Experimental Design Method Research Articles

Differences in the Effectiveness of Giving Snakehead Fish (Canna Striata) and Catfish (Clariidae) in Healing Prineum Wounds in Postpartum Mothers in the Working Area of ​​the Majalaya Health Center

ABSTRACT Perineal tears are a good medium for germs to breed if they don't get proper care. This is also one of the causes of the variation in healing time for perineal wounds. Long wound healing time and inappropriate care techniques can result in postpartum infections. Non-pharmacological therapy that can be given to speed up healing includes the intervention of snakehead fish and catfish therapy. To determine the difference in the effectiveness of providing snakehead fish and catfish therapy in healing perineal wounds in postpartum mothers in the working area of the Majalaya health center. This research is a type of quantitative research. In this research, the Quasy Experiment design method was used with a Pretest and Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group research design. The population in this study was the target postpartum mothers with perineal rupture wounds in the working area of the Majalaya health center who gave birth at the end of June 2024, totaling 30 postpartum mothers. The research sampling technique used total sampling. The samples in this study were postpartum mothers who were in the working area of the Majalaya health center who gave birth with a history of 1st and 2nd degree perineal lacerations in June 2024, 15 postpartum mothers who received snakehead fish therapy intervention and 15 postpartum mothers who received catfish therapy intervention. 15 postpartum mothers. The results of the different tests were carried out using the independent T test on the post-test data for the Snakehead Fish Intervention and Catfish Intervention groups with a p-value = 0.000, which means <0.05. So it can be concluded that there are differences regarding the effect of providing snakehead fish and catfish intervention therapy on the level of healing of perineal wounds in postpartum mothers in the working area of the Majalaya Health Center. There is a significant difference between giving snakehead fish therapy and catfish therapy in healing perineal wounds. Snakehead fish therapy is more effective in healing perineal wounds in postpartum mothers compared to giving catfish therapy (p value 0.00 < 0.05). Keywords: Snakehead Fish Therapy, Catfish Therapy, Perineal Wounds, Postpartum Mothers

Colorimetric and Textile Properties of Huacaya Alpaca Fibers Dyed With Cochineal: A Sustainable Approach

Objective: To investigate the colorimetric and textile properties of Huacaya alpaca fibers dyed with cochineal, promoting a sustainable approach in the textile industry through the use of natural resources and traditional methods, improving product quality and minimizing environmental impact. Theoretical Framework: The main concepts and theories that support the research on the colorimetric and textile properties of Huacaya alpaca fibers dyed with cochineal dye are presented, focusing on sustainability. Method: The methodology included a randomized experimental design with a factorial arrangement to evaluate the impact of different mordants and concentrations of cochineal dye on the colorimetric and textile properties of alpaca fiber, with data collection through experimental methods. Results and Discussion: The results showed significant differences in colorimetry parameters, textile characteristics, and chemical bands, depending on the type of mordant and dye concentration used. Wash fastness was notably high in the MAL-2 and MCOL-2 samples, indicating the effectiveness of sustainable practices. However, the study's limitations might be related to the experimental design, sample selection, and analysis method employed. Research Implications: The results promote the use of natural dyes in textile production, encouraging sustainable practices, reducing harmful chemicals, and conserving biological resources, which influences conservation policies and supports fair trade and local products. Originality/Value: This study applies innovative methodologies to evaluate Huacaya alpaca fibers dyed with cochineal, promoting sustainability, the use of natural dyes, conservation of biological resources, fair trade, and sustainable management policies.

Review of Cold‐Formed Steel Z‐Section Beams: Design Approaches and Performance Analysis

ABSTRACTThe review of cold‐formed steel (CFS) Z‐section beams focuses on various design approaches, including analytical, numerical, and experimental methods. It also analyzes their performance under different loading conditions, highlighting their efficiency in structural applications. CFS Z‐section beams are widely used in construction for their high strength‐to‐weight ratio. The analysis covers the structural properties, applications, and advancements in both lipped and unlipped Z‐sections, focusing on recent research findings. The review highlights the importance of optimizing design techniques to improve the accuracy of predictions related to web crippling capacity, bending, and torsional strength. Theoretical and experimental investigations, including FEA, are discussed to assess the reliability of existing design codes like the direct strength method (DSM). The study reveals that while DSM offers a solid foundation, it requires further refinement to address limitations, particularly in high‐strength steel applications. Overall, this review emphasizes how crucial it is to carry out more research on the behavior and functionality of CFS Z‐section beams to guarantee their safe and efficient usage in building applications. Consequently, the findings from this review are analyzed alongside existing methodologies, showcasing areas where the proposed approaches can improve performance and enhance predictive accuracy in design and application.

<b><i>The effect of applying Six Sigma methodology in improving quality and reducing internal failure costs: a case study</i></b>

The use of the hexagonal diffraction methodology helps in improving processes by using effective analytical and statistical tools and methods. This research sought to apply the hexagonal diffraction methodology to improve the quality characteristics of the yoghurt production process and reduce the costs of internal failure in the Rafidain Factory / Dairy Department. For the purpose of applying the hexagonal diffraction methodology, the following stages were carried out: Definition: The critical quality characteristics of the yoghurt production process were described and the acidity characteristic was selected. Measurement: Five potential factors affecting the acidity of yoghurt have been identified. Analysis: The experimental design method was used to discover the important factors that affect the acidity values ​​of yoghurt. Optimization: The optimal process parameter settings were determined by using the preference function method. Control: The settings of the optimal process factors are attached to the checklist for verification operations within the audits. The results of the research showed that skim milk powder and incubation time were significant factors on the acidity values ​​of yoghurt, and the optimal settings for these factors were 11,1287 g/100 g for skim milk powder and 2,5538 hours for incubation time.

Analysis and optimization of threaded shear energy absorbing components of collision resistance hydraulic support columns

Conventional energy-absorbing components have limitations in terms of performance and functionality, including significant variability in reaction forces, inherent instability, and inadequate energy absorption capabilities. This paper presents a threaded shear-type energy-absorbing component designed for anti-impact hydraulic support columns, specifically for ZQL advancing support roadway hydraulic supports. The component operates based on the principle of threaded shear energy absorption. Its key structural parameters—such as thread shape, outer diameter, and pitch—are optimized using single-factor and response surface experimental design methods. Shear simulations are performed to analyze the deformation and force-displacement characteristics across various structural configurations. The impact of different thread parameters on energy absorption performance is evaluated, with quasistatic shear tests and simulations validating the results. The optimized design enhances energy absorption efficiency and provides a foundation for future research on integrating these components into hydraulic support systems to improve overall performance.

Scalable Method for Bayesian Experimental Design without Integrating over Posterior Distribution

Scalable Method for Bayesian Experimental Design without Integrating over Posterior Distribution

The Optimization of the Rear Guide Vane of a Bulb Tubular Pump Based on Orthogonal Tests

Bulb tubular pumps have been widely used in hydraulic engineering because of their compact structure, easy maintenance, high adaptability, and other characteristics. In this paper, the performance optimization of the bulb tubular pump in the South-to-North water diversion project is studied, as well as the influence of the design of the rear guide vane structure on the hydraulic efficiency of the pump. This study takes a certain type of bulb tubular pump as its research object, optimizing the rear guide vane. Firstly, the accuracy of the numerical simulation method is verified using grid convergence analysis and model experimentation. The orthogonal experimental design method is used to optimize the design, and the range analysis results show that the blade wrap angle has the most significant influence on the hydraulic efficiency and head. Finally, the optimization results under a 0° impeller setting angle were verified by numerical analysis, and the hydraulic efficiency of the optimized pump was increased by 0.7%, 0.88%, and 1.1% under low flow, design flow, and high flow, respectively. By introducing entropy generation theory for inflow analysis, the reduction in energy loss in the pump is proven, thus verifying the effectiveness of the optimization. Through the optimization, the separation fluid phenomenon on the guide vane surface is improved, the vortex scale is reduced, and the flow field in the pump is improved to a certain extent.

TIG welding process on IS 2062A steel of 5 mm plate, utilizing a 2.5 mm diameter tungsten solid wire as electrode along with direct current straight polarity and argon inert gas was employed for shielding purpose

The quality as well as efficient welding is crucial to fulfil the consumer satisfaction and getting returns from production, which is mostly depends on weld bead properties for any welding process, which is influence by the selected welding method and its process variables. So, the significant efforts are to choose the appropriate welding process in addition the process parameters as well as their level. In an atmosphere of welding different technique have been developed in last few decades, the demand of Gas Tungsten arc welding (GTAW) or Tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) has been increasing day by day owing to it has potential to fabricate multiple metallic materials (similar/dissimilar), quality joint, smooth modification for industrialization, higher efficiency, and low capital cost. However, published literature regarding research on TIG welding of IS 2062A steel is notably scarce. Detailed discussions on the optimization techniques exploring the impact of process parameters such as welding current, traversing speed, and gas flow rate on both weld quality and bead geometry in TIG welding of mild steel are conspicuously absent in prior works. So it is very crucial for quality joint to applied process optimization on TIG Welding parameters. The study focused on tungsten inert gas welding process on 5 mm thick plate of IS 2062A steel, utilizing a 2.5 mm diameter tungsten solid wire as electrode along with direct current straight polarity and argon inert gas was employed for shielding purpose. To streamline experimentation, a multi-response optimization technique was employed, using Taguchi's L16 experimental design method. Among several welding parameters, the significant parameters like current (I), traversing speed (S), and gas flow rate (Gf) were considered, others parameters were kept constant. The study measured various aspects of bead properties, including penetration, bead width, and depth of HAZ, along with HAZ hardness. The optimized parameter settings, derived from the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, has been validated as improved the weldment properties along with possess highest grey relation grade, which highlighting the effectiveness of the Grey-based Taguchi method in enhancing joints properties as product quality together with efficiency in manufacturing. Quantitative assessment via the analysis of variance method was conducted to determine the relative significance of each variable on the overall output characteristics of the weldment.

Investigation of Factors Influencing Solenoid Valve Speed Response Characteristics of the Common Rail Injector

The dynamic injection characteristics of high-pressure common rail fuel injection systems are determined by the speed response performance of the solenoid valve. A simulation model has been established for investigating the influence mechanism and change law of characteristic parameters on speed response characteristics of the solenoid valve. The speed response characteristics of the solenoid valve, including the average opening speed, the average closing speed, the maximum opening speed, and the maximum closing speed, caused by the changes of characteristic parameters such as pre-tightening force of the solenoid valve spring, mass of the solenoid valve moving parts, diameter of the outflow orifice, diameter of the inflow orifice, diameter of the control piston, and pressure in the common rail, have been studied. The correlation analysis of the influence factors is carried out by using the experimental design method based on the response surface model, and the correlation coefficients between each factor and the speed response characteristics of the solenoid valve are obtained. The results show that both single factors and interaction factors of the parameters are correlated with the speed response characteristics of the solenoid valve. The results of this paper can provide a theoretical reference for the design and optimization of the high-pressure common rail injector.

Experimental-design-based optimization of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–negative-ion chemical ionization–mass spectrometry for the determination of pyrethroids in agricultural products and drinks

Pyrethroids are synthetic chemicals that account for 16% of the international insecticide market and have been shown to be of varying toxicity to different species. There are various methods available for detecting pyrethroids in agricultural products, but these products must be pre-treated to remove interference from the food matrix, such as through dispersion liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). This study employed two experimental design methods to optimize the continuous and discontinuous experimental parameters of DLLME and investigated whether DLLME combined with GC-NICI-MS is effective for detecting pyrethroids in agricultural products. The Taguchi design with an L9(34) orthogonal array and response surface methodology were employed to optimize the discontinuous and continuous parameters of the DLLME process, respectively. To validate the performance of GC-NICI-MS after optimized DLLME, pyrethroids in mixed standard solutions at levels ranging from 0.02 to 50.00 µg/L were measured, and the resultant calibration curves were fitted. Adequate linearity was found for the six investigated pyrethroids (r = 0.9908–0.9960). The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.005 to 0.035 µg/L and 0.02 to 0.1 µg/L, respectively. The proposed approach simplifies the optimization of parameters compared to reported methods and achieves considerably lower limits of detection. The concept of mixed application based on the dual experimental design method can be applied to other regulated compounds to enhance the safety of agricultural products. The feasibility of the method was confirmed by successfully detecting pyrethroids in 13 types of teas, fruit, and vegetables.

Simulation and Test of Key Decorticating Components of Spiral Ramie Decorticator

Ramie is a valuable natural fiber resource. The fabric made of ramie fiber has distinctive natural characteristics, and its products are widely favored in the international market. Because the cellulose fiber in ramie is closely adhered by a viscous material composed of pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin, mechanical stripping and processing is needed to obtain primary ramie fiber for downstream use. To address the production challenges posed by high labor intensity and the scarcity of small, direct-feeding ramie decorticators in hilly and mountainous regions, this study designed and optimized a spiral ramie decortication component that integrated functions of ramie stalk crushing, xylem removal, outer shell scraping, and phloem separating and throwing. The three-dimensional model of the ramie stripping component was crafted with SolidWorks software, and subsequent modal analysis and dynamic simulation studies were conducted using Abaqus software. The Box–Behnken experimental design method was used to construct a mathematical model describing the effects of the decorticating drum rotation speed and the decorticating gap on the fiber percentage of fresh stalk, and the optimal operating parameters were determined accordingly. The research findings indicated that the component’s initial ten natural frequencies span from 234.41 to 431.70 Hz, which do not overlap with the external excitation frequencies, thus ensuring that no resonance phenomenon occurs during the operation process, meeting the design requirements for the ramie decortication operation. Under dynamic load conditions, the ramie decorticator can efficiently perform the task of ramie fiber decortication, and the stress and strain experienced by the device meet the established design specifications; by optimizing operating parameters, the optimal operating conditions were determined to be the speed of feeding and crushing parts (SFCP) of 100 r/min, the speed of separating and throwing parts (SSTP) of 400 r/min, the gap of feeding and crushing parts (GFCP) of 8 mm, and the gap of separating and throwing parts (GSTP) of 0 mm. Experimental results indicated that under this optimal parameter combination, the fiber percentage of fresh stalk of the spiral ramie decorticator can reach 5.03%, with a relative error of less than 3% compared to the theoretical model prediction value, thus confirming the accuracy of the model prediction. This study establishes a robust technical basis for the development of a convenient decortication technology for ramie fibers. However, this technique is more suitable for small growers, especially in hilly areas, to achieve large-scale applications, schemes must be reevaluated based on production efficiency.

Experimental study and design method of interactive buckling of 6063-T5 aluminum alloy square tube under axial and eccentric compression

Experimental study and design method of interactive buckling of 6063-T5 aluminum alloy square tube under axial and eccentric compression

DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SORGHUM CUTTING TABLES BASED ON A PUSH AND DIVISION INTEGRATED OUTER DIVIDER

ABSTRACT At present, there are serious problems in sorghum harvesting, such as lodging entanglement and the loss of broken stems due to the lack of an external dividing device for the cutting table and holding device. Based on the physical and mechanical characteristics of sorghum plants, an integrated outer divider was developed. The main structural parameters and working parameters of the outer divider were determined. A comparative test of the working quality of the outer divider was carried out. The results show that the working quality of the cutting table with the outer divider is obviously better than that without the outer divider and that the harvest loss of the cutting table is effectively reduced. The Box–Behnken experimental design method was used to investigate the effects of the forward speed, rotation speed of the grain lifter and dividing angle of the outer divider on the lodging and broken stem loss rates during sorghum harvesting. The regression mathematical model and response surface of the lodging and broken stem loss rates and the analysis factors were established, and the optimal working parameters of the outer divider were determined as follows: the dividing angle of the outer divider was 20°, the forward speed was 0.8 m/s, and the rotating speed of the grain lifter was 330 rpm. Under these parameters, the loss rate of the fall was 1.08%, and the loss rate of broken stems was 1.05%, which met the requirements of sorghum cutting tables

Synthesis, characterization, experimental design and process analysis of heavy metals adsorption on a wheat straw based amidoximated bioadsorbent

In this research, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPS) silane agent was applied to modify the extracted wheat straw (WS) cellulose as a natural biopolymer. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was attached to the MPS-modified WS (MPS-WS) via in-situ polymerization to form PAN-WS biocomposite. AO-WS amidoximated biocomposite adsorbent was synthesized through amidoxime reaction and the effects of different parameters including agitation speed, metal ion concentration, and adsorbent dosage on its efficiency of Pb(II) removal were investigated using the Taguchi experimental design method. The adsorbent was characterized using FE-SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. The FTIR results confirmed that the alkaline treatment removed the hemicellulose and lignin groups and that the silane agent successfully bonded to the WS cellulose. The thermal stability of WS was enhanced by the MPS-WS composite due to the attachment of acrylonitrile polymer chains. The ANOVA results indicated that increasing the adsorbent dosage and decreasing the pollutant’s initial concentration significantly improved the adsorption efficiency. The optimal conditions (an agitation speed = 400 rpm, C0 = 60 mg/L, an adsorbent amount = 0.1 g) yielded maximum adsorption capacity of 22.26 mg/g for the AO-WS bioadsorbent. The kinetic and isotherm studies revealed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm fit the experimental data best.

Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Surface Roughness in BTA Deep Hole Drilling with Vibration Assisted.

The surface roughness of hole machining greatly influences the mechanical properties of parts, such as early fatigue failure and corrosion resistance. The boring and trepanning association (BTA) deep hole drilling with axial vibration assistance is a compound machining process of the tool cutting and the guide block extrusion. At the same time, the surface of the hole wall is also ironed by the axial large amplitude and low-frequency vibration of the guide block. The surface-forming mechanism is very complicated, making it difficult to obtain an effective theoretical analytical model of the surface roughness of the hole wall through kinematic analysis. In order to achieve accurate prediction of the surface quality of the hole wall, the chip-breaking mechanism and the hole wall formation mode of BTA deep hole vibration drilling were analyzed. The influence of drilling spindle speed, feed, amplitude, and vibration frequency on the surface roughness of the hole wall during BTA deep hole vibration drilling was illustrated by a single-factor experiment. A four-factor and three-level test scheme was designed by using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) experimental design method. A surface roughness prediction model for hole wall machining was established based on the response surface methodology. The accuracy of the prediction model was analyzed through ANOVA, and the complex correlation coefficient of the model was 0.9948, indicating that the prediction model can better reflect the mapping relationship between vibration drilling parameters and surface roughness. After optimization analysis and experimental verification, the obtained vibration drilling parameters can achieve smaller surface roughness. The error between the predicted value of the model and the experimental measurement value is 8.65%. The established prediction model is reliable and can accurately predict the surface roughness of the hole wall of BTA deep hole axial vibration drilling, providing a theoretical basis for the surface quality control of the machining hole wall. It can be applied to process optimization in practical production.

Effect of rPET Content and Preform Heating/Cooling Conditions in the Stretch Blow Molding Process on Microcavitation and Solid-State Post-Condensation of vPET-rPET Blend: Part II—Statistical Analysis and Interpretation of Tests

This research explores how varying proportions of virgin polyethylene terephthalate (vPET) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) in vPET-rPET blends, combined with preform thermal conditions during the stretch blow molding (SBM) process, influence PET bottles’ microscopic characteristics. Key metrics such as viscosity, density, crystallinity, amorphous phase relaxation, and microcavitation were assessed using response surface methodology (RSM). Statistical analysis, including Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and its power, supported the interpretation of results. The first part of the work details the experimental design and statistical methods. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and amorphous phase density analysis revealed reduced free volume size, a substantial increase in free volume quantity, and a transformation toward ellipsoidal geometries, highlighting significant structural changes in the material. At the same time, the intrinsic viscosity (IV) and PALS studies indicate that the solid-state post-condensation effect (SSPC) is linked with microcavitation through post-condensation product diffusion. The conclusions, which resulted from the microstructure analysis, affected the material’s mechanical strength and were validated by pressure resistance tests of the bottles.

A springback minimization study using the experimental design methods for 15-5 PH stainless steel material in the hydroforming process

Purpose This study aims to examine the springback behavior of 15-5 PH stainless steel, which is widely used in the aviation industry. Design/methodology/approach The shaping sheet metal with a diaphragm is a widely used shaping method in aviation. In this process, the sheet metal is attached to the mold, placed in the form machine and pressure is applied. The diaphragm, which swells under the influence of gas, transmits pressure to the sheet metal surface and allows the mold to take its shape. One of the behaviors that occurs in the part after processing is springback. The mold design is shaped according to this springing amount. Some prominent parameters in the amount of springback are bending radius, bending angle, material thickness and material type. Material thickness is taken as 0.813, 1.27, 1.6 and 2 mm for experimental studies. This study compares the general full factorial design with the 2k factorial design. Then, the authors get analysis of variance (ANOVA) tables for the experiments and finite element analysis results, respectively. Findings At the end of the study, a mathematical expression was obtained that gives the springback rate with an accuracy of over 90%, depending on the process parameters, in 15-5 PH material. In addition, the main effects of the working parameters on the springback behavior were revealed by ANOVA method. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is a new application that provides robust results to the springback minimization for the sheet metal bending process.

Calibration of Discrete Element Simulation Parameters and Model Construction for the Interaction Between Coastal Saline Alkali Soil and Soil-Engaging Components

There are approximately 36.7 million hectares of saline alkali land available in China. To enhance the comprehensive utilization value of coastal saline alkali land and boost crop yields in such areas, it is essential to conduct research on optimizing the operational performance of high-performance soil contact components in light of the soil characteristics of coastal saline alkali land. Discrete element simulation can be employed to investigate the operational mechanisms of various key components. Nevertheless, at present, there is a dearth of discrete element models for the key physical parameters and soil structure of coastal saline alkali land soil. In this article, typical coastal saline alkali field soil was sampled, and the physical properties of the saline alkali soil, including salt content, moisture content, particle size distribution, and particle size, as well as intrinsic parameters such as soil compaction, density, Poisson’s ratio, and shear modulus, were measured. The Hertz Mindlin with Bonding contact model was employed. Physical experiments on soil accumulation angles at different depths were carried out using the cylindrical lifting method. Subsequently, by means of the discrete element method and the BBD experimental design method, a response surface model was established, and an optimization analysis was performed on the optimal parameters for the soil–soil collision recovery coefficient, static friction coefficient, and dynamic friction coefficient at each depth. Test benches for measuring the collision recovery coefficient, static friction coefficient, and rolling friction coefficient of saline alkali soil at -65Mn were set up, calculation formulas for each parameter were derived, and the contact parameters between soil at different depths and 65Mn were obtained. The results of the sliding friction angle test on different depths of saline alkali soil at -65Mn were further verified using the discrete element method, with a maximum error of 3.11%, which falls within the allowable range. This suggests that the calibration results of the discrete element simulation parameters for the interaction between soil and contact components are reliable, providing data and model support for future research on enhancing the operational performance of high-performance contact components.

PENGARUH TERAPI KOMBINASI INHALASI AROMATERAPI LAVENDER DAN MUSIK TERHADAP KECEMASAN PASIEN HEMODIALISA

Chronic Renal Failure is a state of progressive reduction in kidney function which is signalled by a decrease in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for ≥ 3 months. Haemodialysis aims to remove metabolic waste carried out for 3-5 hours with a frequency of 2-4 times a week which is lifelong, this causes anxiety. This study aims to see the effect of combined music inhalation therapy and lavender aromatherapy on the anxiety of chronic renal failure patients who do haemodialysis. This type of research is quantitative research using the Quasi experimental non-equivalent control design method. The population of this study were chronic renal failure patients who performed haemodialysis at the Hemodialysis Unit of Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Hospital. The sample of 86 respondents was divided into 43 respondents of the intervention group and 43 respondents of the control group with non-probability purposive sampling technique based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research instrument used was the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). The results of the study obtained a p-value of 0.000 (p-value <0.05) using the Mann Whitney U Test which shows that there is a Significant Effect of Lavender Aromatherapy and Music Inhalation Combination Therapy on Anxiety of Chronic Kidney Failure Patients Carrying out Hemodialysis at Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Lampung Hospital in 2024. It is hoped that this therapy can be applied independently either in the haemodialysis unit or at home to reduce anxiety.

Interfacial modulation of hierarchically porous UIO-66 for the immobilization of Rhizomucor miehei lipase towards the efficient synthesis of 1,3-dioleic acid glycerol.

Herein, UiO-66 was selected as the immobilization carrier of Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML). After etching and hydrophobic modification, the functionalized UIO-66 (H-UIO-66-OPA) was utilized for RML immobilization and the obtained RML@H-UIO-66-OPA showed about 70 % relative activity after incubation at 60 °C, which was much better than RML (20 %). RML@H-UIO-66-OPA was used in the synthesis of 1,3-dioleic acid glycerol (1,3-DAG) and the effects of reaction conditions (temperature, enzyme addition, substrate molar ratio, and time) on 1,3-DAG yield were investigated. Under the optimal conditions (temperature of 65 °C, enzyme addition of 2 wt%, substrate molar ratio of 2:1, and reaction time of 4 h), 1,3-DAG yield reached 77 %. Finally, Box-Behnken experimental design method was utilized to optimize the process parameters for the preparation of 1,3-DAG, and the final 1,3-DAG content was 79.80 %, which demonstrated that the model could predict the relationship between the factors and be suitable for the process optimization in 1,3-DAG preparation.