Design Management Research Articles

PRODUCT INNOVATION, MARKETING INNOVATION AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP OF MALAYSIAN PRODUCT INDUSTRIES: MEDIATING EFFECT OF DESIGN MANAGEMENT

Due to the increasing significance of design management and innovation to business performance, it is critical for the product sectors to stay up with the world's rapid changes in economic model and technology. As a result, industrialized countries regard design management as a competency that falls under the umbrella of innovation management. The objectives of this study are to identify the relationship between product innovation and marketing innovation on the business performance of Malaysian product industries, to analyze the effect of product innovation and marketing innovation on design management of Malaysian product industries, to examine the effect of design management on the business performance of Malaysian product industries and to test the mediating effect of design management between innovation and marketing innovation. This study uses a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative research design to collect data from 386 respondents from Malaysia's product industries. Simple random sampling was utilized to acquire the required data using a verified questionnaire. Furthermore, the qualitative survey data was analyzed using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (SmartPLS3-SEM) in early phase as back data for qualitative method and for qualitative concerns, the researcher is using Likert scale form for subject matter expert to validate the gathered data with the hypothesis based on the findings of this study to check on the validity of the data gathered. In accordance to this research, the researcher defines “Malaysian Product Industries” as a group of small and medium enterprises in the services, primary agriculture and Information & Communication Technology (ICT) sectors that are enterprises and private company with full-time employees not exceeding 50 or with annual sales turnover not exceeding RM5 million. This study presents empirical evidence that the effect of design management on the relationship between innovation types and business success in Malaysia's product industries could lead to increased company performance. This research could assist the product industries better their businesses by identifying critical factors that contribute to greater business performance.

Entrepreneurship in Islamic Education Institutions: Pesantren Strategy in Responding to the Industrial Revolution 4.0

This study aims to explore the proactive steps of pesantren in improving the entrepreneurial skills of Santri to respond to the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The study, which was conducted at Pesantren Al-Mawadah Honggo Suco Kudus, used a case study approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The collected data were analyzed using a qualitative approach with thematic analysis techniques. The results showed that Pesantren Al-Mawadah Honggo Suco Kudus has four excellent programs to support these goals. First, through training and workshops that focus on developing digital skills such as programming, graphic design, and social media management. Second, by strengthening technology-based education through curriculum relevant to Industry 4.0, such as artificial intelligence, data analysis, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Third, through collaboration with related companies and institutions to provide access to pesantren and students in understanding the latest industry needs and building networks that are useful in the business world. Fourth, by applying an experiential learning-oriented learning approach to teach students how to think creatively, innovatively, and adaptively. The challenges faced are the lack of understanding of entrepreneurial concepts and practices among pesantren teachers and managers as well as access to resources and capital to develop entrepreneurial activities. This research provides a foundation for the development of an entrepreneurship curriculum that is relevant and useful for Santri in welcoming industry 4.0.

A Low-Cost Smart Wearable Glove for Non-Invasive Health Monitoring

Wearable physiological signal monitoring systems hold notable potential in the future of personal healthcare by seamlessly integrating into daily life, providing continuous monitoring, and aiding in the early detection of health issues. This research presents a wearable health monitoring glove, with a focus on cost-effectiveness while maintaining efficiency for developing countries. The wearable glove can track vital physiological indicators like Blood Pressure, Body Temperature, Glucose level, Blood Oxygen Saturation, Hemoglobin level, ECG, Room Temperature, Humidity, and Motion Tracking. A user-friendly interface facilitates easy interaction, while efforts in energy-efficient design and power management aim to prolong battery life. Also, real-time data monitoring ensures precision in signal analysis and the extraction of vital health data of individuals. The proposed wearable hand glove utilizes a collection of sensors and integrates them towards the diverse detection of skin humidity, temperature, blood oxygen, hemoglobin, etc. non-invasively. Apart from its technical features, the research explores potential applications in healthcare, fitness tracking, and research fields, presenting a versatile solution. Beyond its technical attributes, the research explores potential applications in medical and personal healthcare, fitness tracking, sports, etc. Collaborative efforts with regulatory bodies assess the feasibility of obtaining necessary approvals or certifications, while scalability considerations pave the way for potential mass production and market deployment.

Investigating built environment and traffic flow impact on crash frequency in urban road networks

While numerous studies have examined the factors that influence crash occurrence, there remains a gap in understanding the intricate relationship between built environment, traffic flow, and crash occurrences across different spatial units. This study explores how built environment attributes, and dynamic traffic flow characteristics affect crash frequency by focusing on proposed traffic density-based zones (TDZs). Utilizing a comprehensive dataset from Greater Melbourne, Australia, this research emphasizes on the dynamic traffic flow variables and insights from the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram model, considering parameters such as shockwave velocity and congestion index. The association between the potential influencing factors and crash frequency is examined using a random parameter negative binomial regression model. Results indicate that the data segmentation based on TDZs is instrumental in establishing a more refined crash model compared to traditional planning-based zones, as demonstrated by improved goodness-of-fit measures. Factors including density (e.g., employment density), network design (e.g., road density and highway density), land use diversity (e.g., job-housing balance and land use mixture), and public transit accessibility (e.g., bus route density) are significantly associated with crash occurrence. Furthermore, the unobserved heterogeneity effects of the shockwave velocity and congestion index on crashes are revealed. The study highlights the significance of incorporating dynamic traffic flow variables in understanding crash frequency variations across different spatial units. These findings can inform optimal real-time traffic monitoring, environmental design, and road safety management strategies to mitigate crash risks.

Empowering Innovation in Banking Insurance: Expert System for Information Management

Background Nowadays, financial institutions face and solve challenges to optimise Information Management (IM), so the use of new technologies such as Expert Systems (ES) is indispensable. Therefore, the objective of this research is to implement an ES to improve IM in insurance companies. Method In terms of approach, the agile methodology SCRUM was chosen, which consists of five phases: initiation, planning and estimation, implementation, review and retrospective, launch, and thus decision making and optimisation of the IM process. In addition, the following technologies were chosen: ASP.NET as programming language, HTML as markup language, SQL Server as database management and CSS for design and visual styling. Results The results also showed a significant increase of 35% in user service, accompanied by a significant improvement of 44% in report delivery. Finally, a significant improvement of 24% was observed following the implementation of the expert system. This streamlines processes, reduces waiting times, improves the user experience in real time and optimises the management of large volumes of data in the insurance company. Conclusions The system demonstrated that this tool improves decision making, reduces errors in the issuing area and provides a user-friendly interface for information management.

NEW URBANISM IN CONTEXT TO MOBILITY

In recent years, the concept of New Urbanism has gained significant attention as a means of addressing the challenges of urban development and mobility. There has been a growing interest in understanding how new urbanism principles impact mobility patterns and behaviours. The New Urbanism, initially conceived as an anti – sprawl reform movement, New Urbanism is an urban planning and design approach that emphasizes walkability, mixed land uses, and connectivity. In new urbanism, there is a strong emphasis on promoting alternative modes of transportation to reduce car dependency and create more sustainable and liveable communities. These abstract aims to explore the relationship between new urbanism and mobility, focusing on the various factors that influence transportation. This paper aims to explore the key principles of New Urbanism that enhance mobility and examine the ways in which it promotes the use of alternative modes of transportation. Through this research, we hope to provide insights into the potential benefits and challenges of New Urbanism as a means of improving mobility in urban areas. Some common modes of transportation in new urbanist developments include walking, cycling, and public transit by examining the role of street design, infrastructure, and transportation demand management strategies. This not only helps to reduce traffic congestion and air pollution but also promotes a healthier and more active lifestyle. The goal is to encourage alternative transportation options. This research seeks to provide insights into creating more sustainable and accessible urban environments. This research will contribute to the ongoing dialogue on how to design cities that prioritize mobility, promote alternative transportation options, and reduce car dependency. Key Words: New urbanism, Sustainable mobility, Transit-oriented development (TOD), Walkable communities, Active transportation, public space, public transit.

Design Science in business administration

Objective of the study: This article aims to analyse the intellectual structure of Design Science in Business Administration. It Identifies the most influential works and journals, the theoretical approaches for the generation of artifacts, and discusses the intellectual structure of the emerging literature on Design Science. Methodology: The research used bibliographic coupling and citation analyses in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Originality/relevance: This research contributes to a better understanding of the design science in Business Administration. Main results: The articles are, in the main, theoretical, demonstrating that Design Science is still in an initial maturity phase. As for the empirical and theoretical (illustrated) articles, their respective authors indicate as artifacts: framework, method, and instantiation, in addition to Design Propositions, Design Principles, and Technological Rules. The articles that constitute DS's intellectual structure are predominantly in the Systems Information area and, to a lesser degree, in Service Design and Operations Management. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The article contributes to the scientific discussion on design science by identifying the main areas that use the paradigm to conduct research in Business Administration.

Total Laboratory Automation in Clinical Microbiology: A Note on Needs, Challenges, and Applications in a Pandemic Scenario

Recently, an increasing number of publications on automation in diagnostic laboratories, especially in microbiology, has illustrated its potential impact on modern medicine by enhancing the overall quality of culture-based microbiology testing. In the context of clinical microbiology, total laboratory automation (TLA) is now defined as automating the testing workflow, which comprises all phases from sample inoculation to outcome analysis. Hence, there is a need to design or implement proper laboratory automation management processes to enhance workflow, reduce analysis time, and deliver high-quality results without delay in treatment initiation. This review-cum-perspective article highlights the need and current advancements in diagnostic microbiology automation that could revolutionize laboratory operations in healthcare settings. Automation of the workflow is a crucial advancement in the recent history of laboratory diagnostics that unites many diagnostic specializations into a single track to increase the effectiveness, administration, standardization, reliability, and safety of lab tests. While clinical chemistry laboratories adopted and deployed laboratory automation decades earlier, the process of implementing them into routine clinical microbiological practices has several bottlenecks and is still a lengthy process and fraught with technical and regulatory challenges. Moreover, due to outbreaks including the COVID-19 pandemic of recent times, testing volumes are increasing, and automation could probably be a great solution for small and mid-sized laboratories. This article lists the TLA remedies and the specimen-processing tools that are presently available. The need and challenges to implementing automation in microbiological laboratories are discussed with a note on applications in pandemic scenarios.

Robust pressure prediction of oil and gas pipeline networks based on equipment embedding neural network

Currently, extensive pipeline networks are developed in response to the demands of the oil and gas industry. The accurate estimation of the hydraulic condition of pipeline networks holds significant importance in the fields of pipeline design and safety management. Nevertheless, predicting the pressure of oil and gas pipeline networks with different equipment and structures remains challenging. To meet this challenge, a novel pressure prediction model for the oil and gas pipeline networks based on the equipment embedding neural network (EENN) is proposed in this study. The proposed model embeds different equipment models into the neural network model. The neural network in this model is used to focus on learning the connection characteristics of the pipeline network to achieve higher prediction accuracy. The present study first explores different embedding combinations of the EENN model to estimate the pressure in an oil pipeline network system that involves a non-isothermal batch transportation process. Then, the trained model is applied to predict the pressure in a gas pipeline network. The optimal EENN exhibits an average prediction error of 18.5% for oil pipelines and 0.36% for gas pipelines, which is lower than 20.8% and 3.57% under the neural network. The findings of this study demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed EENN in accurately forecasting pressures in diverse oil and gas pipeline networks by reducing the complexity of the learning process.

Theoretical approaches to AI in supply chain optimization: Pathways to efficiency and resilience

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into supply chain management has emerged as a pivotal avenue for enhancing efficiency and resilience in contemporary business operations. This paper explores various theoretical approaches to AI within the context of supply chain optimization, delineating pathways to achieve heightened performance and adaptability. Commencing with a historical overview, the paper delves into the evolution of AI techniques in supply chain management, elucidating how these methodologies have transformed the landscape of logistics and operations. Fundamental to this exploration is the discussion on mathematical modeling and algorithmic frameworks that underpin supply chain optimization, providing the theoretical foundation for subsequent AI applications. A key focus of the paper lies in the application of machine learning techniques for demand forecasting and inventory management, which leverage data-driven insights to optimize resource allocation and mitigate risks associated with supply-demand fluctuations. Additionally, network theory and graph algorithms play a crucial role in optimizing the structure and dynamics of supply chain networks, enabling efficient transportation, distribution, and inventory routing. Strategic decision-making in supply chains is addressed through the lens of game theory, which offers theoretical frameworks to model interactions among multiple stakeholders and optimize outcomes in competitive environments. Moreover, swarm intelligence and multi-agent systems provide innovative solutions for coordination and collaboration within complex supply chain ecosystems. Evolutionary algorithms and artificial neural networks are discussed as powerful tools for supply chain design, predictive analytics, and risk management, offering capabilities for optimizing decision-making processes across various operational domains. Furthermore, reinforcement learning techniques empower dynamic decision-making in real-time operational settings, fostering adaptive and resilient supply chain management practices. By integrating multiple AI techniques, hybrid approaches offer synergistic solutions that capitalize on the strengths of diverse methodologies to address multifaceted challenges in supply chain optimization. Through a synthesis of theoretical insights and practical case studies, this paper provides valuable insights into the current state and future directions of AI-driven supply chain optimization.

Research autopsy programmes in oncology: shared experience from 14 centres across the world.

While there is a great clinical need to understand the biology of metastatic cancer in order to treat it more effectively, research is hampered by limited sample availability. Research autopsy programmes can crucially advance the field through synchronous, extensive, and high-volume sample collection. However, it remains an underused strategy in translational research. Via an extensive questionnaire, we collected information on the study design, enrolment strategy, study conduct, sample and data management, and challenges and opportunities of research autopsy programmes in oncology worldwide. Fourteen programmes participated in this study. Eight programmes operated 24 h/7 days, resulting in a lower median postmortem interval (time between death and start of the autopsy, 4 h) compared with those operating during working hours (9 h). Most programmes (n = 10) succeeded in collecting all samples within a median of 12 h after death. A large number of tumour sites were sampled during each autopsy (median 15.5 per patient). The median number of samples collected per patient was 58, including different processing methods for tumour samples but also non-tumour tissues and liquid biopsies. Unique biological insights derived from these samples included metastatic progression, treatment resistance, disease heterogeneity, tumour dormancy, interactions with the tumour micro-environment, and tumour representation in liquid biopsies. Tumour patient-derived xenograft (PDX) or organoid (PDO) models were additionally established, allowing for drug discovery and treatment sensitivity assays. Apart from the opportunities and achievements, we also present the challenges related with postmortem sample collections and strategies to overcome them, based on the shared experience of these 14 programmes. Through this work, we hope to increase the transparency of postmortem tissue donation, to encourage and aid the creation of new programmes, and to foster collaborations on these unique sample collections. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

Developing three-dimensional spatial embodiment in architectural design education: underwater experiences

ABSTRACT Three-dimensional thinking, observation, and practice have long been an important part of architectural education. Reduced awareness of corporeality and the senses can impair a student’s capacity to create and develop an architectural environment holistically. Simulation programmes are an important tool to fill this gap, as they can broaden a student’s perceptual framework. This article aims to understand the potential of underwater contact experiences to serve this purpose, especially underwater (UW) rugby which is one of the few sports that is three-dimensional. The article also aims to understand how simulation programmes, virtual reality, or augmented environments of UW rugby can contribute to design and architecture education by increasing student awareness. The article is grounded in the impact of this sport on the author and the author’s perceptions based on personal experience as a former UW rugby player. It is argued that the simulation of UW rugby can contribute to design-related topics such as free form-finding, role-sharing and group collaboration, the development of awareness to sensorial design processes, risk- taking and action-oriented processes, designing with environmental uncertainty, and even design management, as these immersive environments provide a new agenda for future designers. Due to practical limitations, the article presents a theoretical argument as a first step toward developing a theoretical framework. Future studies with cognitive research methods and quantitative approaches in sports simulation design research will address these constraints.

Product innovation design process combined Kano and TRIZ with AD: Case study.

In the era of rapid product iteration, companies need simple and effective methods to guide the entire process of product innovation design and enhance their product innovation capabilities. Most research focused on improving one or several steps in the product design process. Although some scholars have proposed methods that guided the entire process, they combined more than three different theories, which increased the difficulty of theoretical learning and the complexity of practical implementation. This paper proposed a product innovation design process composed of three theoretical methods: Kano, Axiomatic Design (AD), and Theory of the Solution of Inventive Problems (TRIZ). This new process guided the entire product design process with fewer theoretical methods, reducing the difficulty of learning and implementation. The paper demonstrated the effectiveness of this method through the design practice of a portable two-wheeled self-balancing vehicle. Additionally, the discussion section explored the method's potential from the design management perspective.

Influences of critical success factors on nonprofit outcomes of ODA education construction projects: a case of Vietnam

Purpose Official development assistance (ODA) education projects have played a crucial role in improving education and training fields in developing countries, but are often facing several considerable challenges (e.g. long implementation time). Thus, this study aims to identify critical success factors (CSFs) in ODA education projects and investigate the influences of CSFs on ODA project performance measured by 11 nonprofit outcomes (NPOs). Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive literature review and expert interviews were conducted to compile a list of 35 potential success factors for ODA education projects. Using a survey questionnaire, 143 valid responses were collected from practitioners joining ODA projects in Vietnam. Various statistical methods (e.g. mean score method, Spearman rank correlation test, analysis of variance test, factor analysis and regression analysis) were used to analyze the collected data. Findings This research identified seven CSFs for ODA education projects in Vietnam: comprehensive project management competency (C1), clarity and compliance in project execution (C2), transparency and committed funding (C3), external context conditions (C4), well-controlled design and project management procedures (C5), preparations in equipment and complexity insight (C6) and punctual site delivery (C7). Furthermore, the results of regression analysis indicated that comprehensive project management competency (C1) and transparency and committed funding (C3) could significantly affect various NPOs. Originality/value This study offers significant insights for practitioners (e.g. project managers) to improve ODA projects’ performance and effectiveness in the education and training sector of a developing country context (like Vietnam).

L2 writing teachers’ feedback practices for doctoral publishing: a teacher feedback literacy perspective

While feedback literate teachers play critical roles in enhancing feedback efficacy and students’ learning, there is a paucity of studies on writing teacher feedback literacy. To address this issue, this study draws from the notion of teacher feedback literacy to explore two second language (L2) writing teachers’ feedback practices in the context of L2 writing for doctoral publishing at a Chinese research-intensive university. The analysis of the interviews, classroom observations and such textual data as the participants’ profile sheets and course materials informs the development of a contextualised, two-dimension framework of teacher feedback literacy, encompassing feedback design and process management. The first dimension features an integrated, purposeful and enabling design of feedback practices that aligns with the design of curriculum and teaching, and addresses specific pedagogical goals and practical constraints arising from the teaching context. The second dimension involves meticulous management of feedback process to ensure effective feedback enactment in teaching, contributing to developing student feedback literacy. This dimension underscores students’ skills development, as well as internal and external feedback interactions characterised by varying patterns of student feedback engagement. The paper concludes with implications for L2 writing feedback research and practices.

An HBIM Approach for Structural Diagnosis and Intervention Design in Heritage Constructions: The Case of the Certosa di Pisa

In the conservation of monumental heritage, the collection and utilization of information are of primary importance. The Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) procedure harnesses the potential of three-dimensional models, offering significant advantages in accessing documentation, interoperability, multidimensionality of intervention design, cost evaluation, and maintenance management. Our attention here is focused on the Certosa di Pisa (Italy), a large historical complex built in the 14th century as a monastery of the Carthusian Order, currently in a state of deterioration and in need of restoration and re-functionalization. The multifaceted nature of this monumental complex, with its intricate interplay of architectural elements spanning different historical periods and featuring diverse techniques, poses a significant challenge for structural safety assessment. This case study presents an opportunity to explore an HBIM approach to streamline the diagnostic process and facilitate the intervention design phase. The goal is achieved by utilizing an accurate 3D model enriched with data from multiple sources and automating certain operations for a simplified safety assessment of masonry structures under both gravity and seismic loads. The usefulness of the HBIM methodology is highlighted as a valuable tool in the realm of cultural heritage structures for both practitioners and scholars alike.

Shattering the glass ceiling for women in gardening and landscaping: a mini-review

The history of gardening and landscaping has historically been a male monopoly, and until the 20th century, women could not get anywhere near a career in these fields. This brief review focuses on some of the women who paved the way in Europe and the USA. It also attempts to tell some lesser-known stories, focusing on those who turned to gardening and landscaping, subjects that have been much less explored in floriculture. This review does not claim to be exhaustive, although it does attempt to draw attention to a historical period between the Victorian age and the present day. Women’s significant contributions range from dissemination to teaching, research, education, association and popularization of gardening and landscaping. In this paper, we briefly discuss, in the 21st century, men and women who may have similarities in education and work experience, but these similarities do not lead to comparable careers or positions in academic departments. Some scientific studies that have an impact on the design and sustainable management of green spaces linked to ecosystem services are considered. Finally, the contribution of women in landscape architecture is briefly examined.

The prediction of deformation in the process of erecting ship blocks based on inherent strain approach

Ship structures are referred to as plated and/or welded structures. Plates are sequentially welded using a high-temperature heat source to assemble the overall ship. The heat source used in the sequential welding inevitably generates imperfections in the ship structure, e.g., welding-induced deformation. Predicting welding-induced deformation is a critical task in design and control management at a shipyard, and much research has focused on the inherent strain method among possible efficient numerical methods. However, determining the inherent strain requires the synchronisation of all strain terms as a function of time and welding uncertainty because the welding position depends on the human worker. The present study thus derives time-dependent terms for inherent strain of the overall welding process and includes the welding position and cooling method in the function of the heat transfer coefficient. The inherent strain is derived through the detailed analysis of the overall welding process in terms of the application and utilisation, and it is simulated and reviewed for the erection of the hull block of a container ship and an LNG carrier. The inherent strain is expected to be used as a simple form of strain in the further study of various large welded structures and materials and in research on welding parameters.

Research on the Digital Transformation of Guochao Brand Image Driven by Visual Communication Design

With the development of digital technology, the digital transformation of Guochao brand image has become an inevitable trend. Visual communication design plays a key role in this. This study takes the "Longmen" brand packaging design as an example to explore the digital transformation of national fashion brands driven by visual communication design. The article analyzes the background of digital transformation and defines the concept of visual communication. At the same time, discussions were held on the digital transformation of Guochao brand image and application strategies were proposed. Through an in-depth study of the historical and cultural connotations of the "Longmen" brand, it provides theoretical and practical guidance for the digital transformation of national fashion brands, while providing reference and inspiration for visual communication design and brand management research.

Visualization Program Design for Complex Piping Systems in Marine Engine Simulation Systems

This study is dedicated to the development of an advanced ship piping network programming tool to address the challenges faced by traditional text-based design and computation methods when dealing with complex and large-data-volume piping systems, such as burdensome programming tasks, high error rates, and difficulty in troubleshooting faults. Leveraging Microsoft’s WPF technology and the C# language, combined with Excel as a data input platform, this tool provides an intuitive graphical user interface, allowing users to intuitively build and analyze ship piping network models by dragging and dropping controls. The tool not only simplifies the design process of complex piping systems but also significantly improves efficiency and accuracy through automated data processing and calculations. It supports user customization of key pipeline characteristics, such as maximum flow and direction, further enhancing the applicability and accuracy of the piping network model. In addition, with optimized interaction design and data management methods, the tool significantly reduces the learning difficulty for users, while improving the reliability of design and efficiency of troubleshooting. The results of this study show the tool not only technically outperforms traditional methods but also provides a new efficient, intuitive, and user-friendly tool for the teaching and engineering applications of ship piping networks, paving a new path for the design and optimization of ship piping network systems, with significant practical application value and theoretical significance. Looking forward, this tool is expected to play a broader role in the instruction and industrial practices associated with ship piping networks, moving the field toward more efficient and intelligent development.