Descriptive Correlational Study Research Articles

Exploring the linkages between social media use, self-esteem, and academic performance among nursing students in Saudi Arabia: A descriptive correlational study.

The prevalence of social media influence in education makes it necessary to investigate how it might affect nursing students' academic achievement and sense of self. To our knowledge, the associations between academic performance, self-esteem, and social media usage among nursing students from Saudi Arabia remain understudied. This study aimed to examine the relationships between academic performance, self-esteem, and the utilization of social media platforms by Saudi Arabian nursing students. This descriptive correlational study employed a convenience sample of 220 nursing students (response rate 95.2%). An online survey with questions about demographics, students' academic performance, social media usage, and self-esteem was used for data collection from 1 March to May 2023. Pearson correlation coefficients, independent t-tests, Analysis of Variance, and hierarchical regression were used for data analysis. Social media use had an average score of 3.60 ± 0.66, self-esteem was 2.13 ± 0.27, and academic performance was 3.95 ± 0.58. The students' academic performance related positively to the utilization of social media platforms (r = 0.210, p <0.01). There were statistically positive correlations between academic purpose and social motives domains of utilizing social media and academic performance (r = 0.304, p <0.01; r = 0.208, p <0.01) respectively. The amount of time students spent on social media was not related to their self-esteem (r = 0.047, p >0.05). The students' self-esteem was unrelated to their academic achievement (r = 0.059, p >0.05). Utilizing social media channels can assist nursing students in improving their academic achievement. Therefore, nursing educators and decision-makers in nursing education have the opportunity to establish collaborative learning environments by integrating social media. This approach aims to improve communication, enhance the learning experience, and ultimately improve the academic achievements of nursing students.

Moral caring competency and moral distress among Ghanaian nurses in adult care settings: A descriptive-correlational study.

Nurses in adult care settings frequently encounter moral distress due to the daily ethical obligations they must fulfill. In contrast to other healthcare professionals, nurses often grapple with a heightened frequency of moral dilemmas, resulting in increased moral distress. This study aimed to explore the levels and relationship between moral caring competency and moral distress among Ghanaian nurses in adult care settings. This quantitative study utilized a descriptive-correlational design. A multistage sampling was used to select three public hospitals. Simple random sampling was used to recruit 231 nurses from the three public hospitals. Data were collected from June to July 2023 using validated questionnaires. The study utilized frequency and percentages, mean and standard deviation, and Spearman's Correlation. The nurses had a low level of moral caring competency (M = 2.18, SD = 0.340). The composite moral distress score was 227.31, indicating a high level of moral distress among the nurses. Furthermore, there was a moderate, negative significant relationship between moral caring competency and moral distress (rs = -.474, N = 231, p <0.001). Nurses in public hospitals had limited personal cognitive, affective, and psychomotor abilities to address patient moral issues. The nurses also experience significant moral distress when delivering patient care. Furthermore, to decrease the level of moral distress, moral caring competency should be strengthened among nurses. Therefore, it is recommended that nurse administrators provide adequate organizational support and implement continuous moral training to improve nurses' moral caring competency and mitigate their moral distress. Healthcare policymakers are encouraged to develop or refine policies to navigate moral dilemmas and reduce moral distress among nurses. Future studies employing qualitative designs can explore the influence of culture on moral caring competency within the Ghanaian setting.

Effects of Social Media to the Political Attitude that Counters Misinformation

This study aimed to determine the effects of social media on the political attitude of senior high school learners, particularly in countering political misinformation. Using a descriptive correlational study method, it involved 160 senior high school students from Felix Amante Senior High School, during the academic year 2022-2023. Adapted survey questionnaires were employed to measure the data and underwent internal and external validation through the help of a panel of examiners and a group of teachers. Furthermore, the results revealed that social media plays a significant role in shaping students’ political attitudes, with both affordances and misinformation contributing to their perception of politics. Overall, the findings suggest that social media has a significant impact on the political attitudes of senior high school students, which underscores the importance of educating students on how to critically evaluate the information they encounter on social media.

Relationship between learning styles and clinical competency in nursing students

BackgroundThe acquisition of clinical competence is considered the ultimate goal of nursing education programs. This study explored the relationship between learning styles and clinical competency in undergraduate nursing students.MethodsA descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2023 with 276 nursing students from the second to sixth semesters at Abhar School of Nursing, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, Kolb’s learning styles, and Meretoja’s clinical competence assessments completed online by participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16, employing descriptive statistics and inferential tests (independent T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation) at a significance level 0.05.ResultsThe predominant learning styles among nursing students were divergent (31.2%), and the least common was convergent (18.4%). The overall clinical competency score was 77.25 ± 12.65. Also, there was a significant relationship between learning styles and clinical competency, so the clinical competency of students with accommodative and converging learning styles was higher. (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results of this study showed the association between learning styles and clinical competence in nursing students. It is recommended that educational programs identify talented students and provide workshops tailored to strengthen various learning styles associated with enhanced clinical competence.

The relationship between received and perceived social support with ways of coping in nurses.

Stress is inevitable in the nursing profession, and ways of coping are one of the solutions to reduce stress. Social support is one of the influencing factors on coping strategies, but there is probably a difference between the effects of received or perceived social support on coping strategies. The aim was to investigate the relationship between received and perceived social support with ways of coping in nurses. This is a cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study. The sample consisted of 292 nurses by simple random sampling. The data collection tool included Zimmet's multidimensional perceived social support scale, McCain and Marklin's perceived social support questionnaire, and Lazarus' ways of coping questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests in SPSS v.22. The results showed that received social support (β= 0.20, p < 0.001) and perceived social support (β= 0.35, p < 0.001) are able to explain changes in the dimension of seeking social support. Received social support (β= 0.16, p = 0.005) and perceived social support (β= 0.22, p < 0.001) are able to explain changes after positive reappraisal, but only received social support could explain changes in accepting responsibility (β= 0.15, p = 0.01). This study showed that received and perceived social support have a significant correlation with ways of coping, but only able to explain the changes in social support seeking dimensions, positive reappraisal, accepting responsibility. Both types of social support are necessary, but that received social support covered more adaptive coping strategies.

Effects of workplace incivility and workload on nurses' work attitude: The mediating effect of burnout.

The study's aim was to examine how workplace incivility and workload influence nurses' work attitudes (turnover intention, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment) using the stress-strain-outcome framework. There is a lack of comprehensive research on the combined effects of workplace incivility and workload on nurses' work attitudes. Two workplace stressors, incivility and workload, were hypothesized to lead to burnout, which in turn influences nurses' work attitudes. A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study was conducted. Survey data were collected from 1,255 direct care nurses with a minimum of 6 months' nursing experiences in 34 general hospitals across Korea. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model. This study is reported using the STROBE checklist. As hypothesized, both workplace incivility and workload increased burnout. Heightened burnout correlated with increased turnover intention, lowered job satisfaction, and reduced organizational commitment. While workplace incivility impacted these outcomes both directly and indirectly via its effect on burnout, workload influenced the outcomes solely through burnout. The study's findings are based on one, nonrandomized sample of nurses working at South Korean hospitals. Despite such study limitations, the study findings support the adverse impact of two workplace stressors on burnout and nurses' work attitudes. Evidence-informed interventions for both workplace stressors include training programs, clear policy guidelines, open communication channels, and supportive work environments. Zero tolerance and equity, diversity and inclusivity policies to promote workplace civility must be enforced. Workload needs to be patient-centered, ensuring a "fit" between patient needs and nurse staffing.

Assessing unsafe behaviors and their relationship with work-related factors among EMS staff in Iran: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundEmergency Medical Services (EMS) staff often encounter various safety incidents. Work-related factors can lead to unsafe behaviors and safety incidents. This study assessed unsafe behaviors and their relationship with work-related factors among EMS staff.MethodsThis descriptive-correlational study used census sampling method to select 284 EMS staff in Ardabil Province, northwest of Iran, from April to June 2023. The data collection tools were demographic and occupational information form, Mearns Unsafe Behavior Scale, Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, Michielsen Fatigue Scale, and Patterson Teamwork Scale. The data were analyzed using the SPSSv-16, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression.ResultsThe mean of unsafe behavior, fatigue, perceived stress, non-conflict of teamwork, and conflict of teamwork were 15.80 (± 4.77), 20.57 (± 6.20), 16.10 (± 6.13), 117.89 (± 17.24), and 40.60 (± 9.59), respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that “partner trust and shared mental models (PTSMM),” “physical fatigue,” “age,” “type of shift,” “employment status,” and “overtime hours per month” were predictors of general unsafe behavior (P < 0.001) and “mild task conflict (MTC),” “employment status,” “partner trust and shared mental models (PTSMM)” were predictors of unsafe behavior under incentives EMS staff (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe present study showed that some work-related factors were predictors of unsafe behaviors. The negative consequences of unsafe behaviors should be considered, and long-term planning should be done to reduce them. Developing specific guidelines for addressing unsafe behaviors, implementing measures to reduce fatigue, managing overtime hours in the workplace, and Establishing a system where novice staff work with experienced staff during their first year can be beneficial in reducing these behaviors among EMS staff.

Patient Safety Climate, Burnout, and Safety Outcome Measures among Nurses in Selected Private Hospitals in Davao City, Philippines

Background: Patient harm continues to be an essential concern in healthcare settings. Despite research, education, and collaborative efforts in patient safety, this issue remains a substantial problem and has yet to demonstrate a significant decrease in recent years. Purpose: Seeing as there is a dearth of available studies on this topic locally, the study intended to determine the relationship between patient safety climate (PSC), burnout, and safety outcome measures (SOM) among nurses employed at private tertiary level in Davao City, Philippines. Methods: The objective of this descriptive-correlational study was to establish a correlation between SOM, exhaustion, and PSC among nurses employed in private tertiary hospitals in Davao City. The snowball sampling method was utilized to select 197 respondents who met the following requirements: of legal age and currently employed as staff nurses in the study sites. The data were gathered using the Patient Safety Climate in Healthcare Organizations tool, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, and Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Mean, standard deviation, Pearson r, and regression analysis were used in the statistical analysis. Results and Conclusions: The results showed that PSC (M=3.75, SD=0.89), burnout levels (M=3.44, SD=0.30), and SOM (M=3.81, SD=1.19) were high. PSC and SOM were significantly correlated (p=&lt;.001; r=.280), whereas burnout and SOM (p=.843; r=.014) were not correlated. Patient safety climate (p=&lt;.001; β=.280) was a predictor of safety outcome measures. Implications for Practice: Healthcare organizations are encouraged to cultivate a working environment where patient safety is recognized and prioritized. This will increase the frequency of event reporting, overall perceptions of safety, and patient safety grades.

Teaching strategies of teachers in improving the academic performance of pupils at Talipao District, Ministry of Basic, Higher, and Technical Education in Sulu

This descriptive-correlational study determined the extent of teaching strategies used by teachers to improve the academic performance of pupils at Talipao District, Ministry of Basic, Higher, and Technical Education in Sulu in terms of Instructional Strategies and Classroom Practices, Individualized Support and Student Engagement, and Assessment and Feedback Practices during the School Year 2023-2024. With 100 samples taken through non-probability sampling method via purposive sampling, and with the use of weighted mean, standard deviation, t-test for independent samples, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s r, this study reveals the following findings: 1) Teacher-respondents involved in this study are mostly female, married, within 31 years old &amp;amp; above, and mostly have 5 years &amp;amp; below of length of service; 2) On the average, teaching strategies to improve the academic performance of pupils are frequently used by teachers; 3) Generally, except for age, other variables such as gender, civil status, and length of service do not influence the ways how elementary school teachers assessed the extent of teaching strategies to improve the academic performance of pupils; 4) Group of teacher-respondents who generally perceived the extent of teaching strategies used by teachers to improve the academic performance of pupils in terms of Instructional Strategies and Classroom Practices as Frequently Used may probably be the same group of teacher-respondents who perceived the extent of teaching strategies used by teachers to improve the academic performance of pupils in terms of Individualized Support and Student Engagement and Assessment and Feedback Practices as Frequently Used, respectively; and 5) This particular study tends to support Constructivist Learning Theory (Piaget, 1970) which emphasizes the importance of active student engagement and hands-on learning experiences.

Relationship between Depressive Symptoms, Caregiver Strain, and Social Support with Dementia Grief in Family Caregivers.

Background and Objectives: Dementia grief in family caregivers of people with dementia refers to grieving prior to the death of the care recipient. It is related to psychosocial risk factors that may have a negative impact on the health of these family caregivers. This study aimed to describe the relationship between depressive symptoms, caregiver strain, and social support with dementia grief in family caregivers of people with dementia. Materials and Methods: A descriptive correlational cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 250 family caregivers of people with dementia participated. Dementia grief was the main variable, and depressive symptoms, caregiver strain, and social support were assessed. Additionally, socio-demographic data were collected. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and a bivariate correlation analysis and a multiple linear regression analysis were performed for dementia grief. Results: Higher scores for dementia grief were found in women, in family caregivers of patients at advanced stages of dementia, and in family caregivers with a low level of education. High levels of depressive symptoms and caregiver strain and low levels of social support indicated greater intensity of dementia grief. Depressive symptomatology was the variable with the greatest influence on dementia grief. Caregiver strain and social support also related to dementia grief, but to a lesser extent. Conclusions: In family caregivers, depressive symptoms, caregiver strain, and social support are related to the intensity of dementia grief, with a greater influence of depressive symptoms. Moreover, being female, having a low level of education, and caring for a care recipient at an advanced stage of dementia are factors associated with increased dementia grief. Concerning study limitations, the sample was restricted, belonging to a specific region of Spain and to a Provincial Federation of associations. It is necessary to exercise caution in generalizing results due to the sociodemographic and geographical characteristics of the sample.

Perceived Stress and Resilience of Criminology Teachers and Students during Covid-19 Pandemic

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, education has undergone rapid and profound changes, leading to feelings of uncertainty, anxiety, social isolation, and potentially detrimental behaviors that undermine well-being. In this situation, it is essential to understand the link between perceived stress and resilience among vulnerable populations, including teachers and students, as society navigates the new normal in delivering high-quality education. Furthermore, since little scholarly attention has been invested in understanding the impact of the pandemic on Criminology teachers and students, targeted studies are necessary. Thus, this descriptive-correlation study assesses the perceived stress and resilience among Criminology teachers and students in Negros Occidental (Western Visayas, Philippines) during the pandemic. To this end, a total of 2000 respondents voluntarily answered the survey questionnaire used by the researcher – 124 Criminology teachers using the total enumeration technique and 1876 students using the simple random process among the eleven schools in Negros Occidental offering Criminology Program. The data was collected through Google Forms because travel restrictions and quarantine were still imposed during the study. The study used the frequency and percentage in terms of the profile of the respondents, mean and standard deviation to determine the level of perceived stress and resilience, and coefficient correlations for significant correlations and disparity. The findings revealed that Criminology teachers had a moderate level of perceived stress and resilience, indicating their ability to manage stress and cope with teaching challenges during the pandemic. Conversely, students experienced a high-stress level, particularly among females, while demonstrating moderate resilience. Furthermore, a notable disparity was found between teachers' and students' stress levels and resilience, affirming that the latter are more resilient, albeit more stressed, because finishing their degree during the pandemic signifies a remarkable achievement for them. These results underscore the need for tailored interventions that effectively manage stress and promote the development of coping mechanisms. By acknowledging the unique stressors Criminology students face and harnessing their inherent resilience, educational institutions would be able to support their success and well-being during these challenging times.

The association of domestic violence during pregnancy with maternal psychological well-being in the early postpartum period: A sample from women with low socioeconomic status in Eastern Turkey

AimTo examine the association of women's exposure to domestic violence during pregnancy with postpartum maternal psychological well-being (postpartum depression and anxiety) in the early postpartum period. MethodsThe sample of this descriptive correlational research study comprised 358 women. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Domestic Violence Screening Tool, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale. The one-way multivariate analysis of variance, and a multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to analysis of data. ResultsThe mean scores of the HITS, the EPDS, and the PSAS were 6.00±16.00, 7.47±5.57, and 72.02±18.63 respectively. Considering the cut-off values of the scales, the women were found to be at risk for exposure to domestic violence (20.1%), postpartum depression (24%), and postpartum anxiety (11.2%). Education level and having social security was significantly associated with women's HITS and PSAS score.Women with high mean domestic violence scores had high mean postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety scores. Women's mean domestic violence and postpartum anxiety scores were significantly and positively associated with their mean postpartum depression scores (p < 0.001). ConclusionThe results of this study revealed that women were frequently exposed to DV during pregnancy, education level and social security were important predictors of exposure to DV, and that DV associated with postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety. Exposure to DV and postpartum anxiety increased the risk of postpartum depression. It is recommended to integrate screening, guidance, and supportive counseling practices into routine antenatal care to improve the mental health of pregnant women at risk.

The Potential Mediating Effect of Symptom Burden on Demoralization Through Locus of Control and Coping Strategies in Chinese Patients With Cancer.

Demoralization is a psychological syndrome that is highly prevalent in patients with cancer and detrimental to individuals' physical and mental health. To explore effective intervention, we first determined the relationships between locus of control, coping strategies, symptom burden, and demoralization. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between symptom burden, locus of control, coping strategies, and demoralization in patients with cancer. In this descriptive-correlational study, 273 valid patients were selected with convenience sampling method from a hospital in China. Data were collected using the Chinese version of the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory, the Chinese version of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, the Chinese version of the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, and the Mandarin version of the Demoralization Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS and AMOS. A total of 115 patients (42.12%) experienced clinical demoralization (Mandarin version of the Demoralization Scale > 30). Symptom burden (β = 0.295, P < .001), confrontation (β = -0.117, P = .028), and resignation (β = 0.456, P < .001) had direct effects on demoralization. Symptom burden also had an indirect effect on demoralization through the mediating role of resignation (β = 0.026, P = .002). Meanwhile, locus of control can affect demoralization entirely through the indirect mediating role of coping strategies (chance locus of control via resignation [β = 0.138, P < .01], powerful locus of control via confrontation [β = -0.017, P < .05]). Symptom burden affects demoralization not only directly but also indirectly. Coping strategies play an important mediating role between symptom burden, locus of control, and demoralization in patients with cancer. It is urgent to screen demoralization and identify patients with high symptom burden, maladaptive locus of control, or coping strategies. For the patients targeted, a more comprehensive and systematic approach to symptom management and more appropriate guidance related to adaptive coping strategies are needed.

Cognitive Regulation and Its Influence on the Performance of Volleyball Serve Skill

This study aims to identify the level of cognitive regulation and the level of serve skill performance among female students, and to identify the relationship, contribution and impact of cognitive regulation to the performance of their serve skill. This descriptive correlational study targeted sophomores at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls/University of Baghdad. The study included a purposive sample of (32)،. Participants’ opinions were surveyed using the cognitive regulation scale in volleyball for female students then skillfully testing then using the performance of serve skill considering their accomplishment of learning performing such a skill in their academic courses. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) to be the conclusions and recommendations that the level of cognitive regulation among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls was acceptable, as well as the performance of their serve skill was acceptable, and that cognitive regulation relates, contributes, and positively affects the performance of serve skill among the study participants. It is necessary to pay attention to mental measurement when teaching the serve skill, especially cognitive regulation owing to its positive role in the performance of this skill. It is also necessary to increase the teachers’ experience with the importance of paying attention to improving the level of cognitive regulation of students, as this awareness is reflected in the positives in achieving the goals of improving performance in the physical education lesson for volleyball

Social Media and the Levels of Stress of the Social Work Students in Misamis University

A descriptive correlational study was conducted to determine the influence of social media use on the stress levels of the Social Work students of Misamis University. Using different modified standardized surveys on stress and social media use, one hundred and thirty-six (136) students enrolled in the first semester of S.Y. 2020-2021 in the BSSW program were surveyed online using Google Forms. A focus group discussion was also done among the faculty members and students to corroborate and validate survey results and to ask for their recommendations for the enhancement of the school's welfare programs. Findings showed that students exposed to social media use are more affected by academic stress. The most popular social media site used is Facebook. Students also spend about 2 to 5.3 hours per day on social media sites, mostly for informational, conversational, and phatic purposes. Students' social stress is also affected by their frequent use of Twitter. The length of time spent on Twitter, on the other hand, has an inverse effect on students' psychological stress.

Assessing the relationship between ethical reasoning confidence and self-esteem among female nursing students for enhancing the quality of work life: A cross-sectional study.

To investigate the relationship between ethical reasoning confidence and self-esteem among female nursing students for enhancing the quality of work life. A necessary component of professional competence and a prerequisite for high-quality care is ethical reasoning confidence competence. As well as, self-esteem is the subjective perception of one's own worth and significance. This was a descriptive correlational cross-sectional study design. Data was collected within a month starting from December 2022 to January 2023, and 164 nursing students were recruited from one College at a governmental university in Riyadh. Respondents completed the self-administered, online questionnaires. Measures included self-esteem, and ethical reasoning confidence questionnaires. Findings investigated via descriptive and inferential statistics as well as structured equation modeling to examine the mediating effect of self-esteem on behaviors and attitudes of the nursing students toward ethical reasoning confidence. Nursing students had a moderate perception regarding their self-esteem as well as their ethical reasoning confidence (Mean = 2.99, SD ± 0.58; and Mean = 3.57, SD ± 0.55, respectively). Data revealed that self-esteem was accounted for the prediction of 54% of positive variance of nursing students' behaviors toward ethical reasoning confidence and 78% of the variance of their attitudes toward ethical reasoning confidence. Self-esteem is a significant determinant of nursing students' behaviors and attitudes toward their ethical reasoning confidence. Further research is required to ascertain whether this approach enhances nursing students' moral decision-making, moral reasoning, practical considerations, and acquaintance with ethical concerns.

Benefits of Sports Activities on Increasing Student Confidence

Background: Sports activities are not just physical exercise, but are also the key to opening the door to increasing self-confidence for high school students. This research explores the positive impact of sports activities on students' psychological aspects, especially self-confidence. Methods: This research is a correlational descriptive study which aims to determine whether there are benefits of sports physical activity in increasing the self-confidence of high school students. The research involved a sample of 60 high school students using random sampling techniques. The research instruments are questionnaires and documentation. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 statistical software. Results: The results of the analysis show that there is a positive relationship between learning achievement and emotional intelligence of high school students, with a significance value (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, our research has illuminated the profound positive impact of sports activities on enhancing student confidence across various domains. Through a comprehensive exploration of literature and empirical analysis, we have uncovered compelling evidence supporting the multifaceted benefits of sports participation in bolstering students' self-assurance and self-belief.

Dilemma: do they write with or without the use of ICT? - students’ perceptions

ABSTRACT Students’ perceptions can influence their performance in writing. In the Portuguese context, the number of studies on this subject is still small and has not provided a clear overview of typical perceptions, for example, of students by year of schooling. Even more significant is the gap in international and national research on the relationships between students’ self-perceptions and their performance in writing, mainly when mediated by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In this sense, this descriptive-correlational study focused on study the correlations between 4th grade students’ perceptions (n=338) regarding writing knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy in writing and their writing performance. The results of this study allow us to state that, in general terms, there are more positive perceptions of students’ attitudes and self-efficacy in writing with ICT than those without using these tools. Even though students’ perceptions may be different from their performance, it was found that their attitudes were more optimistic than their perceptions of knowledge and self-efficacy in writing. Understanding observed differences is essential for educational professionals to know their students’ perceptions, better adjust their pedagogical practices and select the pedagogical tools for each stage of the writing process.

Suicidal Tendency and Impulsivity and Integrative Self-knowledge Among the Adult Population

Background: According to the World Health Organization, almost half of violent deaths globally are due to suicide. Development in effective prevention of suicide requires a better understanding of the potential processes underlying suicidal ideation and behavior. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between impulsivity with integrative self-knowledge and suicidal ideation in the adult population of Zahedan, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 422 adults aged 20 years and older. The Beck scale for suicidal ideation, Barrat impulsiveness, and integrative self-knowledge scales were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results: The results showed that impulsivity had a direct and significant relationship with a suicidal tendency. According to the results of stepwise regression analysis, the impulsivity variable explained 0.03% of the suicidal ideation variance, and self-knowledge could explain 0.11% of the suicidal tendency variance. Conclusions: In general, the obtained findings are consistent with the theory that impulsivity as a risk factor and cohesive self-awareness as a protective factor are associated with suicidal ideation and can be used as a step forward in finding useful solutions to prevent suicide. It is suggested that the results be evaluated prospectively in larger samples with a higher risk of suicide.

The needs for digital health and eHeath literacy of cancer patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers: A multicenter, descriptive correlational study

PurposeDigital health is an indispensable tool, but its use depends on the eHealth literacy (eHL) of end-users. This study aimed to understand the need for digital health and eHL among cancer patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers and to identify differences in digital health needs related to the eHL of cancer patients. MethodsA multicenter, descriptive correlational study was conducted and included a total of 209 patients, 150 caregivers and 150 healthcare providers. Digital health needs were identified, and eHL was measured using the Korean version of the eHealth Literacy Scale. Differences in digital health needs in relation to the eHL of patients were analyzed. ResultsThe most necessary digital health functions among cancer patients and caregivers were ‘information and education on symptom management after cancer treatment’ and ‘education on coping methods for each type of cancer’ (87.1–94.0%). Healthcare providers reported the need for a digital health function for ‘medication information’ and assisting in ‘medical appointments’ (96.7–98.0%). The preferred types of digital health were telemonitoring, mobile services, and telemedicine by telephone (81.3–90.5%). The mean eHL score of the cancer patients was 28.84 ± 6.75. Differences existed in the need for digital health functions and preferences for digital health types between cancer patients with high and low eHL. ConclusionsCancer patients and caregivers expressed strong needs for digital health that provide information and education about symptom management and coping with cancer. Digital health interventions for cancer care need to be developed to reflect the identified needs and preferences and eHL of end-users.