D chiral honeycombs for various applications, such as impact energy absorbers and vibration-resistant dampers.

Modeling of hydrophobic tetrapeptides as a competitive inhibitor for HMG-CoA reductase

This study presents a modeling of hydrophobic tetrapeptides acting in a competitive manner against 3‑hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. This enzyme catalyzes the reductive deacylation of 3‑hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A to mevalonate, using two molecules of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate as cofactors, and this reaction represents the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Thus, it is a target of many investigations in order to control a cholesterol level because the elevated cholesterol level is known as a risk factor of hypercholesterolemia. In previous studies, the two hypocholesterolemic peptides were isolated from soy glicinin. Based on these sequences, a number of the tri-, tetra-, hexa- and heptapeptides were designed in order to improve their inhibitory activities. The peptide fragmentation was applied as a main tool in design. Using the developed design method, a new recognized motif in the designed tetrapeptides was identified. According to the design parameter, the IIIP peptide possessed the most rigid structure among the new designed tetrapeptides. The circular dichroism study confirmed that the observed predominant conformation of the IIIP peptide was close to the type I of a β-turn. The IIIP peptide was determined as the strongest inhibitor among the new designed tetrapeptides. The kinetic study revealed the competitive HMGR inhibition by the peptide, which acted as a bisubstrate blocking an access of HMG-CoA and NADPH to their binding sites. The correlation coefficient (r2) between the predicted and observed peptide activities of 0.91 suggests wide possibilities of the proposed approach to design new peptides that may differ from the previously designed peptides in the recognized motif, sequences, lengths and structural preferences.

Ternary deep eutectic solvents: Evaluations based on how their physical properties affect energy consumption during post-combustion CO2 capture

In this work, an inverse design method for absorbent development was proposed to reduce the energy requirement of post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC) with 4 steps. 1. Four physical solvents were modeled for PCC and the artificial neural network (ANN)-simulated annealing (SA) models were developed for fast and accurate multi-objective optimization. 2. The optimization results shows that the physical properties of absorbents are important for energy savings. Further analysis on liquid pump energy demand and optimal operating parameters of each absorbent identified absorbents with low viscosity, small average molecular weight, and high CO2 capture ability from flue gas are desirable for PCC. 3. A new strategy was proposed to adjust the physical properties of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and overcome the disadvantages of aqueous DESs—low thermal stability—by using two ingredients as hydrogen bond donors. 4. Through experimental tests and computer modeling, a DES (TEAC/2Gly/PDO) consisting of tetraethylammonium chloride, glycerol, and 1,3-propanediol in a mole ratio of 1:2:1 was identified as a promising CO2 absorbent with energy demand of 1.06 MJ/kg CO2.

Compact, Wideband, Dual-Band Polarization and Pattern Diversity Antenna for Vehicle Communications

A new design approach of dual-band polarization and pattern diversity antenna for vehicle communications is presented. This antenna consists of three essential parts: Monopole array, swastika-shaped gap-coupled patch, and customized L-shaped driven dipole. Firstly, the monopole array composed of four monopoles beneath the patch, is excited by dipole-induced patch mode of the swastika-shaped gap-coupled patch so as to realize bidirectional beam in the upper band. Secondly, the swastika-shaped gap-coupled patch is reused as the main radiator of the lower band to achieve wideband broadside right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) radiation, which is excited by a pair of customized parallel-lines-fed L-shaped driven dipoles. Finally, two short-circuited branches are etched in the long arm of the L-shaped driven dipole, bringing in the out-of-band suppression improvement between the lower and upper bands. In order to verify the developed design method, a dual-band antenna with different polarization and radiation properties over two bands was designed, fabricated, and tested. Measured results indicate that the developed antenna with a compact transversal size of 0.36λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> *0.36λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> radiates broadside RHCP electromagnetic wave in 3.55-4.25GHz and bidirectional vertical polarization (VP) in 5.62-6.38GHz, which covers C-band and DSRC-band, and especially serves as a promising candidate for applications in both vehicle-to-satellite (V2S) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications.