Descriptive Profile Research Articles

Descriptive Profile of Urolithiasis Cases in a Tertiary Hospital in Sabah

Urolithiasis is a common urological problem in Malaysia. Stones can be formed by precipitation or crystallization of minerals and urinary constituents. It is a multifactorial, recurrent disease distributed worldwide with a trend of increasing incidence. This study aims to describe the characteristics of patients with urolithiasis in a tertiary centre in Sabah. Patients seen in the urology clinic or inpatient ward in the Department of Urology, Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Sabah, who had urolithiasis confirmed on plain CT KUB were reviewed. Demographic data regarding age, gender, race, address, and BMI were recorded. Details regarding fluid intake and family history of urolithiasis associated with medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and gout were collected during the interview with the patient. Routine urine and blood investigations for urolithiasis were performed, and results with CT scan findings were recorded in a data collection sheet. A total of 300 patients with urolithiasis were reviewed. The median age was 54 years, with similar gender distribution. BMI above normal was found in 69% of participants, and 55% had underlying hypertension. The highest incidence was seen in the Kadazan-Dusun population. Those who consume < 2 L/day of fluid also had a higher frequency of urolithiasis. 60.6% of stones were unilateral, whereas 43.7% were found to be renal. There were 39.7% of patients who had CKD stage 2. The mean Hounsfield unit of stones was 1,091. In conclusion, urolithiasis is a common problem worldwide, and it is apparent that its burden on the healthcare system is increasing. These findings will help better understand local clinical characteristics to prevent and reduce morbidity and mortality by urolithiasis.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions on the Use of Telemedicine Among Adults Aged 18-34 in Manila, Philippines During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Telemedicine has been an emerging method for delivering healthcare services due to the challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive quantitative correlational study is aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP), and their relationship among adults aged 18-34 without prior experience in the use of telemedicine in Manila, Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study had 322 eligible respondents who answered an online survey questionnaire of three parts that asked for their socio-demographic profile, KAP on telemedicine. Descriptive statistics, profile analysis and Spearman’s rho were utilized as statistical tools. The respondents’ knowledge was on an average to low level, and attitude and perception towards telemedicine were both neutral. Results showed no significant difference between the KAP of the respondents when analyzed according to socio-demographic variables. Knowledge and attitude have a weak positive linear relationship while knowledge and perception have a moderate positive linear relationship. A strong positive linear relationship was indicated between attitude and perception. A positive attitude can be attributed to a positive perception towards telemedicine but both do not consequently come from high knowledge levels of it. Keywords: Telemedicine, Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceptions, COVID-19

Approaching 100 years of sensory and consumer science: Developments and ongoing issues

With input from oral keynote and plenary presentations at the 14th Pangborn Sensory Science Symposium in 2021, a historical timeline and selective summary of sensory and consumer science is presented. The development of the field is traced to the present time across three time periods: Period 1) an early period spanning from the 1940s to the 1970s focused on sensory evaluation; Period 2) the 1980s and 1990s, which saw the further development of sensory science, the growth of a connection with consumer research, and a rapid expansion of the topics that interested the field; and Period 3) from the 2000s onwards, with the emergence of new technologies and the movement beyond a dependence on liking in the study of products. Across periods, 18 topic areas were selected: 1) hedonics and food acceptance, 2) discrimination testing, 3) chemical senses, psychophysics and scaling, 4) descriptive profiling by trained assessors, 5) temporal methods, 6) sensory drivers of liking, 7) rapid methods, 8) contextual factors, 9) health, 10) the young and the elderly, 11) cross-cultural research, 12) psychographics, 13) expectations, 14) extrinsic product factors, 15) emotions, 16) “beyond liking” and sub-conscious measures, 17) wellbeing, and 18) social media and big data. Loosely, the topic areas are presented in “period chronological order” with topics starting earlier in the timeline of Sensory-Consumer Science being presented first. Throughout its existence, the field of Sensory-Consumer Science has been characterized by a combination of more basic academic research and more applied commercial research, with much of the method development pushed by the need to describe, differentiate and develop products, and then to research the effects of those products on consumers. The field has also been characterized by an emphasis on quantitative approaches. The paper concludes with a presentation of several continuing and emerging issues within Sensory-Consumer Science.

Teaching and learning considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic: Supporting multimodal student learning preferences

Background. The advent of COVID‐19 and the subsequent national lockdown has catapulted higher education institutions into emergency remote teaching (ERT). A principal challenge in this shift is the ability to stimulate student interest towards engagement with, and retention of, course content. The creation of teaching and learning (T&L) resources and activities using a combination of the visual, aural, read/write and kinaesthetic (VARK) modes is fundamental in ensuring student engagement. Objectives. To determine the learning style profiles of undergraduate students and to explore how student learning profiles may be incorporated in T&L approaches during ERT. Methods. This descriptive study profiles the learning preferences of undergraduate students in a health science faculty using the VARK questionnaire. The study further outlines modifications in T&L implemented to support the varied learning preferences during the COVID‐19 ERT response. Results. Our findings demonstrate that the majority of our students have a multimodal learning preference, with the kinaesthetic modality being the most preferred. Voice‐over PowerPoint presentations with transitioning images, and audio files, supported the visual and aural learners through asynchronous engagement. Additionally, online discussion forums and applied projects (such as theme park designs) enhanced asynchronous learning by stimulating the visual, read/write and kinaesthetic preferences, respectively. Microsoft Team sessions with PowerPoint presentations supported visual and aural learning preferences through synchronous engagement. Conclusions. Rethinking traditional T&L approaches towards supporting the diverse student learning preferences is critical in student‐centred T&L amidst the many challenges that ERT has precipitated. Academics need to be dynamic in their T&L approaches and intuitive in their awareness of how subject content may be modified/enhanced in the ERT environment.

Comparison of the performance of the same panel with different training levels: Flash profile versus descriptive analysis

Flash Profile (FP) has recently been gaining popularity as a rapid descriptive profiling method. Many studies have shown that this method reduces cost and time compared with traditional sensory descriptive analysis. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of the same panel, with different levels of training, using the FP and Descriptive Analysis (DA) method respectively. The untrained panel (UP) generated descriptors and ranked each sample on each attribute by the FP method. Then the semi-trained panel (SP, 12 h of training) evaluated samples again using the FP method with written definitions. Finally, the samples were analyzed by the DA method by the trained panel (TP, 30 h of training). Results revealed that the SP-FP resulted in similar terms being used to describe products and product configurations as the TP-DA. Overall results support the validity of SP-FP and suggest its potential for industrial use, when a timely and cost-efficient description of a product is required and the product already has a lexicon.

Cupuassu from bean to bar: Sensory and hedonic characterization of a chocolate-like product

The processing of cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum) beans after fermentation gives a chocolate-like product, the cupulate. The high amount of pulp adhered to the seeds hinders the fermentation. Consequently, it is necessary to depulp the seeds to perform the process, even though the pulp contains important substrates for the formation of flavor precursors. To verify whether the complete or partial removal of the pulp influences the sensory characteristics of the product, fermentation was performed with three pulp concentrations (0, 7.5, and 15%) and two schemes of turning for aeration of the mass: fixed (R1) and according to the temperature (R2), in a total of six experiments (0R1, 0R2, 7.5R1, 7.5R2, 15R1 and 15R2). The beans were processed to obtain cupulates, which were submitted to tests performed with consumers, to express their preference and attributes (acceptance, purchase intent, Check All That Apply – CATA), and then to tests with a trained panel, the Quantitative Descriptive Profile (QDP) to characterize the samples. Both tests showed the consumers’ perceptions that the cupulates have peculiar sensory characteristics. In the Consumer Test, through the Preference Mapping, all the samples of cupulates obtained from R1 conditions were preferred. In the penalty analysis, these same samples showed positive attributes that mask the negative attributes. Both CATA and QDP results showed that cupulate samples produced from seeds with a higher amount of pulp (15R1 and 15R2) had a higher number of positive mentions, for their fruity and floral flavors. The research also demonstrated that all samples gave the perception of an earthy taste, an important reason for consumer rejection, as well as a bad residual flavor. Thus, the results showed that the presence of the pulp in the fermentation environmental is important to the formation of flavor compounds and improving the sensory acceptance of the products.

The Sensory Quality and the Physical Properties of Functional Green Tea-Infused Yoghurt with Inulin.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the addition of inulin (3%, 6% and 9%) to green tea-infused set type yoghurt on its sensory quality and physical properties. Yogurts were made by combining green tea with milk and inulin and inoculated with freeze-dried starter cultures YO-122. Incubation was conducted at 43 °C for approximately 4.5 h until a pH value of 4.5–4.6 was achieved. For the prepared yoghurts, a panel of experts (n = 10) was selected, characterized 35 attributes and conducted a sensory quality assessment of these yoghurts using the Quantitative Descriptive Profile method. Additionally, instrumental analyses such as yield stress, adhesiveness, firmness, physical stability and color parameters were also carried out. The use of green tea infusion increased the perception of green tea flavor, bitterness, astringency, dark color of the yoghurt and the existing whey, which worsened the overall sensory quality of the yoghurt. The addition of inulin (9%) to the green tea yoghurt, increased the perception of sweet, peach flavor and aroma and improved the firmness of the yoghurt while reducing the perception of sour taste, which improved the sensory quality of the yoghurt. Both inulin and green tea affected the physical properties of the yoghurts, causing an increase in the yield stress (43%, and 20%, respectively) and deteriorated the stability of the yoghurts. Green tea affected the color of the yoghurts, causing the lightness to decrease. The L* parameter decreased from 89.80 for the control sample to 84.42 for the green tea infused yoghurt. The use of infused green tea in yoghurt production makes it necessary to use ingredients that will neutralize its adverse effects on sensory quality and physical parameters of yoghurt, and such an additive can be prebiotic fiber–inulin at a concentration of 9%.

Influence of the ripening chamber’s geographical location on dry-cured Iberian ham’s key odorants

Olfactometric and sensory analyses have been applied to study the possible influence of the ripening chamber’s geographical location on the aroma sensory profiles and key odorants of Iberian ham. Dry-cured Iberian ham was obtained from 3 acorn-fed pigs and, for the first time, both of the participating production facilities, located in two different Andalusian municipalities with different altitudes above mean sea level, processed one of the two hind legs from each pig. The descriptive sensory profile of orthonasal and retronasal odours was determined by trained panellists, while odour-active compounds were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC/MS-O). The results obtained showed that, separately, both techniques enable Iberian ham samples to be differentiated by their ripening chamber’s geographical location. For sensory analysis, retronasal sensory analysis appeared to be the most suitable for this goal, highlighting the “meat broth odour” and “roasted nuts odour” descriptors which presented significant differences between geographical locations for samples from all pigs. Moreover, ripening chamber’s geographical location characteristics and the initial composition of the raw material seemed to influence the content of some odour-active compounds. The odour-active compound identified as octane/acetone and isobutanol were conditioned by the ripening chamber’s geographical location, while decanal/2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 1-undecanol, 2-furanmethanol and cis-2-nonenal were also influenced by the individual pig itself. This study showed that slight climatological differences due to the location of the ripening chamber seem to have somewhat of an influence on the aromatic profile.

Foreign-Trained Physicians in the United States: A Descriptive Profile.

More than a quarter of physicians in the United States are international medical graduates (IMGs). This statistic, although large, does not fully capture the importance of IMGs in certain specialties and locations. We provide a comprehensive profile of IMGs documenting where and in what specialties they work and how these distributions have changed over time. Estimates show that IMGs disproportionately work in densely populated, low-income communities with sicker residents and low physician density. IMGs are overrepresented in primary care and the lowest paying specialties, and their concentration in these specialties is growing. Calculations show that U.S. medical graduates exit the workforce at 2.5 times the exit rate of IMGs suggesting that in the near future IMGs will likely provide care for an increasingly larger share of Americans.

Olive Oil Sensory Analysis as a Tool to Preserve and Valorize the Heritage of Centenarian Olive Trees.

In inland areas of Portugal and some regions of the Mediterranean basin, olive production is based on traditional olive groves, with low intensification, local cultivars, aged plants, and centenarian trees. These plants play a key role in the ecosystem, contributing to carbon sequestration and possessing a high genetic diversity, particularly important for selecting cultivars more resistant to climatic changes. Appreciation of the value of this genetic diversity implies genetic, morphological, and physicochemical characterization of centenarian trees, which is expensive and time-consuming. Sensory evaluation is also of utmost importance. Thus, in this study, centenarian olive trees were selected in the Côa Valley region, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The descriptive sensory profile of their extracted olive oils was established and used to cluster the oils, using hierarchical clustering analysis, and consequently the olive trees, into five groups with similar intensities of perceived olfactory–gustatory attributes. Each cluster revealed olive oils with unique sensory patterns, presumably due to similarities of the olive trees, confirming the potential of the proposed screening approach. The identification of sensorially homogeneous oil-tree groups would reduce the number of specimens needed for subsequent morphological, genetic, and chemical characterization, allowing a cost-effective and robust future evaluation procedure.

Descriptive Sensory Profile and Consumer Study Impact of Different Nutritive and Non-Nutritive Sweeteners on the Descriptive, Temporal Profile, and Consumer Acceptance in a Peach Juice Matrix.

The study evaluated the effect of peach juice sweetened with sucrose, widely used non-nutritive sweeteners, the artificial sucralose, neotame blend, and the natural stevia extract with different rebaudioside A concentrations on the temporal and quantitative descriptive profile, and consumer acceptance of the beverage. The sensory profiling was determined by quantitative descriptive and time–intensity analyses. The results showed that the sweeteners neotame and sucralose present higher sweetening power, and the different rebaudioside A concentrations did not affect the sweetening power of the stevia extract. The samples sweetened with stevia with 40% and 95% of rebaudioside A were characterized by the sensory attributes bitter taste, bitter aftertaste, astringency, and black tea flavor, with a negative influence on the consumers’ acceptance. The different concentrations of rebaudioside A in stevia interfered substantially in the descriptors bitter taste and bitter aftertaste, showing that the higher the percentage of rebaudioside A, the lower bitterness of peach juice.

Flexibility, Position, and Strength of the Shoulder Complex in Pediatric and Adult Amateur Tennis Athletes.

Understanding the musculoskeletal adaptations in the shoulder complex of varying ages of tennis athletes may suggest preventive protocols and conditioning and rehabilitation programs to this population. This study aimed to generate a bilateral descriptive profile of shoulder flexibility, scapular and clavicular position, and muscle strength in pediatric and adult amateur tennis athletes. The outcome measures were compared between groups and sides. The number and percentage of athletes "at risk" according to cutoff values for shoulder range of motion (ROM) were also analyzed. Cross-sectional study. 36 pediatric and 28 adult amateur tennis athletes were tested. Outcome measures were ROM of shoulder flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation, posterior capsule tightness, pectoralis minor index (PMI), scapular upward rotation, clavicular elevation, and strength of the external rotators, serratus anterior, and lower trapezius of the dominant/nondominant sides. Pediatric athletes had greater dominant side external rotation (P = .01) and total ROM (P = .04), increased Low Flexion test (P = .01), and decreased PMI (P = .01) compared with the adults. Bilaterally, the pediatric athletes had greater dominant side external rotation ROM (P < .01) and decreased PMI (P = .002) as compared with their nondominant side, whereas the adults displayed lower values on posterior capsule tightness (P = .01) and decreased PMI (P = .02) on their dominant side compared with their nondominant side. For the remaining outcomes, no interaction effects were observed. The cutoff values for shoulder ROM showed that several athletes were "at risk" of shoulder problems. Upper extremity adaptations at the shoulder are present in both pediatric and adult tennis athletes. These data can assist clinicians in better understanding the biomechanical adaptations in the shoulder of amateur tennis athletes in different age groups.

Clinical Profile of COVID-19 Patients in Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital

Background: The coronavirus COVID-19, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome and patients’ mortality in considerable proportion, has affected 220 countries. There was no description of the clinical profiles such as demography (sex, age), and co-morbidities of COVID-19 patients in Eastern Region of Afghanistan, comprising Nangarhar, Nuristan, Kunar, and Laghman provinces. A vast majority of patients from these areas refer to Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital for health issues. Therefore, the researchers compiled a descriptive profile of the patients from this particular area. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive record based study of Medical Ward, Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital. The number of profiled patients was 50, with age over 18 years old. The patient's samples were sent to Nangarhar Public Health Hospital for confirmation in Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for SARS-CoV-2 examination. Findings: Out of 50 COVID-19 affected patients, 68% were females and 32% were males. The mean age was (53±17). According to the clinical profiles, 8% had no symptoms and most common ones were fever (80%), cough (60%) and dyspnea (10%). The major comorbidities were respiratory disease (56%), hypertension (38%), Diabetes Mellitus (16%), Heart Failure (12%), obesity (10%) and chronic kidney disease (4%). Conclusion: The study concluded that the event was more common in females and aged persons than males and young patients. Fever was obviously common among all the identified patients. COVID-19 was severe in patients with respiratory diseases and hypertension.

Lateralized tau deposition and speech, language, and cognition: A descriptive case report

AbstractBackgroundAsymmetric binding patterns in tau PET imaging are sometimes observed, but less is known about how this asymmetry might explain clinical phenotypes and AD variants, especially in a longitudinal context. Previous work has demonstrated that unilateral tau deposition in left frontal and temporal regions is common in logopenic progressive aphasia (lvPPA), an atypical AD variant. This work presents two descriptive case studies of participants with opposing laterality of [18F]MK‐6240, a PET radioligand for AD neurofibrillary tangles.MethodTwo participants from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (WRAP), an ongoing, longitudinal cohort study of late middle‐aged adults enriched for AD risk, were identified based on unilateral MK‐6240 deposition. Topographic amyloid and tau burden was assessed with [11C]PiB and [18F]MK‐6240 PET imaging, respectively. Demographic data, cognitive diagnoses, health histories, and APOE status are described. Longitudinal neuropsychological assessments and digitally recorded connected speech samples were analyzed to create a descriptive profile of cognition and connected speech‐language (CSL). Cognitive test scores and language measures were then compared against the scores of the full WRAP sample, using a robust normative approach previously described by our group.ResultMK‐6240 tau‐PET imaging revealed right‐lateralized tau in Participant A and left‐lateralized tau in Participant B (Figure 1). Participants were identical on all demographics except age and APOE risk of developing AD (though both participants were ApoE‐4 allele carriers) (Table 1). Cognitive assessment Z‐scores (0=mean of demographically similar cognitively stable WRAP participants; Figs 2‐4) depict considerable between visit variability for Participant A on all measures, including language and CSL, with decline from baseline on all but letter fluency. Participant B showed isolated baseline deficits on memory tests (AVLT and story recall) at two standard deviations below the mean, which declined further across visits, whereas performances on Trails, naming, category fluency, and all measures of CSL remained stable and within normal expectations.ConclusionIn this case study, right&gt;left tau PET signal was associated with greater decline in language, particularly connected speech and naming. Future work will examine associations between volumetric MRI and asymmetric regional tau deposition, as well as additional relationships to language and cognition.

Alteration of Resting Electroencephalography by Acute Caffeine Consumption in Early Phase Psychosis.

Individuals with schizophrenia use twice as much caffeine on average when compared to healthy controls. Knowing the high rates of consumption, and the potential negative effects of such, it is important we understand the cortical mechanisms that underlie caffeine use, and the consequences of caffeine use on neural circuits in this population. Using a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind, repeated measures design, the current study examines caffeine's effects on resting electroencephalography (EEG) power in those who have been recently diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ) compared to regular-using healthy controls (HC). Correlations between average caffeine consumption, withdrawal symptoms, drug related symptoms and clinical psychosis symptoms were measured and significant correlations with neurophysiological data were examined. Results showed caffeine had no effect on alpha asymmetry in the SZ group, although caffeine produced a more global effect on the reduction of alpha2 power in the SZ group. Further, those with more positive symptoms were found to have a greater reduction in alpha2 power following caffeine administration. Caffeine also reduced beta power during eyes closed and eyes open resting in HC, but only during eyes closed resting conditions in the SZ group. These findings provide a descriptive profile of the resting EEG state following caffeine administration in individuals with schizophrenia. The findings ultimately suggest caffeine does not affect alpha or beta power as readily in this population and a higher dose may be needed to achieve the desired effects, which may elucidate motivational factors for high caffeine use.

Effect of a community-based lifestyle intervention programme on quality of life among German women

Abstract Background Quality of life is an important concept in the field of health, which can be influenced by various lifestyle factors. The objective was to test if a community-based lifestyle programme would beneficially affect the health-related quality of life of German women. Methods The controlled intervention study had a total duration of 24 months. Quality of life (EQ-5D-3L), anthropometrics, vital and blood parameters as well as diagnosed diseases and health economic parameters were collected at baseline (t0), after 10 weeks (t1) and after 6 months (t2). For the intervention group (n = 65) a 10-week intensive lifestyle programme followed by monthly alumni meetings were conducted. The intensive phase consisted of 14 consecutive seminars about a healthy lifestyle, which focused on a plant-based diet, physical activity, stress management and community support. The control group (n = 35) received no intervention. Results The first descriptive health profile results of the subgroup analysis showed that 59% women of the intervention group at t0 (t1: 37%; t2: 48%) and 60% of the control group at t0 (t1: 54%; t2: 49%) reported problems in at least one of the EQ-5D dimensions (mobility, selfcare, activities, pain, and anxiety). A significant difference in EQ VAS change between women in intervention (7,15 [95% CI 4,32; 9,98]; EQ VAS t0: 75,35 [SD 13,71]) and control group (-2,63 [95% CI -5,40; 0,15]; EQ VAS t0: 78,80 [SD 18,51]) from t0 to t1 was observed (p &amp;lt; 001; adjusted for baseline). No significant differences in mean EQ VAS change from t0 to t2 and in mean EQ-5D index change from t0 to t1 and t0 to t2 between the groups were observed (p &amp;gt; 0,05; adjusted for baseline). Conclusions The preliminary results suggest that the lifestyle intervention programme can have a positive short-time effect on some aspects of quality of life, such as the health profile and EQ VAS. However, the long-term results will be shown in the future. Key messages A healthy lifestyle can affect the quality of life in a positive way. The community-based lifestyle programme had a short-time influence on the descriptive health profile and EQ VAS of German women, whereby the EQ index didńt change significantly between the groups.

Comparison of semiology in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures or with epilepsy in Puerto Rico

PurposeThe aims of this study were to develop a descriptive profile of patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) in Puerto Rico who have been evaluated using an epilepsy monitoring unit. The other aim was to establish comparisons between the clinical manifestation of PNES and events of generalized epilepsy (GE). MethodA retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the information of patients who passed through the Epilepsy Unit in Caguas, Puerto Rico. In the first phase, sociodemographic information of 100 patients with PNES was collected. In the second phase, a sample of 51 cases was obtained; 37 cases with a final diagnosis of PNES and 14 cases with the diagnosis of GE. Observations were made with the objective of viewing and comparing the semiology and clinical manifestation presented through video encephalograms (vEEG) in both subsamples. ResultsPatients with PNES and epilepsy demonstrated different semiological patterns. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures is predominant in females (95%). Most patients with epilepsy presented a relatively short seizure (<2 min) compared with patients with PNES (79% vs. 46%). Patients with epilepsy showed a slow return to their baseline manifestation (100% vs. 11%). Specifically, having their eyes closed, extreme asynchronous limb movements, and rigidity were statistically significant. ConclusionThese findings provide evidence that the semiology of patients with PNES is different from those displaying an epileptic seizure. This study supports the idea that the semiology of Latino patients with PNES is similar to the characteristics reported in other countries.

Injury profiles of Australian football players across five, women's and girls' competition levels

ObjectivesTo describe injury profiles of Australian football players and explore trends across five, women's and girls' competition levels. DesignProspective cohort study. MethodsInjuries were prospectively recorded by team personnel across one or two seasons of Australian football (2017–18 and/or 2018–19) including five, women's and girls' competition levels (elite senior, non-elite senior, high-level junior, non-elite junior (14–17 years), and non-elite junior (10–13 years)). Injury incidence rates were calculated per 1000 h and injury prevalence calculated for pre-season, early-season, mid-season, and late-season. Descriptive statistics present injury profiles according to activity, body region, pathology, mechanism, and severity. ResultsFrom the 392 included players, 760 injuries were recorded. Overall injury incidence was 20.9 injuries per 1000 h. Injury prevalence was highest during pre-season (64.1%). Most injuries were to the lower extremity (n = 440; 58.0%). Ligament/joint sprain injuries were common (n = 147, 19.3%). Several injuries resulted from contact mechanisms (n = 314, 61.4%), with many due to contact with another player (n = 131, 52.8%). Injuries resulting in time lost from participation were common (n = 444, 58.9%). Competition level injury trends were observed, with elite senior (125.1 injuries per 1000 h) and high-level junior (116.9 injuries per 1000 h) players having greater match injury incidence compared to their non-elite counterparts (15.5–41.4 injuries per 1000 h). ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary insight into injury profiles of Australian football players in women's and girls' competitions. These findings can drive future injury risk reduction research specific to this population across the developmental pathway.

STRATEGIES FOR ORGANISING AND MANAGING RESEARCH AT UNIVERSITIES: SYSTEMIC REVIEW

The purpose of the study was to identify and synthesise the interventions used to build the strategies for organising and managing research at universities that can be feasible in Ukraine. To achieve this purpose we provided a descriptive profile of the interventions and strategies used at universities to organise and manage research, rather than the detailed examination of substantive research results. The method of descriptive content analysis was applied to analyse empirical, experimental, review, conceptual, and commentary sources revealing strategies of organising and managing research at universities. The growth and corporate type strategies are dominant at universities, particularly in the USA and EU. The universities mainly seek cost-effective research opportunities that can help the institutions build a strong international brand. The policy of institutional strategic research management aimed at cooperation in research with other sectors seems to be the most feasible and appropriate for the Ukrainian research management context. Creating project management communities was found to be the second most feasible and appropriate strategy of organising and managing the university research in Ukraine. Financial criterion dominates in assessing the interventions for building a strategy of organising and managing research at universities. The university research can be stimulated at the state level through a demand-oriented reform that is aimed at reshaping the management of personnel, talent selection system, and personnel assessment.

Profiling persons reported missing from hospitals versus mental health facilities

Missing person reports from hospitals and mental health facilities are a significant issue impacting patients, communities, and health and police sectors. Research on missing persons seldom considers the type of location from where people go missing, which can be troublesome due to the increased chances for experiencing harm during an episode from hospitals and mental health facilities. When location type is studied, these often remarkably different places are frequently blended together in analyses and discussions. This conflation has implications for research and the development of effective police preventive responses. To begin to address this gap, this study uses descriptive analysis and logistic regression to examine the descriptive and predictive profiles of those reported missing from hospitals versus those reported missing from mental health units. For this, data are taken from a sample of 916 closed missing person cases reported to a Canadian municipal police service over five years. Results suggest there are significant differences in both the descriptive and predictive profiles of individuals reported missing from these two location types, such as individuals with varying mental health and cognitive issues going missing from each place, respectively. Given the findings, the implications for research, policing, and risk management are discussed.