Descriptions Of Past Events Research Articles

REL KERETA DAN DINAMIKA TAMBANG TIMAH MASA LALU DI PULAU BANGKA: KAJIAN ARKEOLOGI INDUSTRI

Artifacts are the main study in archeological studies, from an artifact, archaeologists try to uncover events that took place in the past. This article seeks to do this process by linking it to other information that has been collected so that a description of past events can be obtained. By focusing on the findings of the Rail in Sungailiat, this article seeks to link past events, especially in the Dutch colonial era. From the results of the research, it is hoped that it can be an inspiration for knowledge in the field of history and technology in the past to be a consideration in making policy in the future.

5. TWO VERSIONS OF A CONSTRUCTIVIST VIEW OF HISTORICAL WORK

ABSTRACTNarrativist philosophy of history popularized a constructivist view arguing that historical works are not simple depictions of the past but rather are complicated constructions. According to narrativists, historians engage in a creative activity of proposing points of view, interpretations, or theses on the past that do not straightforwardly reflect past events. Although this is a broad constructivist view behind the theorizing of a number of authors, it is possible to distinguish within this line of thinking at least two general proposals about how to understand historical works. The first, defended for instance by Frank Ankersmit, maintains that historical works are representations of the past. Nevertheless, these representations are not descriptions of past events—they represent in a special way that could be characterized via a certain complexity, indirectness, holism, and a retrospective approach. The second proposal, presented in the work of Paul Roth and Jouni‐Matti Kuukkanen, discards the epistemic framework of representation and understands historical works as the outcome of specific practices. In this article, I focus on these two constructivist versions, which could be called representationalism and non‐representationalism. I analyze their crucial features, discuss their differences, and dispute the accusation that the latter view formulates an extreme theory of history. I argue that non‐representationalism does not erase the notion of the past from its account of history; it merely attributes to the past a function different from the one it has within the representationalist paradigm.

Judging the reality of others' memories

Interpersonal reality monitoring (IRM) refers to our ability to evaluate whether other people's memories reflect real or imagined events. The current work examined IRM and whether or not it can be affected by training and feedback. We found that people are better than chance and that the ability to accurately make this judgement can be improved or reduced with appropriate and inappropriate training, respectively. Understanding IRM has implications for applied psychologists interested in how people evaluate others' descriptions of past events (e.g., eyewitness testimony).

Diffusion Theory and Planning

for any theory is to understand some segment of reality. If it is beyond man's capability to change this reality, his environment, then at least with his knowledge of it he can better adapt to it. In other cases where man does have some power over the environment, the understanding of it points the way for directed change or planning. If diffusion concerns the spread of a phenomenon through a population over space and through time, then planners would presumably find diffusion valuable to at least two kinds of planning problems: (1) dissemination of knowledge and encouraging use of existing or planned facilities or services and, more generally, (2) inculcating in a population some desired change in attitudefor example with respect to willingness to integrate, or maintenance of property. In this paper we will be concerned with the usefulness of diffusion theory, in its present state, for resolving such problems, and with how diffusion theory can be generalized or improved to make it more clearly useful. The paper is divided into three parts. We first deal with the significant aspects of the application of diffusion theory to past phenomena. Next, we treat the application of diffusion theory to the planning process, and finally, we discuss some potentially valuable generalizations of diffusion theory and their consequences for the usefulness of the theory, particularly to planning. DIFFUSION IN THE DESCRIPTION OF PAST EVENTS

Knowledge of Past and Future in Quantum Mechanics

It is well known that the principles of quantum mechanics limit the possibilities of exact prediction as to the future path of a particle. It has sometimes been supposed, nevertheless, that the quantum mechanics would permit an exact description of the past path of a particle. The purpose of the present note is to discuss a simple ideal experiment which shows that the possibility of describing the past pathof one particlewould lead to the predictions as to the future behaviour of a second particle of a kind not allowed in the quantum mechanics. It will hence be concluded that the principles of quantum mechanics actually involve an uncertainty in the description of past events which is analogous to the the uncertainty in the prediction of future events. And it will be shown for the case in hand, that this uncertainty in the description of the past arises from a limitation of the knowledge that can be obtained by measurement of momentum.