Descriptive Table Research Articles

Design management in ergonomics team leadership

Documentary research was used to gather and display the skills, approaches, and domains of expertise of the professionals working in Ergonomics field defined by their own professional associations. For such, one table of professional scopes and job descriptions in Ergonomics was assembled. The objective of this research was reached by using this table to correlate and to compare its elements to the characteristics of the designer and to the attributions of Design Management described in the literature review. Lastly, this comparison brought forth the analysis of how they fit in Ergonomics team leadership roles and the recognition of design managers as qualified and unique professionals for leading roles in Ergonomics multidisciplinary teams.

Osbeckia yercaudensis (Melastomataceae) a new species from the Eastern Ghats, India

A new species of Melastomataceae, Osbeckia yercaudensis, endemic to south India, is described from Shevaroy Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. It is morphologically allied to Osbeckia mehrana Giri & Nayar (1986: 429) and Osbeckia wightiana Bentham ex Wight & Arnott (1834:323), an endemic species from south India, but differs in the height of the plant, size of the leaves, 2–3-flowered cymes, oblong to slightly falcate sepals with irregularly emarginate apex and cochleate or U shaped, margins minutely toothed seeds. A detailed description, photographic illustration and comparison table are provided to facilitate identification.

Critical Appraisal Tools to Aid Pharmacists in Evidence-Based Practice: A Narrative Review.

Pharmacists and allied health researchers need to ensure that their practice is supported by current, evidence-based information. Critical appraisal tools have been developed to aid in this process. To analyze the current landscape of critical appraisal tools and to create an aid for pharmacists and other allied health researchers to use in comparing various tools and choosing the best one for each particular study design. A literature search of the PubMed, University of Toronto Libraries, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted in December 2021, to generate an up-to-date list of critical appraisal tools. The tools were then summarized in a descriptive table. Review articles, original manuscripts, and tool webpages were examined to develop a comparison chart based on the user-friendliness, efficiency, comprehensiveness, and reliability of each tool. Fourteen tools were found through the literature search. These tools were compared using the findings of included review articles, and a comparison chart was created to aid pharmacists and allied health researchers in selecting the appropriate tool for their practice. There are many standardized critical appraisal tools that can help in assessing the quality of evidence, and the summary list of tools developed and reported here can help health care researchers to compare among them and choose the best one. No tools were found that have been specifically adapted to serve the needs of pharmacists when assessing scientific articles. Future research should examine how existing critical appraisal tools can better identify common data elements that are essential to evidence-based decision-making in pharmacy practice.

The Efficacy of Using a Sterile Glove Technique for Retrieval of the Gall Bladder Through the Epigastric Port in Preventing Post-Operative Infections During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of using sterile surgical gloves to retrieve the gall bladder through the epigastric port in laparoscopic cholecystectomy as compared to the direct retrieval technique in terms of surgical port site infections. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Setting: Department of Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Duration: From 1st August, 2022, to 31st January, 2023. Methodology: After attaining approval from the Hospital ethical committee all patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The patients were allocated in two groups through blocked randomization: Group A (use of sterile glove for extraction) and Group B (direct removal of gall bladder). Results were analyzed on Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23 and depicted in the form of description and statistical tables. Results: The mean age was 39.64 years ± 3.22 in group A and 38.25 years ±13.3 in group B and most patients were females in both groups, group A (n=40, 80%) and group B (n= 69, 86.3%).In group, A ,11 patients were diabetic (22%) and 5(10%) of the patients developedPSI at the epigastric port, 3(27.3%) in diabetics and 2(5.1%) in non-diabetics, p-value 0.031. In group B, 19 patients were diabetic (23.8%) and10 (12.5%) patients developed PSI, seen on 7th day follow up, 8 in diabetics (80%) and 2 non-diabetics(20%), p-value <0.01. The correlation between diabetes mellites and PSIs showed significant correlation p-value <0. 001.However,no significant correlation was seen between both groups in terms of PSIs, p-value 0.530. Conclusion: Even though it was observed that using retrieval bags relatively decreases the incidence of port site infections in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the percentage is not notable enough to justify for its impact on operative time. Keywords: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Epigastric Port,Glove Technique, Direct Removal, Port Site Infections.

Blood glucose control with different treatment regimens in type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: A retrospective study.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is closely associated with hyperglycemia and a worse prognosis in patients with a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A few studies investigated the effects of diabetes treatment regimens in these patients during hospitalization. Here, we evaluate the impact of insulin and non-insulin therapy on glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes admitted with COVID-19. This is a retrospective study including 359 COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to diabetes treatment during hospitalization. The first group included patients treated with insulin only, and the second group patients treated with other antidiabetic agents with or without insulin. Average blood glucose was higher in the insulin-only treatment group (201 ± 66 mg/dL vs 180 ± 71 mg/dL, P = .004), even after excluding mechanically ventilated patients (192 ± 69 vs 169 ± 59 mg/dL, P = .003). In patients with moderate severity of COVID-19, average blood glucose was also significantly higher in the insulin-only treated group (197 ± 76 vs 168 ± 51 mg/dL, P = .001). Most patients (80%) in the combination treatment group received metformin. Moderately affected COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes could safely be treated with antihyperglycemic medications with or without insulin.

The Application of the Least Squares Method to Multicollinear Data

Regression analysis is an analysis that aims to determine whether there is a statistically dependent relationship between two variables, namely the predictor variable and the response variable. One of the methods for estimating multiple linear regression parameters is the Least Squares Method. Therefore, careful and meticulous analysis and selection of appropriate techniques are required to overcome the multicollinearity problem and ensure accurate and meaningful regression analysis results. Descriptive statistical table of response variables and predictor variables, where the average results are rounded. The regression equation using the OLS method is as follows: Y ̂=2,037+0.302X_1+0.206X_2+0.172X_3+0.342X_4. Therefore, it is important to use special techniques such as regularization or PCA to overcome the multicollinearity problem in the data before applying the least squares method. Thus, we can obtain more stable and accurate regression coefficient estimates and a more reliable linear regression model.

Mental health interventions targeting children and young people: A mapping review of interventions, follow-up, and evidence gaps

Background: Young people with mental illness should be offered evidence-based treatments. In 2018, we developed a national evidence portal in Norway providing mental health professionals and others with living evidence summaries. This immense work has been an important contribution to mental health care in Norway but is also a rich data source for exploring the characteristics and evidence gaps of the existing research internationally. At the time of this study, eight overviews of systematic reviews (OoOs) had been published. These addressed treatments for attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), self-harm and trauma/ post-traumatic stress disorder. The objective of this study was to do a secondary analysis of this evidence to describe the state-of-the art in this field, and to map: treatments evaluated for each patient group and the longest time of follow-uptreatment comparisons evaluated for more than one patient group Methods: We performed a mapping review of the eight OoOs. Data extraction was performed by one author and double-checked by another. All data was entered into Excel. Findings were visualized in descriptive tables and using Sunburst-diagrams. We used statistical thresholds to determine the size of effect and report the associated certainty. Results: We identified 200 treatment comparisons including a wide variety of interventions. Some mental illnesses are treated mostly with pharmacological or combination therapies and others solely with psychological or psychosocial treatments or with more diversity. The evidence supporting most treatments is of low to very low certainty. Ten percent of the comparisons included follow-up assessments beyond 12 months. Cognitive behavioural therapy, dialectic behavioural therapy, physical activity and mindfulness interventions were effective across populations. Conclusions: The evidence supporting treatment of mental illness in young people has important limitations. Future research efforts should address these evidence gaps.

Bibliometric analyses of global output on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a neuroimmune disease, i.e. under constant research. The aim of this bibliometric study is to perform a bibliometric indicator analysis of the worldwide academic production of NMOSD during the period 2017-2021. A bibliographic search was assessed in the Scopus database to identify NMOSD-related articles published during the period 2017-2021. Collected publications were exported and analyzed in Scival (Elsevier). Bibliographic data were described through absolute values and percentages in descriptive tables. VOSviewer was used to visualize collaborative networks. A total of 1920 documents were collected, and the highest percentage of these belonged to the area of neurology. Friedemann Paul was the author with the highest scientific production, but Brian Weinshenker had the greatest impact worldwide. Three of the institutions with the highest production were North American. Multiple sclerosis and related disorders were the journal with the highest production of publications. Most papers were published in Q1 or Q2 journals. NMOSD-related articles are mostly published in first and second quartile journals, which would reflect a high interest of the scientific community. Publications with international collaboration reported a higher impact. Although African and South American regions have considerable prevalence of this disease, they do not have institutions with high productivity developing research on this disease.

Comparing the effectiveness of parent-child interaction training, attachment-based therapy and Self-regulation skill training on children's emotion control

Background and Aim: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of parent-child interaction training, attachment-based therapy, and Self-regulation skill training on emotional control of preschool children. Methods: This research was carried out in the form of a semi-experimental design on 48 preschool students of Islam Shahr city with available sampling method and these people were randomly replaced in three experimental groups (n=36) and a control group (n=12). Then, the experimental groups underwent parent-child interaction training, attachment-based therapy, and Self-regulation skill training, and the control group did not receive any training. The data collection tool was the child's emotion management questionnaire (Ziman et al., 2001), which was administered before and after the training. Descriptive tables and statistical methods of one-way analysis of variance with differential scores, multivariate covariance analysis and Bonferroni adjustment test were used to describe and analyze the collected data. Results: The results show that, in the comparison between the effectiveness of each of the experimental groups on reducing the differential score of emotional control of preschool children, the results of the effect size showed, respectively, the parent-child interaction training groups (ƞ2=0.681), the treatment based on Attachment (0.630=2ƞ) and Self-regulation skill (ƞ2=0.408) had the highest impact on reducing differential scores of emotional control of preschool children. Conclusion: Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables helps senior managers and researchers in choosing managers and designing more suitable for cultivating wisdom.

The correlation of screen time with sleep quality: A cross-sectional study on undergraduate medical students

Background: Continuous and long-term exposure to the screens of electronic devices, especially smartphones, cell phones, and tablets, is associated with poor quality of sleep. Aim and Objectives: The study was undertaken to correlate screen time exposure and the quality of sleep in undergraduate medical students and to find out the effects of increased screen time exposure on the health of students. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 200 undergraduate medical students at Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat with the help of an online pre-validated questionnaire constructed on Google Form after obtaining ethical approval. The questionnaire was comprised demographic profiles, screen time exposure, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) statements. Data were entered into an Microsoft Excel sheet. For the descriptive statistical part, means, standard deviations, and frequency tables were used. A Chi-square test was applied to detect the strength of the association. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of increased screen time among the study population was found 79%. The prevalence of PSQI scores >5 observed in the present study was 73%. There was a significant association observed between increased screen time exposure and PSQI score >5. Conclusion: Increased screen time was significantly associated with poor sleep quality. The most common effect of increased screen time exposure among students found was a headache.

Toxic stress on a pediatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of social isolation as a result of the coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) pandemic in children and adolescents aged 0-17 years in Southern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study in which 542 questionnaires answered by parents or legal guardians of children and adolescents aged 0-17 years residing in the Brazilian South region, through Google Forms®. Questionnaires answered incompletely or from children outside the stipulated age group and from other regions of the country were excluded from the research. The collected data were organized into descriptive and association tables containing absolute and relative frequencies, medians, averages, standard deviations, quartile deviations, average, and proportion estimates in the form of 95% confidence intervals and the result of the chi-square test of independence. Data analysis was fulfilled with the application aid of Microsoft Excel 2016 and Epi Info version 7.2.1.0 of 01/27/2017. Statistically significant associations were considered when p<0.05. There was an increase in the perception of nervousness (62.7%), anxiety (67.7%), and sadness (51.3%) in children and adolescents during the pandemic period. This study evidenced a high prevalence of screens overuse (50.9%) and sedentary lifestyle (39.1%) in this age group during the period. Furthermore, the occurrence of regressive behaviors occurred more frequently in the age group of 3-6 years (57.1%) and between 7 and 10 years (44.6%). It is inferred from this study that one of the implications resulting from the pandemic period is the increase of toxic stress in the pediatric population.

Statistical analysis on job satisfaction of academic staff at college of natural science in jimma university, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Job satisfaction is an attitude that is the outcome of balancing and summarizing of numerous individual likes and dislikes that an employee experiences while performing his or her job. People's wants and requirements are always changing and rising in modern society; when these needs are not met, people get unhappy. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of job satisfaction among academic staff members at Jimma University College of Natural Science. A crosssectional study design was used in this research. The subjects who were involved in the study were 280 academic staff members in College of Natural Science. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics method of data analysis, which means from descriptive statistics frequency table, cross tab, and from inferential statistics chi-square test of association and Ordinary Logistic Regression have been used. Most of the academic staff members are moderately satisfied with their job, P-value=0.000 indicates there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis at α=5% level of significance. Then there is a association between employees, ages and job satisfaction and P-value=0.000 indicates there is relationship between the level of job satisfaction and relationship of employees who work in college of Natural science. Mean level of job satisfaction of the employees depends on the relationships of academic staff members. Age, relationship with workers, work environment, education level, and monthly salary shows relationship with the level of job satisfaction. Academic staff members are not very satisfied with their job due to monthly salary, employment, scarcity of time, and educational level.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Healthcare Provider’s Regarding Physical Activity during Pregnancy

Objective: To assess knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices of healthcare providers (HCP) regarding physical activity (PA) during pregnancy. Methodology: A convenient sample of 132 HCP, including General Practitioners, Obstetricians/Gynaecologists and Registered Nurses participated in this cross sectional, descriptive study. Data pertaining to their knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding PA during pregnancy was collected using interviewer-administered 36 item questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and frequency tables were calculated and compared for the responses. Result: Overall 97% of participants believed that PA during pregnancy is beneficial but 58.3% agreed that advising patients regarding PA during pregnancy is not a major component of their antenatal care and 63.5% doesn’t include any individualized recommendation on exercise for pregnant women. Although HCPs beliefs and attitude responses were largely positive regarding exercise in pregnancy however there was misalignment between the published recommendations and clinical practice. Conclusion: HCPs can serve an important role in women's health behaviours through promotion of physical activity adherence during and after pregnancy by providing appropriate advice and counselling regarding PA during pregnancy. The current study found that HCPs lacked adequate knowledge and awareness of the optimal PA during pregnancy and were unable to provide proper counselling for the same despite of majority of them having positive belief and attitude towards PA during pregnancy. In order to effectively promote prenatal PA in clinical or community settings, more research is required to study the PA prescription and counselling practices of HCPs and knowledge of challenges impeding successful delivery of the aforementioned.

Esse (des)conhecido sujeito social: a produção acadêmica sobre a juventude das EFAs

Este artigo surgiu do interesse em investigar a juventude das Escolas Famílias Agrícolas (EFAs), uma vez que, a sociedade brasileira experimentou nas últimas décadas a afirmação da juventude como categoria política e destinatária de ações sociais. Se a juventude do meio rural sentiu também os impactos desse novo lugar político, nossa curiosidade recaiu sobre a produção acadêmica sobre este tema. Assim, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura empreendida na base de dados da Plataforma Scielo, com buscas delimitadas entre os anos de 2011 e 2021. Os dados foram tratados através de gráficos e tabelas descritivos. O conjunto temático das pesquisas indica a persistência de temas historicamente recorrentes, mas também apontam para a inserção de temas que acompanham as questões trazidas pela conquista do novo lugar político da categoria jovem e que foram potencializadas nos anos recentes. Contudo, a publicação da comunicação das pesquisas à sociedade não acontece em conformidade com a distribuição das experiências educativas das EFAs ao longo do território brasileiro. A superação desse desafio estrutural exige a retomada de processos sociais e políticos que vem sendo desmontados nos últimos anos. Palavras-chave: juventude, juventude do campo, escola família agrícola, educação do campo. This (un)known social person: academic production on EFA youth ABSTRACT. The context of this article is the interest in investigating the youth of Escolas Famílias Agrícolas (EFAs), since, in recent decades, Brazilian society has experienced the affirmation of youth as a political category and recipient of social actions. If rural youth also felt the impacts of this new political place, our curiosity fell on the academic production on the selected topic. To this end, a systematic literature review was carried out in the Scielo Platform database, with searches delimited between the years 2011 and 2021. The data were treated through descriptive graphs and tables. The thematic set of research indicates the persistence of historically recurring themes, but also points to the insertion of themes that accompany the issues brought about by the conquest of the new political place of the young category and that have been strengthened in recent years. However, the publication and, therefore, the communication of the researches to the society does not happen in accordance with the distribution of the educational experiences of the EFAs throughout the Brazilian territory. Overcoming this structural challenge requires the resumption of social and political processes that have been dismantled in recent years. Keywords: youth, countryside youth, agricultural family school, rural education. Este sujeto social (des)conocido: la producción académica sobre los jóvenes de las EFA RESUMEN. El contexto de este artículo es el interés de investigar la juventud de las Escolas Famílias Agrícolas (EFA), ya que, en las últimas décadas, la sociedad brasileña ha experimentado la afirmación de la juventud como categoría política y receptora de acciones sociales. Si la juventud rural también sintió los impactos de este nuevo lugar político, nuestra curiosidad recayó en la producción académica sobre el tema seleccionado. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en la base de datos de la Plataforma Scielo, con búsquedas delimitadas entre los años 2011 y 2021. Los datos fueron tratados a través de gráficos descriptivos y tablas. El conjunto temático de la investigación indica la persistencia de temas históricamente recurrentes, pero también apunta a la inserción de temas que acompañan las cuestiones suscitadas por la conquista del nuevo lugar político de la categoría joven y que se han fortalecido en los últimos años. Sin embargo, la publicación y, por lo tanto, la comunicación de las investigaciones a la sociedad no ocurre de acuerdo con la distribución de las experiencias educativas de las EFA en todo el territorio brasileño. Superar este desafío estructural requiere retomar procesos sociales y políticos que se han desmantelado en los últimos años. Palabras clave: juventud, juventud del campo, escuela de familia agrícola, educación de campo.

Supply Chain Management Practices on Organizational Performance: A Case Study of Tea Industries in North Rift Valley, Kenya

The tea sector in Kenya has been in a crisis for the past decade due to supply and demand implications. Tea prices are increasing in the short term, but long-term prices have decreased to half of what farmers received five decades ago. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of supply chain management practices on organizational performance of tea industry in the North Rift Valley, Kenya. The study was guided by the four objectives: to identify supply chain management practices adopted by firms in the tea industry in North Rift Valley Kenya, to establish the level performance of tea firms in North Rift Valley Kenya, to find out if there is a significant relationship between SCM practices and performance in the tea industry in North Rift Valley, Kenya and to give recommendations on how to improve the levels of supply chain management practices of tea industry in the North Rift Valley, Kenya. This study utilized a descriptive mixed research design. Tea manufacturers in the North Rift Valley region were investigated using a census technique. Purposive sampling and stratified sampling were used, with departments divided into clusters for each level of the organization. To pick respondents in various strata, simple random sampling was used. Total of 71 respondents participated in the study. For data analysis, this study used SPSS version 25.0, which generated descriptive statistics, frequency tables, plots, and graphs. It also supplied inferential statistics and variable correlations. Multiple linear regression was used to test the hypotheses. The study findings showed that tea companies in the region recognize the importance of collaborative partnerships, lean practices, and effective materials management in optimizing their supply chain performance. From the findings, it was concluded that Tea firms in North Rift Valley, Kenya recognize and value strategic partnerships, lean practices, and materials management as key components of effective supply chain management. The study found that the tea companies are performing well in terms of efficiency and profitability. However, there was no significant relationship between strategic partnership and performance, hence the study recommended that tea firms should focus on improving their lean practices and materials management to optimize their supply chain performance.

Knowledge and practice regarding retinopathy of prematurity among paediatricians

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity, a vision threatening disease of the preterm occurs due to abnormal retinal vasculature development. Early detection and timely management, prevents blindness. Paediatricians, the primary care providers, require good knowledge of risk factors, time for screening, and referral to an ophthalmologist for their management. Objectives: To study knowledge and referral practices for retinopathy of prematurity followed by registered paediatricians in Nepal. Methods: This study was a questionnaire-based descriptive cross-sectional study among 81 paediatricians of Nepal from October 2021 to December 2021. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to all registered paediatricians in Nepal via Google Forms. The paediatricians who did not respond were excluded from the study. Descriptive statistics, frequency tables, and percentages were calculated using SPSS. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College. Results: Eighty-one paediatricians participated in the study. All of them were aware of retinopathy of prematurity. Eighty (98.8%) were aware that low gestational age was an important risk factor. Only 23 (28.4%) of the paediatricians stated that the first screening should be done within 30 days of life. Eighty (98.8%) paediatricians responded that retinopathy of prematurity is treatable. Lack of well-equipped transportation system for sick babies to eye centres was the major barrier reported. Conclusion: Awareness regarding risk factors, screening, and referral protocols for retinopathy of prematurity among paediatricians is needed. Multidisciplinary team, formulation and implementation of guidelines to prevent blindness secondary to retinopathy of prematurity is important.

Economic analysis of cassava processing in egbeda local government area, oyo state, nigeria

Cassava is one of the most important crops that can be cultivated all year round yet there is inability to meet the quantity demanded by industries and other end user of the product. This study was carried out to analyse cassava value chain in Egbeda local government area of Oyo state, Nigeria. Primary data needed for the study were collected through the administration of questionnaires. A total of 85 questionnaires were administered. Descriptive (Table and Frequency) and budgetary analysis was used. Well-constructed questionnaires were administered to major actors in the chain (farmers/producers, marketers and processors.). The result revealed that there are three major cassava processed products in the study area; garri, cassava dough(fufu) and cassava chip (lafun).The result also revealed that females are more involved in the marketing(71.14% ) and processing(85.71% ) of cassava. Also most of the respondents were betweeen the age range of 31-50. The study also revealed that to every one tonne of fresh cassava 275000(garri), 34500 (wet fufu) and 45000(cassva chip) are produced respectively. While the average gross margin estimated for the producer/farmers was N706111. Also it was discovered that poor marketing information is a major challenge faced by the processors. It is therefore recommended that cassava processors should organize to form an association and a cooperative society to strengthen the marketing network.

Application of the AHP method for prioritizing actions to reduce risk associated with gravitational mass movements in areas along the margins of watercourses of the city of Rio Branco, Brazil

Problems related to gravitational mass movements at the margins of watercourses are present in different parts of the world, but in the Amazon, whose hydrological regime has unique characteristics, and whose socioeconomic situation may be considered underdeveloped, such problems come into sharp focus. Rotational landslides and creeps on the ground are present with high frequency and magnitude in several municipalities in the Western Amazon. Such processes act in association and annually cause significant losses and material damage. In this context, this study proposes the structuring of a decision-making process that aims to assist in the indication of critical areas, as well as proposing possible actions to mitigate risks. The criteria and procedures adopted for risk mapping in a portion of the urban center of Rio Branco-AC are described. Risk was measured, based on the multicriteria analysis of attributes related to the physical, anthropic environment and the characteristics of the processes considered. The hierarchical analysis method was the technique adopted to structure the risk assessment model, which was later integrated into the GIS environment, to allow spatial analysis. The results were presented in the form of cartograms, descriptive tables and graphs, and aim to help control the mapped risks.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of Nurses Regarding Occupational Health Hazards in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Pakistan

OBJECTIVE To assess the knowledge attitude and perception of Nurses about Occupational hazards. METHODOLOGY A descriptive cross-sectional study design using a sample of 250 registered nurses was selected at Jinnah and Mayo Hospital Lahore. A Non-Probability convenient sampling was used. Data was analyzed with the help of SPSS software (version 21). The data was presented in a form of descriptive statistics (Frequencies and percentages), tables and graphs were used. The association of Demographic factors with the Knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of nurses regarding occupational hazards was tested through Chi square. RESULTS Majority of the respondents were having good knowledge about occupational hazards (60.8%), while 39.2% had poor knowledge about occupational hazards. The positive attitude towards the occupational hazards and safety measure was among 58%, whereas 32% were found to have negative attitude. The awareness and attitude of nurses regarding occupational hazards was significantly associated with their working experience, education level and marital status (P. Value&lt;0.05). CONCLUSION The level of knowledge, attitude and perception towards occupational hazards was varying with education and experience. There is need to introduce some educational sessions for the nurses about the safety measures and management against occupational hazards.

Association Between Social Media Use and Depression Among Students of International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan

Introduction: Depression is a vital issue to be concerned about because it is anticipated to be one of the major health issues confronting Malaysia in the coming years. Social media has emerged as one of the main contributors to depression due to the increased use of technology in modern society. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between social media use and depression among IIUM students. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 227 students of IIUM Kuantan from three Kulliyyahs; Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences (KAHS), Science (KOS) and Dentistry (KOD). Convenience sampling was applied and self-administered questionnaires were distributed. Data was analysed using Statistical Package Software for Social Sciences (SPSS), where descriptive frequency table, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Correlation test were applied. Results: This study indicated that the level of social media-related depression among students in selected kulliyyah in IIUM Kuantan was low (n=61, 26.9%). Body image dissatisfaction, online harassment, sleep disturbance and high self-esteem were significantly associated with low depression. Socio-demographic factors, which are the types of kulliyyah and working part-time, were significantly associated with depression, with a p-value of 0.002 and 0.012, respectively. Conclusion: Social media use and depression were associated considerably, involving body image, online harassment, sleep, and self-esteem. A guideline and education for better and safe use of social media in our country should be proposed as part of preventive action in future.