Narrative Description Research Articles

Contribution of youth sport participation to physical activity levels and cardiovascular disease risk factors in 5-year-old to 14-year-old children: a study protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for 18 million deaths per year, disproportionately burdens under-represented racial and ethnic groups, and has economic costs greater than any other health condition. Participation in youth...

Epidemiological Burden of Neurotrauma in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of 45,763 Patients

Neurotrauma is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. We conducted this systematic review to generate nationally generalizable reference data for the country. Four research databases and gray literature sources were electronically searched. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions and Cochrane's risk of bias tools. Descriptive analysis, narrative synthesis, and statistical analysis (via paired t-tests and χ2 independence tests) were performed on relevant article metrics (α=0.05). We identified a cohort of 45,763 patients from 254 articles. The overall risk of bias was moderate to high. Most articles employed retrospective cohort study designs (37.4%) and were published during the last 2decades (81.89%). The cohort's average age was 32.5years (standard deviation, 20.2) with a gender split of ∼3 males per female. Almost 90% of subjects were diagnosed with traumatic brain injury, with road traffic accidents (68.6%) being the greatest cause. Altered consciousness (48.4%) was the most commonly reported clinical feature. Computed tomography (53.5%) was the most commonly used imaging modality, with skull (25.7%) and vertebral fracture (14.1%) being the most common radiological findings for traumatic brain injury and traumatic spinal injury, respectively. Two-thirds of patients were treated nonoperatively. Outcomes were favorable in 63.7% of traumatic brain injury patients, but in only 20.9% of traumatic spinal injury patients. Pressure sores, infection, and motor deficits were the most commonly reported complications in the latter. This systematic review and pooled analysis demonstrate the significant burden of neurotrauma across Nigeria.

Evaluation of Financial Interventions in Breast Cancer Care Worldwide: A Systematic Review.

Out-of-pocket costs are burdensome for breast cancer patients. Cost-reducing interventions, though implemented, have unclear comparative efficacy. This study aimed to critically evaluate characteristics of successful versus unsuccessful interventions designed to decrease out-of-pocket costs for breast cancer patients. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA checklist. Embase, PubMed, Global Index Medicus, and Global Health were queried from inception to February 2021. Articles describing a financial intervention targeting costs for breast cancer screening, diagnosis, or treatment and addressing clinical or patient-level financial outcomes were included. Methodological quality was evaluated using the QualSyst tool. Interventions were organized in accordance with timing of implementation, with narrative description of intervention type, success, and outcomes. Of the 11,086 articles retrieved, 21 were included in this review. Of these, 14 consisted of interventions during screening, and seven during diagnosis or treatment. Free/subsidized screening mammography was the most common screening intervention; 91% of these programs documented successful outcomes. Patient navigation and gift voucher programs demonstrated mixed success. The most successful intervention implemented during diagnosis/treatment was reducing medication costs. Low-cost programs and direct patient financial assistance were also successful. Limitations included lack of standardization in outcome metrics across studies. Financial interventions reducing prices through free screening mammography and decreasing medication costs were most successful. Less successful interventions were not contextually tailored, including gift card incentivization and low-cost treatment modalities. These findings can facilitate implementation of broader, more generalizable programs to reduce costs and improve outcomes during evaluation and management of breast cancer.

‘How long do you think?’ Unresponsive dying patients in a specialist palliative care service: A consecutive cohort study

Background: Predicting length of time to death once the person is unresponsive and deemed to be dying remains uncertain. Knowing approximately how many hours or days dying loved ones have left is crucial for families and clinicians to guide decision-making and plan end-of-life care. Aim: To determine the length of time between becoming unresponsive and death, and whether age, gender, diagnosis or location-of-care predicted length of time to death. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Time from allocation of an Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Status (AKPS) 10 to death was analysed using descriptive narrative. Interval-censored survival analysis was used to determine the duration of patient’s final phase of life, taking into account variation across age, gender, diagnosis and location of death. Setting/participants: A total of 786 patients, 18 years of age or over, who received specialist palliative care: as hospice in-patients, in the community and in aged care homes, between January 1st and October 31st, 2022. Results: The time to death after a change to AKPS 10 is 2 days (n = 382; mean = 2.1; median = 1). Having adjusted for age, cancer, gender, the standard deviation of AKPS for the 7-day period prior to death, the likelihood of death within 2 days is 47%, with 84% of patients dying within 4 days. Conclusion: This study provides valuable new knowledge to support clinicians’ confidence when responding to the ‘how long’ question and can inform decision-making at end-of-life. Further research using the AKPS could provide greater certainty for answering ‘how long’ questions across the illness trajectory.

Khat consumption and undernutrition among adult population in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In Ethiopia, malnutrition is a public health threat causing a significant burden of morbidity, mortality, and economic crisis. Simultaneously, khat consumption is alarmingly increasing among adults, yet it might contribute to the existing burden of malnutrition, where the current evidence is inconclusive. Hence, this review was to estimate the association between khat consumption and undernutrition among adults in Ethiopia. A comprehensive search for Google, Google Scholar, and PubMed, coupled with a thorough manual search of the literature, was done up to date, October 18, 2023, using relevant search terms: "impact," "effects," "khat chewing," "khat consumption," "Ethiopia," "nutritional status," and "undernutrition." An updated PRISMA guideline was used to select relevant literature. The extracted data was summarized in narrative summaries, descriptions, and meta-analyses. The risk of bias was assessed. The results are presented in forest plots and funnel plots to assess publication bias. A pooled effect size (odds ratio) with a 95% certainty level was reported. While a total of 17 articles (n = 45,679) were included in the narrative review, only 15 articles were included in the quantitative meta-analysis. The majority of studies had a low and moderate risk of bias (based on risk of bias assessment tool), mainly due to unclear exposure assessment and high study heterogeneity. A total of 11 studies were cross-sectional studies (71%), three were comparative studies (17.4%), and three were case control studies (17.4%). There is a higher risk of publication bias as evidenced by the funnel plot. Overall, five studies were from the Oromia region, and three studies were conducted at the national level. Overall, chewing had been shown to significantly increase the risk of undernutrition by 53% (pooled OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.09-2.16) under a random effect model. Under the fixed effect model, higher weight was given to national-level studies with higher samples, where chewing contributed to a 12% increased risk of undernutrition (AOR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01-2.23). Hence, khat chewing could raise the odds of undernutrition by 12-53%. There is evidence of an association between khat chewing and an increased risk of undernutrition among adults in Ethiopia, which highlights the need for public health interventions to address the potential adverse effects of khat chewing on nutritional status.

Burden and Epidemiology of Snakebite Envenoming in Tanzania

Background: Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a pressing public health issue in tropical countries. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the burden and epidemiology of SBE in Tanzania, undermining advocacy and the implementation of necessary prevention and control measures. Methods: From June to September 2022, both health facility-based and community-based survey was conducted to collect data of the snakebite incidents that occurred between 2017 and 2021 in five regions of Tanzania; Pwani, Manyara, Tabora, Katavi, and Ruvuma. Data were analysed using STATA and summarized by tables and narrative descriptions. Results: A total of 869 snakebite incidents were registered, resulting in 18 deaths. The estimated annual incidence, and mortality rates were 105.6, and 2.2 per 100,000 people, respectively. Pwani and Tabora regions exhibited a higher proportion of cases, accounting for 26% (226) and 23.4% (203) respectively. Males constituted the majority of cases, representing 52.5% (456), and individuals aged 10 to 59 years were most affected, accounting for approximately 85% of cases. The incidents commonly occurred during agricultural activities (31.5% or 219 cases) and while walking on rural roads (32% or 221 cases). Furthermore, snakebites were more prevalent during the dry season (34% or 295 cases) and the rainy season (25% or 218 cases). Factors such as time of day, season, circumstances/activities, occupation, age, and education level were found to be significantly associated with snakebite incidents. Conclusion: This study underscore the significant impact of SBE in Tanzania, affecting individuals of all age groups, particularly farmers. Urgent collaborative efforts are required to address and mitigate the consequences of SBE in the country.

The role of acquired host immunity in periodontal diseases.

The aim of this narrative review is to relate the contribution of European researchers to the complex topic of the host immune system in periodontal disease, focusing on acquired immunity. Other chapters in this volume will address the genetics and autoantibody responses and other forms of immunity to periodontal disease. While the contribution of European authors is the focus, global literature is included in this descriptive narrative for contextual clarity, albeit many with European co-authors. The topic is relatively intense and is thus broken down into sections outlined below, tackled as descriptive narratives to enhance understanding. Any attempt at a systematic or scoping review was quickly abandoned given the descriptive nature and marked variation of approach in almost all publications. Even the most uniform area of this acquired periodontal immunology literature, antibody responses to putative pathogens in periodontal diseases, falls short of common structures and common primary outcome variables one would need and expect in clinical studies, where randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) abound. Addressing 'the host's role' in immunity immediately requires a discussion of host susceptibility, which necessitates consideration of genetic studies (covered elsewhere in the volume and superficially covered here).

Sexist, Racist, and Homophobic Violence against Paramedics in a Single Canadian Site.

Violence against paramedics is widely recognized as a serious, but underreported, problem. While injurious physical attacks on paramedics are generally reported, non-physical violence is less likely to be documented. Verbal abuse can be very distressing, particularly if the harassment targets personal or cultural identities, such as race, ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation. Leveraging a novel, point-of-event reporting process, our objective was to estimate the prevalence of harassment on identity grounds against paramedics in a single paramedic service in Ontario, Canada, and assess its potentially differential impact on emotional distress. In an analysis of 502 reports filed between 1 February 2021 and 28 February 2022, two paramedic supervisors independently coded the free-text narrative descriptions of violent encounters for themes suggestive of sexism, racism, and homophobia. We achieved high inter-rater agreement across the dimensions (k = 0.73-0.83), and after resolving discrepant cases, we found that one in four violent reports documented abuse on at least one of the identity grounds. In these cases, paramedics were 60% more likely to indicate being emotionally distressed than for other forms of violence. Our findings offer unique insight into the type of vitriol paramedics experience over the course of their work and its potential for psychological harm.

WARALABA SEBAGAI PELUANG BARU DALAM DUNIA WIRAUSAHA

Franchising is a new choice in the development of the business world amid the development of industry 5.0. Franchising is developed a business system in which a brand owner or company (franchisor) gives the right to another party (franchisee) to sell products or services using a trademark, operational system, and support that has been proven successful This research uses a quantitative approach with data collection using literature studies. researchers explore various available sources of information, such as journal articles, textbooks, and other related documents. Data analysis was carried out by data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. Presentation of the analysed data is done in a descriptive narrative that is adjusted to the level of the researcher's ability. The results of the study show that franchising is currently an option for prospective entrepreneurs. Franchising as an entrepreneurial business model offers advantages such as support from the franchisor, access to a recognised brand, and flexibility, but its success depends on a SWOT analysis that includes brand strength, franchisor support, expansion opportunities, and competitive threats. Factors such as brand quality, franchisor support, efficient management, innovation and the role of government regulation also influence the success of franchising, with complex social, economic and environmental impacts, but with attention to all these aspects, franchising can be an engine of inclusive and sustainable growth in Indonesia.

Language assessment in persons with aphasia early after thrombolysis: the utility of multilevel procedures of discourse analysis

ABSTRACT Background Clinical guidelines recommend the administration of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator thrombolytic treatment to persons who suffered ischemic stroke within 4,5 hours since onset. However, the available evidence on the potential improvement of language after thrombolysis is still scanty. Aims This study assessed the effect of thrombolytic treatment in language recovery in persons with stroke aphasia (PWA) comparing the efficacy of traditional language assessments and a multilevel procedure of discourse analysis applied to the Cookie Theft picture descriptions taken from the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Methods and procedures Fortyeight individuals participated in the study: sixteen PWA who received thrombolysis; sixteen PWA who did not receive it; sixteen healthy controls. The two groups of PWA were balanced in terms of age, education, gender, lateralization of the lesion, and stroke severity. They were administered the NIHSS and a bedside language assessment battery when entering the neurological clinic (T0) and after approximately 72 hours (T1). Their narrative discourse descriptions were analyzed with a multilevel procedure for discourse analysis. Outcomes and results The two groups of PWA had similar linguistic difficulties at T0 as reflected by comparable Composite Verbal Scores and performance on traditional linguistic bedside assessment (Aphasia PostStroke Acute Assessment test; Furlanis et al., 2018). Discourse analysis highlighted the presence of more omissions of function words and errors of cohesion in the PWA who would receive thrombolysis with respect to healthy controls and allowed for the identification, in both groups, of difficulties that could not be detected through a traditional assessment. At T1 the analyses showed the presence of improvements likely reflecting a generalized spontaneous recovery in both groups of PWA and a more specific recovery triggered by thrombolysis concerning the production of global coherence errors in treated patients only. An inspection of the gravity of the linguistic symptoms at the individual level revealed high interindividual variability in this early phase suggesting that thrombolysis reduced the severity of the impairment also in the production of informative words. Conclusions Thrombolysis reduces the gravity of some linguistic symptoms within a few hours after treatment. Multilevel procedures of discourse analysis can identify these subtle improvements.

STRATIFICATION OF THE CLINICAL CONDITION OF ASTHMATIC PATIENTS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT

Asthma is a chronic disease, arising from contact with na allergen that induces na inflammatory response, which affects part of the respiratory tract, in a genetically predisposed individual. The dissemination of new studies occurs constantly, which contributes to updating the topic, while new information is added. Therefore, the objective of this work was to describe, based on a bibliographic review, the stratification of the clinical picture of asthma, highlighting its pathophysiological aspects. To this end, na integrative review was carried out using data from the aforementioned platforms. To present the results obtained, a narrative description was made, associated with explanatory tables, which briefly presents the main works used for this study. Likewise, the objective of this work was further explored in the “Discussion” topic, organized based on the selected sources. Therefore, the information presented in this review can be taken into consideration by future researchers who wish to update themselves on the topic of asthma, with a focus on stratifying the clinical picture of asthma and appropriate treatment.

Palliative care needs of people and/or their families with serious and/or chronic health conditions in low- or middle-income country (LMIC) humanitarian settings—a systematic scoping review protocol

BackgroundPalliative care in low- or middle-income country (LMIC) humanitarian settings is a new area, experiencing a degree of increased momentum over recent years. The review contributes to this growing body of knowledge, in addition to identifying gaps for future research. The overall aim is to systematically explore the evidence on palliative care needs of patients and/or their families in LMIC humanitarian settings.MethodsArksey and O’Malley’s (Int J Soc Res Methodol. 8:19-32, 2005) scoping review framework forms the basis of the study design, following further guidance from Levac et al. (Implement Sci 5:1-9, 2010), the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Peters et al. (JBI Reviewer’s Manual JBI: 406-452, 2020), and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) from Tricco et al. (Ann Intern Med 169:467-73, 2018). This incorporates a five-step approach and the population, concept, and context (PCC) framework. Using already identified key words/terms, searches for both published research and gray literature from January 2012 to October 2022 will be undertaken using databases (likely to include Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, Scopus, Applied Social Science Index and s (ASSIA), Web of Science, Policy Commons, JSTOR, Library Network International Monetary Fund and World Bank, Google Advanced Search, and Google Scholar) in addition to selected pre-print sites and websites. Data selection will be undertaken based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and will be reviewed at each stage by two reviewers, with a third to resolve any differences. Extracted data will be charted in a table. Ethical approval is not required for this review.DiscussionFindings will be presented in tables and diagrams/charts, followed by a narrative description. The review will run from late October 2022 to early 2023. This is the first systematic scoping review specifically exploring the palliative care needs of patients and/or their family, in LMIC humanitarian settings. The paper from the review findings will be submitted for publication in 2023.

Corticosteroids for the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: an overview of systematic reviews.

Corticosteroids for the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: an overview of systematic reviews.

Create the Taxonomy for Unintentional Insider Threat via Text Mining and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis

The unintentional activities of system users can jeopardize the confidentiality, integrity, and assurance of data on information systems. These activities, known as unintentional insider threat activities, account for a significant percentage of data breaches. A method to mitigate or prevent this threat is using smart systems or artificial intelligence (AI). The construction of an AI requires the development of a taxonomy of activities. The literature review focused on data breach threats, mitigation tools, taxonomy usage in cybersecurity, and taxonomy development using Endnote and Google Scholar. This study aims to develop a taxonomy of unintentional insider threat activities based on narrative descriptions of the breach events in public data breach databases. The public databases were from the California Department of Justice, US Health and Human Services, and Verizon, resulting in 1850 examples of human errors. A taxonomy was constructed to specify the dimensions and characteristics of objects. Text mining and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to create the taxonomy, indicating a quantitative approach. Ward’s agglomeration coefficient was used to ensure the cluster was valid. The resulting top-level taxonomy categories are application errors, communication errors, inappropriate data permissions, lost media, and misconfigurations.

MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA MELALUI IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM LITERASI DI MIN 1 GRESIK

This research was carried out because based on the results of observations, the researcher found that the reading ability of students in the MIN 1 Gresik educational institution was known to still not meet the indicators of students' reading ability in general, this case was highlighted a lot from the lower class. Researchers feel interested in this case and want to examine in depth the case that occurred at MIN 1 Gresik. Researchers want to provide an in-depth understanding of this research through a narrative description of the research results using data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation, later the data will be analyzed through data reduction techniques, data presentation and conclusion drawing based on the theory of miles and huberman with the subject of students who take part in the literacy program at MIN 1 Gresik. Based on the results of the study, researchers found that: 1) The implementation of the literacy program at MIN 1 Gresik 2) students after being given treatment in the form of implementing a literacy program have improved in reading skills, while this program has a fairly good strategy implemented by the madrasah, especially the Head of Madrasah, Class Teachers and Literacy Teachers, collaboration between parties and also communication with student guardians is a supporting basis in improving students' reading skills.

Eksistensi Radio Melalui Konvergensi Siaran di Era Digital

Radio is a communication medium that must now be able to compete with new media which is currently increasingly massive. The aim of this research is to find out how national private broadcast radio in West Java is able to maintain its existence and the strategies it implements to continue to exist amidst competition with digital information platforms that currently exist. Research respondents were managers of local radio stations in West Java, especially those in Bandung, Cimahi, Sukabumi and Cirebon. This research uses qualitative methods by describing the result of questioners and interviewing and then processing them in the form of descriptive narratives and pie diagram. The results of this research are that almost all private broadcast radio stations in the West Java region that were respondents implemented a convergence strategy to maintain their existence and made changes to their broadcast model management. Some of the convergence strategies implemented are broadcasting via digital streaming, creating more interesting broadcast program content with an audio-visual style such as podcasts, choosing broadcasters who have popularity and character, upgrading broadcast equipment, having social media as a branding and content publication medium, and upload content to YouTube media. This convergence strategy is also carried out to increase interest and the number of advertisers so that they can continue to choose radio as a medium for marketing the products and services offered more widely and in a contemporary style.

PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN WISATA DANAU KELIMUTU Studi Efektivitas Pada Balai Taman Nasional Kelimutu Kabupaten Ende

The achievement of the set goals or objectives in any organization, activity or program, if achieved by a particular method, depends largely on the approach by which those goals or objectives are achieved. Starawaj's theory with Martin and Lubis, whose size includes six indicators, including program success, objective success, program satisfaction, baseline approach, process approach, and goal approach, is the basis for measuring development effectiveness. This study used qualitative methodologies and descriptive narrative to describe the study findings. Efficiency theory can be used as a reference point for the successful development of Kelimutujärvi to achieve the goals based on the results of the study, although according to it the development is at the level of sustainable development. Proper development requires effective procedures, such as development through well-targeted programs.

Learning achievement in purposive communication of ESL college students: A blended learning approach

With the ongoing studies of blended learning in different areas, the study contrasts blended learning with online classes by analyzing pre/post-test scores, grades, and activity scores, indicating blended learning might offer superior outcomes. Additionally, it explores college students’ experiences in a blended learning class, providing insights into its effectiveness and areas for improvement. Participants are engineering students from Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Camarines Sur, Philippines, which includes 45 participants for each group (controlled and experimental groups). The study was based on a triangulation approach of integrating Independent Samples T-test and Multiple Regression Analysis for quantitative data and semi-structured interviews for qualitative insights. Accordingly, certain activities were crucial in improving non-verbal communication, persuasive writing, and research skills that led to confidence build-up and improved students’ performances. Narrative descriptions give more enlightening information about boosted confidence and better presentation competence due to better communication skills. Writing skills go a long way in improving students’ academic achievement, and Research and writing practices are essential skills that help students achieve higher grades. Integrating the qualitative narratives and quantitative results adds credibility to the study since it gives a different perspective on the blended learning environment. The recommendations to instructors and instructional designers call for blending unique instruction methods, multimedia content, and individualized feedback options. It is also advised to make pedagogical revisions for less impactful activities and provide customized exercises to build student confidence. Finally, this study illustrates the transformative capabilities of blended learning to enhance ESL teaching practice. The insights deepen pedagogue practices and broadly contribute to ongoing discussions around effective ESL education strategies toward better learning.

Shadowing Stroke Patients to Explore the Rehabilitation Built Environment: Approach, Insights, and Lessons Learned.

Shadowing is a research method that combines observing events and short on-the-go interviews to investigate people's roles and behaviours in various settings. Even though it is not a widely used method in architectural research, it can be adapted to focus on the interaction of individuals with the built environment. This is especially important in healthcare environments, where people are vulnerable and more dependent on their surroundings. In this article, I reflect on the experience of adapting and using the shadowing method to explore stroke inpatients' interactions with the built environment during their recovery in rehabilitation centres. This research study was the first to employ shadowing in the stroke patient population on such a large scale. One day (12 consecutive hours) was spent with each of the 70 participating stroke inpatients, recording their interactions with the built environment in different forms - on the floor plans, as narrative descriptions, creating sketches of situations and noting down patients' remarks. This method was useful in capturing the built environment's role in patients' daily experiences in rehabilitation centres. Research in healthcare facilities includes various challenges, and close contact with the patient population of older adults with stroke introduces numerous unexpected events and ethical dilemmas in the field. At the same time, this method provides research insights that would otherwise be unobtainable. Researchers are given practical information and recommendations on how to prepare for using shadowing for architectural research and what to expect in the field.

Progress with the Learning Health System 2.0: a rapid review of Learning Health Systems’ responses to pandemics and climate change

BackgroundPandemics and climate change each challenge health systems through increasing numbers and new types of patients. To adapt to these challenges, leading health systems have embraced a Learning Health System (LHS) approach, aiming to increase the efficiency with which data is translated into actionable knowledge. This rapid review sought to determine how these health systems have used LHS frameworks to both address the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change, and to prepare for future disturbances, and thus transition towards the LHS2.0.MethodsThree databases (Embase, Scopus, and PubMed) were searched for peer-reviewed literature published in English in the five years to March 2023. Publications were included if they described a real-world LHS’s response to one or more of the following: the COVID-19 pandemic, future pandemics, current climate events, future climate change events. Data were extracted and thematically analyzed using the five dimensions of the Institute of Medicine/Zurynski-Braithwaite’s LHS framework: Science and Informatics, Patient-Clinician Partnerships, Continuous Learning Culture, Incentives, and Structure and Governance.ResultsThe search yielded 182 unique publications, four of which reported on LHSs and climate change. Backward citation tracking yielded 13 additional pandemic-related publications. None of the climate change-related papers met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-two publications were included after full-text review. Most were case studies (n = 12, 38%), narrative descriptions (n = 9, 28%) or empirical studies (n = 9, 28%). Science and Informatics (n = 31, 97%), Continuous Learning Culture (n = 26, 81%), Structure and Governance (n = 23, 72%) were the most frequently discussed LHS dimensions. Incentives (n = 21, 66%) and Patient-Clinician Partnerships (n = 18, 56%) received less attention. Twenty-nine papers (91%) discussed benefits or opportunities created by pandemics to furthering the development of an LHS, compared to 22 papers (69%) that discussed challenges.ConclusionsAn LHS 2.0 approach appears well-suited to responding to the rapidly changing and uncertain conditions of a pandemic, and, by extension, to preparing health systems for the effects of climate change. LHSs that embrace a continuous learning culture can inform patient care, public policy, and public messaging, and those that wisely use IT systems for decision-making can more readily enact surveillance systems for future pandemics and climate change-related events.Trial registrationPROSPERO pre-registration: CRD42023408896.