Design Concept Research Articles

An analysis of the development path of ethnic villages under the protection of traditional Jiarong culture

Most of the villages in the north-west ethnic areas of Sichuan are located within a culturally rich zone. However, during the process of village modernization, the protection and inheritance of traditional culture are often overlooked. This study has investigated the construction techniques and spatial components of traditional villages in Lixian, Sichuan Province, from the perspective of cultural inheritance. It analyzes and synthesizes representative design language and proposes a design concept that combines spatial perspective and cultural inheritance to conduct research on design paths aimed at strengthening functional positioning, optimizing spatial layout, improving village style, and improving infrastructure. The objective is to establish a research path to maintain the village-style during post-disaster process reconstruction and village development, thus protecting the unique local architectural culture and achieving comprehensive village development. In addition, we explored issues such as the lack of architectural style and the lagging development of human settlements, aiming to promote rural revitalization and integrated urban-rural development in this area.

A Two-Port Dual-Band Dual-Circularly-Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna

This paper presents the design of a two-port dual-band dual-circularly-polarized dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). The proposed DRA is formed by stacking two dielectric resonators (DRs) of different shapes, including a hexagonal DR on top and a cross-shaped DR on the bottom. It is designed to resonate at two near-degenerate orthogonal modes of TE111 and TE113, and an aperture-coupled feeding through a cross-like slot is used to achieve dual-band impedance matching simultaneously for right- and left-handed circular polarizations. Tests were conducted on a prototype working in C-band to verify the design concept. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed DRA has exceptional performance with measured −10 dB reflection bandwidths of 24.4% and 17.4%, 3 dB axial ratio bandwidths of 21.2% and 16.3%, and maximum gains of 5.64 and 8.13 dBic for the lower and upper bands, respectively. Moreover, the measured channel isolation is more than 15.8 dB. The results obtained from the experiments show good agreement with the simulation, and hence, it can be concluded that the proposed DRA is a promising solution that can be used for various wireless communication applications.

Statistical analysis of observational studies in disability research.

Observational studies have a critical role in disability research, providing the opportunity to address a range of research questions. Over the past decades, there have been substantial shifts and developments in statistical methods for observational studies, most notably for causal inference. In this review, we provide an overview of modern design and analysis concepts critical for observational studies, drawing examples from the field of disability research and highlighting the challenges in this field, to inform the readership on important statistical considerations for their studies.

A newly developed 10 kA-level HTS conductor: innovative tenon-mortise-based modularized conductor (TMMC) based on China ancient architecture

We proposed a new type of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) conductor concept: modularized conductors (MCs) connected by Chinese traditional tenon-mortise (TM) connection structure, referred as TMMC (tenon-mortise modularized conductor). The conductor consisted of multiple concentric round sub-conductors with slots for stacking rare-earth-barium-copper-oxide (REBCO) tapes. Innovatively, the REBCO stacks in the adjacent sub-conductors were arranged with the fully-misaligned configuration to enhance the critical current’s isotropy with respect to magnetic field and reduce ac loss. For example, the angle between the adjacent stacks in the two adjacent sub-conductors was 45° if each sub-conductor contains 4 REBCO stacks. In order to construct the fully-misaligned configuration, the sub-conductors were designed with two open half-circular formers and connected by TM structure which makes the conductor modularized and simply to assembly and disassembly. Based on the design concept, a prototype conductor containing 160 REBCO tapes distributed in the four concentric sub-conductors was fabricated. The conductor’s measured critical current was 13.69 kA at 77 K and self-field, which was consistent to the simulation result. In order to further improve the TMMC’s engineering critical current density (J ce) and bending performance, we proposed two enhancement approaches: reducing the former’s thickness and re-arrange stacks in the outer sub-conductors. With the enhancements, both TMMC’s radius and J ce were comparable to the existing slotted-core conductor. The study shows the TMMC’s advantages of non-twisted structures, easy assembly, high-current carrying and low ac losses, which made it promising for constructing large-scale scientific devices.

New design concept and thermal performance of a composite wall applied in solar greenhouse

Traditional solar greenhouse wall combines the functions of heat preservation and heating. It cannot accommodate both heat storage and insulation that the heat stored in the wall is uncontrollably lost as the temperature difference between the interior and exterior increases. This study proposed a novel composite wall (NCW) with an independent modular wall made of expanded polystyrene board and reinforced concrete (EPCW), and a solar water heating system (SWHS). The thermal properties of traditional brick walls and novel composite walls were assessed through field tests. Numerical simulations were utilized to analyze the heat transfer processes occurring within the wall, enabling determination of the magnitude of heat transfer towards both the interior and exterior. The thermal resistance of the ECPW with the same thickness is 1.5 times higher than that of clay bricks. Meanwhile, the heat loss from the exterior wall is reduced by 44 % through the EPCW. The SWHS installed on the greenhouse north wall increases heat storage by 89 % and heat release by 256 %. The greenhouse annual input cost for using NCW is 2.5 USD m−2 year−1 in 20-year life. It is 32.4 % lower than that of a conventional clay brick greenhouse, and has some promotional and application value.

Introduction to Haar Measure Tools in Quantum Information: A Beginner's Tutorial

The Haar measure plays a vital role in quantum information, but its study often requires a deep understanding of representation theory, posing a challenge for beginners. This tutorial aims to provide a basic introduction to Haar measure tools in quantum information, utilizing only basic knowledge of linear algebra and thus aiming to make this topic more accessible. The tutorial begins by introducing the Haar measure with a specific emphasis on characterizing the moment operator, an essential element for computing integrals over the Haar measure. It also covers properties of the symmetric subspace and introduces helpful tools like tensor network diagrammatic notation, which aid in visualizing and simplifying calculations. Next, the tutorial explores the concept of unitary designs, providing equivalent definitions, and subsequently explores approximate notions of unitary designs, shedding light on the relationships between these different notions. Practical examples of Haar measure calculations are illustrated, including the derivation of well-known formulas such as the twirling of a quantum channel. Lastly, the tutorial showcases the applications of Haar measure calculations in quantum machine learning and classical shadow tomography.

Novel design of cryptographic architecture of nanorouter using quantum-dot cellular automata nanotechnology

The article introduces a revolutionary Nanorouter structure, which is a crucial component in the Nano communication regime. To complete the connection, many key properties of Nanorouters are investigated and merged. QCA circuits with better speed and reduced power dissipation aid in meeting internet standards. Cryptography based on QCA design methodologies is a novel concept in digital circuit design. Data security in nano-communication is crucial in data transmission and reception; hence, cryptographic approaches are necessary. The data entering the input line is encrypted by an encoder, and then sent to the designated output line, where it is decoded and transferred. The Nanorouter is offered as a data path selector, and the proposed study analyses the cell count of QCA and the circuit delay. In this manuscript, novel designs of (4:1)) Mux and (1:4) Demux designs are utilized to implement the proposed nanorouter design. The proposed (4:1) Mux design requires 3–5% fewer cell counts and 20–25% fewer area, and the propsoed (1:4) Demux designs require 75–80% fewer cell counts and 90–95% fewer area compared to their latest counterparts. The QCAPro utility is used to analyse the power consumption of several components that make up the router. QCADesigner 2.0.3 is used to validate the simulation results and output validity.

In-Plane Combination of Micropillars with Distinct Aspect Ratios to Resist Overload-Induced Adhesion Failure.

Bioinspired micropillar adhesives have shown broad application prospects in space capture and docking, due to their strong adhesion, good environmental adaptability, and reusability. However, when performing space missions, unavoidable contact collision with target objects may cause large deformation of the micropillars, resulting in the loss of adhesion ability. This study reports a novel micropillar adhesive through the in-plane combination of micropillars (IPCM) with different aspect ratios, consisting of small pillars for retaining strong adhesion and large ones for resisting overload-induced adhesion failure. It is demonstrated that the IPCM array can still maintain 85% of the adhesion peak after static large deformation compared to a general micropillar array composed of the same pillars. The impact of element size and layout of the IPCM, as well as detachment velocity on adhesion performance under high preload is discussed. Furthermore, finite element contact analysis qualitatively reproduces the experimentally observed micropillar deformations and attributes the overload-induced adhesion failure to the redistribution of surface normal stress. Finally, the potential application of the IPCM in dynamic capture is demonstrated on different objects. The proposed IPCM opens up new design concepts for practical applications of bioinspired adhesives in space capture and docking.

Haram Lost and Found

With its great religious significance, the Holy Mosque in Makkah welcomes millions of tourists every year. The problem of misplaced objects at this holy site poses a problem for both guests and guards. In order to tackle this issue and improve worshippers' and visitors' overall experience, this study project explores the ideation, creation, and testing of a state-of-the-art mobile application called the "Lost and Found Assistance" app. This software makes use of modern technologies to expedite the process of finding misplaced items inside the Holy Mosque. The 'Lost and Found Assistance' app's main objective is to offer a workable answer to anyone who have misplaced their belongings inside the enormous Holy Mosque. It presents an easy-to-use and effective platform that enables users to report misplaced things, facilitating their prompt recovery. Additionally, it enables users to look for misplaced items, providing comfort to individuals who could have momentarily misplaced priceless items while visiting. In order to provide insight on the Holy Mosque's hallowed legacy and importance in the Islamic world, this study initiative examines the historical significance of the building. It explores the issues surrounding misplaced objects at this hallowed location, highlighting the demand for an up-to-date, technologically advanced solution. In addition, the research highlights the revolutionary role that mobile applications play in a variety of contexts as it examines the current state of lost and found services. Through an analysis of current applications and technological breakthroughs, it pinpoints chances to modify these advances to meet the particular difficulties presented by the Holy Mosque. The entire development process of the 'Lost and Found Assistance' app is described, from the first conceptualization to the design and coding stages. The project emphasizes the value of intuitive design concepts and user-friendly interfaces in making sure that the software is useful and accessible to a variety of users. An analysis of the app's usefulness in helping users find misplaced goods within the Holy Mosque completes the research endeavor. It talks about user pleasure and feedback, highlighting how the software improves users' experiences. It also looks at how widely the app might be used and offers ideas for improvements down the road. The 'Lost and Found Assistance' app helps to maintain a calm and serene atmosphere inside the Holy Mosque by utilizing contemporary technologies. The ability of technology to solve long-standing issues and improve the pilgrimage and visitor experience for millions of worshippers and tourists who visit this holy site is demonstrated by this study effort.

A Cages-on-Cluster Structure Constructed by Post-Clustering Covalent Modifications and Guest-Enabled Stimuli-Responsive Luminescence.

A novel gold(I)-cluster-based twin-cage is constructed by post-clustering covalent modification of a hexa-aldehyde cluster precursor with triaminotriethylamines. The cages-on-cluster structure have double cavities and four binding sites, showing site discriminative binding for silver(I) and copper(I) guests. The guests in the tripodal hats affect the luminescence of the cluster: tetra-silver(I) host-guest complex is weak red emissive, while bis-copper(I)-bis-silver(I) one is non-emissive but a stimuli-responsive supramolecule. The copper(I) ion inside the tri-imine cavity is oxidation sensitive, which enable the release of the bright emissive precursor cluster triggered by H2O2 solution. The hybridization of a cluster with cavities to construct a cluster-based cage presents an innovative concept for functional cluster design, and the post-clustering covalent modification opens up new avenues of finely tuning the properties of clusters.

A Cages‐on‐Cluster Structure Constructed by Post‐Clustering Covalent Modifications and Guest‐Enabled Stimuli‐Responsive Luminescence

A novel gold(I)‐cluster‐based twin‐cage is constructed by post‐clustering covalent modification of a hexa‐aldehyde cluster precursor with triaminotriethylamines. The cages‐on‐cluster structure have double cavities and four binding sites, showing site discriminative binding for silver(I) and copper(I) guests. The guests in the tripodal hats affect the luminescence of the cluster: tetra‐silver(I) host‐guest complex is weak red emissive, while bis‐copper(I)‐bis‐silver(I) one is non‐emissive but a stimuli‐responsive supramolecule. The copper(I) ion inside the tri‐imine cavity is oxidation sensitive, which enable the release of the bright emissive precursor cluster triggered by H2O2 solution. The hybridization of a cluster with cavities to construct a cluster‐based cage presents an innovative concept for functional cluster design, and the post‐clustering covalent modification opens up new avenues of finely tuning the properties of clusters.

Utilizing Amphibious AGVs to Optimize Container Transshipment for Deep Sea and Hinterland Operations

Transshipment is a key component of modern-day shipping logistics. Container supply chains rely on tran-shipment hubs to access remote locations. With globalisation driving growth in container trade, maritime congestion is rising at container terminals in ports worldwide. This is expected to worsen as demand con-tinues to grow. This research explores novel maritime equipment designs that can contribute to solving problems in the trans-shipment chain. One such idea is that of the Amphibious Automated Guided Vehicle, an innovative concept that travels on both land and sea. Envisioned as a tool to minimise the rehandling of containers, the Amphibious AGV forms the heart of the new changes that this research proposes for the fu-ture of trans-shipment. Complementing swifter trans-shipment, the research also proposes complementary design concepts such as floating terminals to add more flexibility for container ships and Amphibious AGVs applied to exchange containers offshore. To validate these ideas, an agent-based modelling methodology was used and replicated in the environment of the Hong Kong- Pearl River Delta. This work, therefore, opens up an intriguing future scope for maritime transshipment that is both sustainable and adaptable while also discussing limitations and concerns that need to be carefully considered.

Detailed Design of Special-Shaped Steel Structures Based on DfMA: The BIM-FEM Model Conversion Method

(1) This paper, based on the characteristics of complex steel structures as well as difficult points in the process of their detailed design, introduces the product design concept of DfMA (Design for Manufacturing and Assembly) from the manufacturing industry and studies the detailed design method of BIM-FEM model conversion. The BIM software Revit (2020) is used as the basis for the BIM detailed design of the project, which achieves the purpose of rapid modeling and provides a detailed design model basis for finite element analysis. (2) Utilizing the Revit API and C# for secondary development as the technical means, this approach involves converting the geometric entity model described by CSG-Brep into an APDL stream. This creates an interface with the finite element analysis software ANSYS (12.0) to implement the detailed design of BIM-FEM model conversion, optimizing the algorithm for converting complex analysis models that require high precision for special-shaped steel structures. (3) This research addresses issues such as the disconnection between the design, manufacturing, and construction of special-shaped steel structures, providing support for design decisions. Moreover, it enhances the detailed design method by improving the standardization of special-shaped components under the condition of design diversity. (4) These studies provide sustainability for engineering design, manufacturing, and construction projects, enabling the maximization of benefits and product lifecycle management (PLM) through these projects. (5) Finally, a case study analysis was conducted on the Wuhan City New Generation Weather Radar Construction Project, designed by the Central South Architectural Design Institute (CSADI), to verify the detailed design of BIM-FEM model conversion. This proved the scientific validity, practicality, and necessity of this research.

Design Principles and Routes for Calcium Alkoxyaluminate Electrolytes.

Multivalent-ion battery technologies are increasingly attractive options for meeting diverse energy storage needs. Calcium ion batteries (CIB) are particularly appealing candidates for their earthly abundance, high theoretical volumetric energy density, and relative safety advantages. At present, only a few Ca-ion electrolyte systems are reported to reversibly plate at room temperature: for example, aluminates and borates, including Ca[TPFA]2, where [TPFA]- = [Al(OC(CF3)3)4]- and Ca[B(hfip)4]2, [B(hfip)4]2- = [B(OCH(CF3)2)4]-. Analyzing the structure of these salts reveals a common theme: the prevalent use of a weakly coordinating anion (WCA) consisting of a tetracoordinate aluminum/boron (Al/B) center with fluorinated alkoxides. Leveraging the concept of theory-aided design, we report an innovative, one-pot synthesis of two new calcium-ion electrolyte salts (Ca[Al(tftb)4]2, Ca[Al(hftb)4]2) and two reported salts (Ca[Al(hfip)4]2 and Ca[TPFA]2) where hfip = (-OCH(CF3)2), tftb = (-OC(CF3)(Me)2), hftb = (-OC(CF3)2(Me)), [TPFA]- = [Al(OC(CF3)3)4]-. We also reveal the dependence of Coulombic efficiency on their inherent propensity for cation-anion coordination.

The application of emotional design in lighting for Chinese healthcare spaces

The application of emotional design in lighting for Chinese healthcare spaces

Integration of the Power Corridor Concept in the Early-Phase Design of Electric Naval Ships using Mathematical Design Models

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the process of identifying the ‘best compromise’ solution for an all-electric destroyer at the concept design level. The design strategy reflects a paradigm shift from a sequential approach towards a holistic multicriterial approach. The destroyer is required for an extensive range and endurance, fully operable in rough sea states. A mathematical design model (MDM) that includes a set of metamodels, is implemented to evaluate the overall performance of feasible, then non-dominated designs. The power corridor concept is integrated into the MDM to optimize the location and functionality of the individual units of the power train. The fuzzy sets theory is used for normalizing and weighing incommensurable properties of candidate designs, so resolving many of the ill-defined requirements and criteria. The final result of this study is a top-level specification for the destroyer with enhanced performance and reduced power demand.

Reflections on the Application of Digital Design in Future Urban Construction

As globalization deepens, it brings new opportunities for urban construction. With the acceleration of urban planning processes and the pressures of population growth, higher demands are placed on urban construction. At the same time, rapid developments in science and technology provide new ideas and directions for urban construction. Digital design, as an emerging design concept and technical method, is becoming an important support for future urban construction. By utilizing advanced technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, digital design can achieve comprehensive optimization of urban planning, architectural design and construction, and urban management and services, bringing revolutionary changes to urban construction. Therefore, this paper explains the technological basis of digital design in current urban construction to provide a background for understanding its application. It then delves into the specific application advantages of digital design in three aspects: urban planning, architectural design and construction, and urban management and services. However, digital design still faces multiple challenges in application, such as technology, security, and privacy issues, which need to be addressed through corresponding strategies. Through in-depth research and practice, it is believed that digital design will bring more sustainable solutions to future urban construction.

UX Design for Deaf Children: How is it Done Now? Should it Change?

The process by which user experiences (UX) for children are created is uncertain, especially for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children. This paper seeks to (I) describe the origins of UX and child–computer interaction and to describe what is being taught to designers today; (II) use the example of digital assessment to extract insights from practitioners about UX design for DHH children; and (III) describe opportunities for amending today's UX design curricula to foster more equitably designed products for children. Interviewing 13 practitioners revealed the following findings. (1) Allowing non-designer participants to self-identify their profession makes them more likely to discuss design concepts. (2) The challenge of working with children is more about legal/risk assessment than any gaps in design education. (3) Practitioners who design products for children follow similar processes to designers who design for adults; age-specific language is the main difference child and adult UX.

Biomimetic papilla texture by femtosecond laser for high-strength CFRTP/A6061-T6 FSSW hybrid structures

The lightweight design concept in structural applications has generated interest in hybrid structures of carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTP) and metals as attractive structure components. However, these hybrid structures face challenges due to the significant differences in physical and chemical properties between CFRTP and metals, resulting in limited strength and rendering them unsuitable for advanced transportation. To address these limitations, the current research focuses on creating a biomimetic texture on A6061-T6 (6061) surfaces using femtosecond laser to manufacture high-strength hybrid structures, inspired by organismal body surfaces. The CFRTP and 6061 were joined by friction stir spot welding (FSSW). The femtosecond laser treatment produces double-scale roughness on 6061 surfaces and causes carbon to absorb into alumina. These changes in physical and chemical structures enhance the compatibility between 6061 and CFRTP. The biomimetic rough aluminum surface creates effective mechanical interlock at the interface with CFRTP, preventing the initiation and propagation of fracture cracks. The presence of absorbed carbon enhances the Al-O covalency, which influences the bonding behavior at CFRTP/6061 interfaces. The improved compatibility, mechanical interlock, and enhanced bonding behavior synergistically strengthen the joint strength of CFRTP/6061 hybrid structure modified by the biomimetic papilla structure. Current biomimetic design strategy inherits the remarkable natural wisdom and is expected to provide valuable insights for the development and application of CFRTP/metal hybrid structures.

Application of Q-learning algorithm based on heterogeneous sensor networks in higher education teaching management

With the rapid advancement of information technology and online technologies, it has become imperative for all colleges and universities to address the challenge of leveraging modern management methods to enhance management efficiency, level, and practices. In the realm of educational institution management, the learning management system stands as the cornerstone of contemporary campus management and the entire campus computer network. In this article, the Q-learning algorithm, specifically applied to a heterogeneous cellular network, is employed to investigate the issues pertaining to teaching management in colleges and universities.The design and implementation of the university teaching management system mainly uses heterogeneous cellular networks to establish a physical model of the Q-learning algorithm, and then in the Rayleigh channel, the coverage factor and the system rate expression are derived in a closed form, and in a closed form Derive the energy efficiency expression, and then optimize the density of the basic micro-station algorithm to maximize performance. In the process of system design, this paper uses an algorithm to analyze the current research status of university teaching management, then proposes the research purpose and subject content, and analyzes the university's teaching management function and potential future functional requirements. When designing the university learning management system, it describes in detail the overall design concept, key technologies, system structure, and operating system structure and system topology. This research mainly focuses on the research of campus information management and Q learning algorithm. Based on the cellular network, a large number of campus management cases were analyzed and data fitting at the same time, and a set of Q-learning algorithm teaching management system based on heterogeneous cellular network was designed.