Research Design Research Articles

Investigation on Kinds of Infrastructure Available for Projects Implementation in Public Secondary Schools

The study was concerned with investigating the kinds of infrastructure available for projects implementation in public secondary schools in the West ‘A’ District of Zanzibar. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The target population comprised teachers and heads of schools. Sample size for this study was 255 respondents. Structured questionnaires and semi- structured interviews were used for data collection. Collected quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviations) while qualitative data were analyzed on data deduction technique. The study reveals significant variability in the availability of infrastructure necessary for project implementation in public secondary schools. While some schools have essential resources like computer labs and garden areas, many lack crucial facilities such as sports areas and technological support. The absence of established project timelines highlights a need for better project management practices. It is recommended that the district prioritize the equitable distribution of essential facilities, such as sports areas and technological support, across all public secondary schools. Additionally, implementing structured project management practices, including established timelines and regular progress assessments, will enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of infrastructure development and maintenance.

HUBUNGAN AIR SUSU IBU EKSKLUSIF DENGAN JUMLAH GIGI SUSU BAYI USIA 6-12 BULAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BOTANIA KOTA BATAM

Background: The incidence of delayed growth and development of bones and teeth, as well as abnormalities in bone and teeth among the Indonesian population, is quite high. The growth of baby teeth provides an indication of infant nutrition, as sufficient nutrition influences the acceleration of baby teeth growth. Thus, essential nutrients for overall metabolism, foods with high-quality protein and calcium concentration, have a linear relationship with the growth and development of bones and teeth. Methods: : The study employed an analytical observational research design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 486 infants aged 6-12 months from the Botania Community Health Center. Sample selection utilized Simple Random Sampling with a minimum total sample of 78. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square Test. Results: There was a significant relationship between Exclusive Breastfeeding and the Number of Baby Teeth Aged 6-12 Months at the Botania Community Health Center, with a obtained p-value of 0.024 < 0.05. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it is concluded that there is a significant relationship between the Number of Baby Teeth Aged 6-12 Months in the working area of Botania Community Health Center, Batam City, in 2023, with a p-value of 0.024. Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding, Infants aged 6-12 months, Baby Teeth

Evaluating User Acceptance of Mobile Payment Systems in Uganda

Purpose: This research evaluates user acceptance of mobile payment systems. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Combining machine learning with DW systems provides significant advantages in different fields. This synergy boosts analytical aptitudes, allowing the organization to go a notch higher than descriptive analytics in predictive and prescriptive analytics. However, such a decision is not simple as it has implementation matters such as data quality problems, scalability, and real-time processing problems. Integration best practices include in-database machine learning processing, a feature store, and proper MLOps practices. Real-life examples from the healthcare industry, banking and financial services, retail, and manufacturing industries show that this integration brings operational enhancements for the business and positive effects on customers and overall organizational performance. Recommendations: Mobile payment providers should prioritize user-centric design principles, focusing on simplicity, usability, and intuitive interfaces. Policymakers should develop regulatory frameworks that establish clear standards for mobile payment systems, focusing on data protection, privacy, and security. Keywords: User Acceptance, Mobile Payment Systems

Association between Stress Levels and Functional Dyspepsia among Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study of Indonesian Christian University

Background: Stress is a problem that often occurs among students. The high incidence of stress in students can interfere with students' effectiveness in carrying out their lecture activities. Stress in students not only affects the quality of learning but can also affect the physical condition of students, one of which is the occurrence of gastrointestinal disorders, one example of which is dyspepsia. Aims: This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between stress levels and functional dyspepsia in students at the Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Christian University class of 2020. Study Design: This research uses an observational analytical research design method with a cross-sectional approach. The main data source is primary data obtained through questionnaires taken online via Google Forms. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at the Indonesian Christian University located in Cawang, East Jakarta. Time of research in September 2022. Methodology: The population in this study was 137 students from the Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Christian University class of 2020. The sample was taken using a simple random sampling technique totaling 103 people determined using the Slovin formula with an uncertainty percentage of 5%. Results: From the results of data collection on 103 respondents who were FK UKI students Class of 2020, around 65% or 67 respondents were identified as having normal stress levels and as many as 64 students (62%) had symptoms of functional dyspepsia. Based on the results of the bivariate analysis, it was found that there was a relationship between the level of stress and the incidence of dyspepsia experienced by FK UKI students class of 2020 with the results of the chi-square test, namely p = 0.003 < sig 0.05 Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between stress levels and functional dyspepsia. This certainly cannot be taken lightly because the incidence of functional dyspepsia can have fatal consequences which can disrupt the sufferer's activities and productivity. Therefore, it is very necessary to manage emotions (stress levels) both by the sufferer himself and with professional help.

Child-headed Households: Techniques to lessen the detrimental Impacts of Poverty on Secondary School Students from Chimanimani District in Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe

The purpose of this study was to examine strategies to reduce the negative effects of poverty among learners from Child-headed Households. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory was employed as the theoretical framework. The study used a qualitative research design. Thirty-two participants were purposefully selected. Interviews, focus groups and document analysis were employed as data collection tools. The study established that the Basic Education Assistance Module (BEAM), supplementary feeding schemes, and income-generating projects were the main strategies which were employed to cushion secondary school learners from child-headed households. It is recommended that school administrators prioritise funding income-generating projects to help schools satisfy the psychological requirements of learners from child-headed households. This study adds to the body of knowledge about how adolescents from child-headed households experience academic success. In several sub-sectors of the Zimbabwean education sector, it expands understanding of the lived experiences of a sample of teenage students from low-income homes in Manicaland Province that has never before been investigated. The report makes a clear call to action for the Zimbabwean government to reconsider the BEAM support model in light of the insufficient funds now provided to learners and children ofchild-headed households. Keywords: Academic Success, Child-headed Households, Poverty, Psychological Development,Vulnerable groups

Effect of FinTech Adoption, Green Finance and Green Innovation on Sustainability Performance of Nepalese Financial Institutions

This study is aimed to investigate the impact of FinTech adoption on the sustainability performance of financial institutions of Nepal focusing the mediating role of green finance and green innovation. Employing a descriptive and causal comparative research design, the research systematically describes the characteristics of FinTech adoption among customers of financial institutions of the selected area and explores potential cause-and-effect relationships between FinTech adoption and sustainability performance. Data were collected from 180 respondents through a structured questionnaire distributed via an online survey platform, utilizing a 5-point Likert scale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were used to test the measurement model and examine the relationships between the constructs. The study confirmed that FinTech adoption positively impacts sustainability performance and green finance, although it negatively influences green innovation. Mediation analysis revealed that neither green finance nor green innovation significantly mediate the relationship between FinTech adoption and sustainability performance. The findings underscore the necessity for financial institutions to integrate both technological advancements and sustainable practices comprehensively. This study contributes to the academic literature by providing empirical evidence from Nepal and offers practical insights for policymakers and financial institutions aiming to enhance sustainability through fintech. By addressing critical research gaps, this study advances our understanding of how FinTech can be effectively aligned with sustainable financial practices in Nepal, ensuring long-term environmental, social, and economic benefits.

Impact and Functions of Questioning in English Classes

This study offers valuable insights into how English teachers in Nepali secondary schools are utilizing questioning techniques in the classroom, highlighting both the strengths and challenges of current practices. Adopting a qualitative research design for the study, eight secondary-level English teachers from four community schools in the Rupandehi district were selected as informants. The data were elicited through classroom observation and semi-structured interviews. First, classroom observation of eight teachers was carried out. Then, they were interviewed, and the data were processed. It was found that the teachers employed a range of questioning types, including higher-order, lower-order, and follow-up questions. These varied approaches aimed to foster interactive classroom environments and enhance students' communicative abilities. Critical thinking and brainstorming questions were also used, suggesting an effort to develop students' analytical skills. Most students responded positively to being questioned, indicating a preference for interactive engagement. However, a minority of students expressed fear of making mistakes, which could hinder their participation. Some teachers occasionally used an inappropriate tone, such as shouting or displaying anger, leading to irrelevant or unsuitable questions. This approach negatively impacted student motivation and participation. The findings highlight the importance of using a variety of questioning techniques to promote critical thinking and communication skills. Teachers should be mindful of their tone and approach when asking questions to avoid creating a fearful or uncomfortable classroom environment. There is a need for ongoing professional development to help teachers refine their questioning strategies, ensuring they are effectively fostering student engagement and critical thinking. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how questioning practices can be optimized in English language teaching to improve student learning outcomes in Nepali classrooms.

A place of encounter: Health and social care workers’ perspectives on public gathering spaces for people using drugs

Background: The use of drugs is an escalating concern, with significant implications for the health and daily functionality for individuals. It has proven challenging to provide accessible health and social services. In the context of addressing substance use issues in urban areas, public gathering places for individuals who use drugs play a multifaceted role, serving as sites of belonging, support and potential illicit activity. This qualitative study explores the experiences of healthcare and social workers regarding a public gathering place, referred to as “the Bench”, in a medium-sized Norwegian city. Methods: A qualitative research design consisting of semi-structured focus group interviews and individual interviews with 13 participants representing various support agencies. Results: The analysis resulted in four thematic areas: (1) belonging and a gateway to support and services; (2) balancing user autonomy at the Bench and systems support; (3) the role of a centralised location; and (4) the preventive role of support workers at the Bench. Conclusion: While the Bench fosters a sense of community and provides access to vital services, concerns about illicit activities persist due to its visibility. Nevertheless, its central location facilitates outreach efforts and ensures easy access to support services. The study underscores the preventive role of healthcare and social workers in stabilising the environment and mitigating conflicts. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of central locations for public gathering places, emphasising the proximity to low-threshold services. The Bench represents a crucial venue for establishing relationships and providing assistance to individuals who use drugs, contributing to harm reduction efforts in the community.

Language teacher expertise research: A theoretical case and research agenda

Abstract Expertise exists among all communities of educational practitioners at all levels and in all national contexts. By identifying expert practitioners, learning from them and valuing their professional competence, researchers can support, promote and build upon sustainable, embodied, holistic models of quality in ways that have direct relevance for the classroom, the curriculum and wider educational goals. Yet, despite its potential as a field of research, there have been relatively few studies involving expert language teachers to date. After a brief historical background, this article makes the case for language teacher expertise research, noting its high ecological validity, its great practical utility, its ability to bridge the research–practice divide and its potentially positive impact on teaching communities. Key methodological considerations are also discussed, including defining expertise, identifying expert teachers and looking beyond the limits of subject-specific pedagogy to understand the whole practitioner in their sociocultural context. The article then proposes a framework for future teacher expertise research that spans diverse methodologies. Six example research tasks from within this framework are proposed, each justified and exemplified, incorporating suggestions for research design that are intended to encourage both experienced and novice researchers to engage with teacher expertise as a promising domain for future investigation.

Comparison of utility and organizational impact of reusable and single-use rhinolaryngoscopes in a tertiary otorhinolaryngology department

BackgroundFlexible rhinolaryngoscopes are an important tool in otolaryngology. In recent years, single-use rhinolaryngoscopes (SURLs), which have been developed as an alternative to reusable scopes (RRLs), offer various advantages including less risk of contamination and elimination of the need for cleaning and reprocessing between procedures. This study aimed to compare procedure efficiency, organizational impact, and economic impact between SURLs and RRLs used for elective procedures conducted outside the otorhinolaryngology department in the hospital environment.MethodsIn this randomized prospective study, either type of endoscope was tested by on-call otolaryngologists over a total of twelve weeks. The organizational impact was investigated using a quantitative research design. All categories of stakeholders responded to specific surveys based on profession; these included doctors (n = 13), those in managerial positions (n = 3), and other healthcare staff including technicians and nurses (n = 11). A micro-costing approach was used to evaluate resource utilization and cost of services. The trial was uploaded to clinicaltrials.gov (ID number: NCT0519821, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05198219?intr=rhinolaryngo&rank=1).ResultsOverall, 14 and 12 procedures were performed using the SURLs and RRLs, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the endoscopes in terms of procedure duration, reported image quality, or maneuverability. The SURLs were significantly superior in terms of four organizational impact parameters, namely, modes of cooperation and communication, vigilance and monitoring methods, working conditions and safety, and logistics. The estimated per-procedure cost of the RRLs was SEK 536 (€ 34,68).ConclusionThe cost and effectiveness of RRLs and SURLs is influenced by the healthcare setting, procedure volume, and duration of device use. The adoption of SURLs can improve safety, streamline processes, and potentially reduce the risk of disease transmission.

Exploring the Use of Machine Translation in English-Medium Higher Education Contexts: Perspectives from Omani EFL Students

There has been a significant increase in the use of machine translation by university students as part of their coping strategies for their English-medium study. This practice has been a subject of debate among educators. Some argue that advancements in technology have made machine translation a valuable learning tool, while others remain skeptical, questioning its pedagogical benefits. This study is an attempt to explore Omani EFL students’ perceptions and attitudes regarding the use of machine translation as a coping strategy in their English-medium content learning activities. A qualitative research design, employing an open-ended survey and semi-structured interviews, was used in the study. Thirty-five students enrolled on different English-medium majors at a public Omani university voluntarily participated in the investigation. The data was analysed thematically and inductively. Results showed that all participants reported using machine translation for various learning activities, including looking up the meanings of discipline-specific terminology and translating individual sentences and longer texts from English to Arabic and vice versa. Some participants noted that machine translation tools tend to perform better when translating from Arabic to English compared to translating from English to Arabic. However, participants also highlighted several challenges related to the use of machine translation as a coping learning strategy. The implications for translation pedagogy and research are discussed.

Impacts of Gender Disparity and Socio-Educational Structure on Legal Awareness of Women Inmates: A Case Study of Prisons in Sindh, Pakistan

The study is an endeavor to undertake an in-depth analysis of the prevailing injustices faced by women inmates incarcerated in one of the merged prisons(merger of 2 districts)of Sindh Province Pakistan. It aims to explore how social norms, education system, and gender discrimination, collectively influence the women inmates' legal awareness and struggles for availing their legal rights and equitable treatment. By employing a mixed-method research design, including in-depth interviews with women inmates, questionnaires, and an interview guide with open-ended questions, the study uncovered the multifaceted barriers they encounter. The study also advocates fostering a more inclusive and gender-responsive criminal justice system and concludes that the intersectional nature of these challenges impacts legal awareness of women inmates and also has some significant implications for stakeholders and reformists in the context of entertaining the female inmates without gender discrimination as ensuring Article-4 of the 1973 constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

Benefits from Kipsigis Women Engaging in Socio-Economic Activities in Kericho and Bomet Counties, Kenya

Purpose: To investigate the impact of Kipsigis women group economic activities and how the public perceive this new undertaking in Kericho and Bomet Counties in Kenya. Methodology: The study used a qualitative research design, where different components of the study addressed the research problem. Probability sampling technique was used to select the participants in the study. The methods used to interrogate the participants included: focus group discussions, observation and face to face interviews. Each participant responded to the questions individually, as posed in the interview guide. This was later collected by the researcher for perusal and recording of the result that was compiled along with those from other methods. Along with the focus groups discussions, the researcher selected topics related to the topic of the study for discussion in the groups. The questions used in the different methods were posed to the participants who had been purposively selected to represent the rest of the population. This was done with the view of collecting the data that was later analyzed using tools such as NVivo or done manually. This study manually analyzed the data collected from the participants through the afore-mentioned research techniques for collecting the data. Findings: The findings showed that there was recognition of women’s contribution in society. The results from Bomet County indicated that 52% have embraced and supported women’s group activities, 24% see such group activities as making the women responsible and hardworking while another 24% feel that the women are not well supported in their group economic activities. In Kericho County, the results indicated that 54% felt that women’s contribution would improve living standards and another 46% felt that the group ability would significantly improve. The study also sought to find out the effect of women engaging in socio-economic activities on the home and family. The results from women in Kericho County show that 96% indicated that there was a positive effect on family and society as stated in the research outcome, 4% said there was no effect. The results from Bomet County showed that 98% of participants agreed that the women involvement in economic activities had a positive effect on family and society. Two percent were of the feeling that there was no effect on the home and family. Bomet had a percentage of respondents who indicated that women have not contributed much through their involvement in economic activities. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Critical Social Theory helps in understanding social functioning and behavior among gender groups in the society, where men and women roles among the Kipsigis is very distinct. Women assigned roles are undertaken by women and girls as their responsibilities lies in the kitchen and around the home. This is where the small children and the elderly are, and the women and the older girls are expected to undertake those roles without question.

Feminist Perspective of Community Development Practices in Nepal

Feminist perspective of community development encompasses the gender sensitive development practices to ensure the equitable share of benefits and progress to all community members regardless of gender disparity. This research paper aims to examine the current status of gender inequality and the application of feminist principles into community development initiatives in Nepal as a pathway for achieving gender equality. This paper has prepared in a descriptive research design which is based on the secondary information collected from different scholarly published sources such as journal article, edited books, publication of government and other organization along with online database through official websites of respective organizations, Google scholar, NepJOL and so on. The findings reveal that incorporating feminist principles in community development practices can result in positive outcomes such as increased participation of women and leadership in decision-making processes and improved access to resources and services. It concludes that incorporating feminist principles into community development initiatives can play pivotal role in achieving gender equality, reduced gender-based violence and promoting inclusive and sustainable development in Nepal. Therefore, the study suggests that it is essential to implement targeted capacity-building programs to empower women with essential skills and knowledge, ensuring their active participation and leadership in community development initiatives to promote gender equality and inclusive progress in Nepal.

An Appraisal of Teachers’ Professional Development in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja-Nigeria

This study assessed the professional development (PD) of primary and secondary school teachers in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria. A mixed-method research design was adopted, where questionnaires and oral interviews were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. A sample of 109 teachers from four purposively selected schools was used in the study. The findings revealed that a significant proportion of teachers (about 86%) have accessed PD; and about half,48.6%, of the teachers have benefited from government-sponsored professional development programmes between 2020- 2022. The appraisal of teachers’ work is not regular. While the perceptions of the impacts of PD were mixed, most of the teachers rated it as good and excellent. Factors inhibiting effective PD are diverse, the most important ones being inadequate funding, poorly organised PD and non-personalised PD for teachers’ needs and interests. It is rec commended that more funding should be channelled to PD; more personalised PD opportunities with input from teachers should be provided; as well as regular appraisals and the provision of feedback on teachers’ work.

Cybersecurity on the Move: Investigating the Efficacy of a Movable Escape Room as an Educational Tool for Healthcare Employees

This research investigates the effectiveness of a cybersecurity escape room as an educational intervention to increase awareness of cybersecurity risks towards a safer work environment. The escape room aims to educate participants and cybersecurity and to make them more resilient against various cyberthreats. Method: To validate the effectiveness, a pre-test-post-test design with 96 participants was conducted, 42 also completing a delayed post-test and 29 participants served as a control group. All participants were healthcare professionals. Using the HAIS-Q, six themes were investigated (namely email usage, passwords, ransomware, social engineering, incident reporting, and software updates) using the three constructs from the Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviour model. Results: The escape room had an overall immediate positive effect on participants (t(95) = -6.259, p < 0.001), and this effect persisted after 1 month (t(25) = -2.946, p = .006). Zooming in on individual themes, the immediate scores improved for email usage, passwords, social engineering and software updates, whereas the delayed scores improved specifically for email usage and passwords. Conclusion: The results show that the cybersecurity escape room may be a promising way to enable employees to resist cybersecurity threats. Nonetheless, the results need to be interpreted with caution. The research design experienced some dropout, meaning that results could differ with increased participation. Furthermore, it is not entirely evident which aspects of the escape room caused the observed effect; this is subject to future research.

Mystery Box Game: A Game-Based Learning to Improve the Academic Achievement of Grade 10 Learners in Probability

This action research investigated the effectiveness of integrating the Mystery Box game to improve the academic achievement of grade 10 learners in Probability at a public school in Ozamiz City. The study, conducted in the 2024 school year, employed a classroom-based action research design with 41 purposively sampled participants. Pre and posttests assessed probability understanding, while a comprehensive lesson plan and a questionnaire gathered information on improvements after a game intervention. Statistical analysis included frequency, Percentage, mean, standard deviation, T-test, and thematic analysis. The findings revealed that integrating the Mystery Box game significantly increased learners' academic achievement in Probability. In conclusion, the post-intervention outcomes decisively confirmed the game's effectiveness in enhancing probability learning, fostering a love for learning, and promoting academic performance and social connections. The research recommended consistently integrating game-based learning in Probability, teacher training in gamification, monitoring and feedback on student progress, and applying the Mystery Box Game to enhance engagement and comprehension across multiple subjects.

Research Attitude, Achievement Motivation, and Self-Efficacy Among Post-Graduate Students Specializing in Primary Education

This study investigates the research attitude, achievement motivation, and self-efficacy concepts among post-graduate students specializing in primary education. The research aims to understand the interplay between these constructs and their implications for academic success and research engagement. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected using structured questionnaires from a sample of 62 post-graduate students. Descriptive statistics, and correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between research attitude, achievement motivation, and self-efficacy. Statistical analyses showed non-significant correlations: between research attitude and achievement motivation (Kendall's tau_b = -.048, p = .881; Spearman's rho = -.036, p = .939), achievement motivation and self-efficacy (Kendall's tau_b = -.109, p = .708; Spearman's rho = -.204, p = .629), and research attitude and self-efficacy (Kendall's tau_b = .293, p = .362; Spearman's rho = .360, p = .427) among post-graduate students. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors influencing post-graduate students' research experiences and offer insights for academic institutions to enhance support mechanisms for student researchers. The implications of the study underscore the importance of fostering positive research attitudes, strengthening achievement motivation, and enhancing self-efficacy among post-graduate students specializing in primary education. Targeted interventions can optimize academic support and promote professional development in research-intensive environments

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar PAKBP pada Materi Manusia Berkembang Berkat Peran Sesama Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning di Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of seventh-grade students on the material "Human Development Through the Roles of Others" using the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model at SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis. This research employed a Classroom Action Research design conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 7 students from the seventh-grade class at SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis. Data collection techniques were carried out through tests (formative tests) and non-tests (observations). The results of the study in cycle I showed an average score of 68.14 and a classical learning completeness percentage of 72.42%. In cycle II, the average score increased to 84.85. The average student attendance in cycle I was 100% and remained 100% in cycle II. Student involvement in learning in cycle I was 66.28% (high) and increased to 76.50% (very high) in cycle II. It can be concluded that the PBL model can improve the learning outcomes and activities of students on the material "Human Development Through the Roles of Others" in the seventh-grade class at SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis.

Role of Blockchain Technology in Enhancing Data Security in Germany

Purpose: To aim of the study was to analyze the role of blockchain technology in enhancing data security. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Blockchain technology is increasingly recognized in Germany for its potential to enhance data security across various sectors. Its decentralized and immutable nature significantly reduces the risks of data tampering and unauthorized access, thereby fostering trust among users. In industries such as finance, healthcare, and supply chain management, blockchain provides transparent and secure methods for recording transactions and managing sensitive information. Additionally, German regulatory frameworks are evolving to accommodate blockchain applications, promoting innovation while ensuring compliance with data protection laws like the GDPR. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Technological acceptance model (TAM), diffusion of innovations (DOI) & resource-based View (RBV) may be used to anchor future studies on the role of blockchain technology in enhancing data security. Organizations should implement pilot projects to assess the effectiveness of blockchain in enhancing data security in their specific contexts. Policymakers should develop clear regulatory frameworks to support the adoption of blockchain technology across sectors.