Descriptive Techniques Research Articles

Faktor-faktor Penyebab Prokrastinasi Akademik Peserta Didik dan Implikasinya dalam Pelayanan BK

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of the condition of academic procrastination from students which is classified as high seen from the symptoms that appear such as dislike for certain teachers causing neglect of learning tasks, wasting time chatting, watching television, watching in the cinema and so on, and having difficulty in preparing physical and psychological conditions so that when attending lessons are in a lackluster condition. The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the factors that cause students' academic procrastination at SMKN 2 Padang, (2) to describe the internal factors that cause students' academic procrastination at SMKN 2 Padang, and (3) to describe the external factors that cause students' academic procrastination at SMKN 2 Padang. This type of research is quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The population of this study amounted to 425 students of SMK N 2 Padang who were enrolled in the 2024/2025 school year, with a sample size of 206 students. Sample selection using proportional ramdom sampling technique. The data collection technique used an academic procrastination scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive techniques. The results of this study reveal that the factors that cause students' academic procrastination at SMK N 2 Padang are seen from: (1) physical condition factors are generally in the high category, (2) psychological condition factors are generally in the medium category, (3) family condition factors are generally in the high category, (4) school environment factors are generally in the high category, and (5) community environment factors are generally in the high category. Based on the findings of this study, it is expected that counseling teachers can provide services to avoid students' academic procrastination.

The factors influencing self-management in patients with depression: a qualitative research from China

BackgroundAs depressed patients often fail to seek help and obtain treatment on time for reasons such as stigma and lack of treatment resources, research on self-management for depressed patients is crucial. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing self-management in depression patients from the perspectives of both patients and psychiatric nurses.MethodsSix depression patients and twelve psychiatric nurses were chosen for semi-structured interviews through a purposive sampling method from a tertiary Grade A psychiatric hospital in Shandong Province, China. The group of depressed patients included in the study had a male to female sex ratio of 1:1 with a mean age of 46years. The psychiatric nurse group had a male to female ratio of 1:2 with a mean age of 42.42 years. We used descriptive qualitative research techniques. Nvivo 12.0 software was used for the data management and analysis using thematic analysis.ResultsThe factors influencing the self-management of depression patients were summarized into three themes and eight sub-themes: disease impact (symptoms, stigma), the degree of symptom control (medication adherence, depression’s cognitive status, its treatment and rehabilitation as well as additional factors), and support (self-efficacy, external support).ConclusionsThis study found that multiple factors influence the self-management of depression patients, including disease impact, the degree of symptom control, and support. In addition to helping patients integrate social resources and seek social support, medical staff should also pay attention to changes in the patient’s condition and disease control. Moreover, they should help patients increase their self-efficacy and enhance their self-management abilities through health education and other means.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

Analysis of the Competency of People's Shipping Ship Crews in Determining the Position of the Ship (Case Study: Pelra Ship at Maccini Baji' Harbor, Pangkajene Regency and the Islands and Paotere-Makassar People's Harbor)

This research aims to identify Pelra human resources with GT 35-250 Tonnage in navigating, especially determining the position of the ship during shipping and to determine the implementation of regulatory standards related to the competency of Pelra HR with GT 35-250 Tonnage in carrying out manning on board. The data analysis technique used in this research is a quantitative descriptive analysis technique using a reliable questionnaire. This technique uses a percentage of qualitative data that is quantitative to make it easier to obtain final results from two or more variables and then the data is qualitative again. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear analysis with SPSS 26.0 software. Based on the results of the data analysis above, Pelra's resources with GT 35-250 Tonnage in navigating to determine the position of the ship on the voyage, viewed from the results of the data analysis above, show that the human resources of people's shipping in carrying out navigation when determining the position of the ship are said to be good and need to be improved several times. so that human resources can be maximized in navigation when determining the position of the ship, while the implementation of regulatory standards related to the competency of Pelra's HR with GT 35-250 Tonnage in carrying out manning on board, based on research results, is said to be good, but it is still necessary to improve the competency of HR according to regulatory standards in carrying out manning on board the ship in order to reduce risks and dangers when determining the position of the ship. Keywords: ship crew competency, determining the position of the ship, shipping safety

Spatio-temporal risk prediction of leptospirosis: A machine-learning-based approach.

Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease prevalent worldwide, particularly in tropical regions experiencing frequent rainfall and severe cyclones, which are further aggravated by climate change. This bacterial zoonosis, caused by the Leptospira genus, can be transmitted through contaminated water and soil. The Pacific islands bear a high burden of leptospirosis, making it crucial to identify key factors influencing its distribution. Understanding these factors is vital for developing targeted policy decisions to mitigate the spread of Leptospira. This study aims to establish a precise spatio-temporal risk map of leptospirosis at a national scale, using binarized incidence rates as the variable to predict. The spatial analysis was conducted at a finer resolution than the city level, while the temporal analysis was performed on a monthly basis from 2011 to 2022. Our approach utilized a comprehensive strategy combining machine learning models trained on binarized incidences, along with descriptive techniques for identifying key factors. The analysis encompasses a broad spectrum of variables, including meteorological, topographic, and socio-demographic factors. The strategy achieved a concordance metric of 83.29%, indicating a strong ability to predict the presence of contamination risk, with a sensitivity of 83.93%. Key findings included the identification of seasonal patterns, such as the impact of the El Niño Southern Oscillation, and the determination that rainfall and humidity with a one-month lag are significant contributors to Leptospira contamination. Conversely, soil types rich in organic matter may reduce bacterial presence and survival. The study highlights the significant influence of environmental factors on the seasonal spread of Leptospira, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. These findings are crucial for public health planning, providing insights for targeted policies to reduce leptospirosis, while advanced machine learning models serve as a robust tool for improving disease surveillance, and risk assessment, which ultimately supports the development of an early warning system.

Assessing the price effects of African swine fever in the China market

Aim: African swine fever is a viral disease that has affected the pig business in several nations worldwide. One of the most serious diseases affecting the hog business significantly influences China’s meat sector, as the country is one of the biggest pork consumers. The main objective of the current study is to examine the impact of the breakdown on hog meat output and prices in the China region. Several factors, such as market supply and demand, disease outbreaks, and governmental policies, have caused fluctuations in the price of pigs in China since 2018. Methods: The acquired data was first evaluated using a descriptive technique. The price fluctuation caused by African swine disease during the studied time was then evaluated using a t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient system, and polynomial regression. Results: In the analyzed period from 2015 to 2021, African swine fever outbreak impacts were detected in pork supply and price distribution. The outbreak lowers the output of hog meat, raising the stock price and influencing other meat products’ prices. Polynomial regression analysis employs the correlation between the decreased level of pork supply and the increased price of live pigs. The price of live pigs ranged from 10.57 RMB/kg to 37.10 RMB/kg, with a median of 15.60 RMB/kg and a mean of 21.43 RMB/kg. This suggests a significant increase in prices in comparison to stock levels, which could be a sign of the impact of exogenous disruptions of African swine fever on market dynamics. Conclusions: Findings emphasize that such disruption has a negative effect on the supply and demand balance. Moreover, it negatively affects pork production and price distribution. The results highlight that prices are increasing significantly as a consequence of viral outbreaks and decreased pork production.

PERCEIVED LEGITIMACY OF INSIDER VS. OUTSIDER SUCCESSORS AND ITS IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE ACCRA METROPOLIS

Succession planning is a critical process for ensuring organizational continuity and performance, with the selection of insider or outsider successors playing a pivotal role. This study examines the perceived legitimacy of insider versus outsider successors and their impact on organizational performance within the Accra metropolis. Using the upper echelons theory as a framework, the study employed a quantitative research design with a sample size of 300 participants, comprising employees and stakeholders from organizations that had undergone leadership transitions within the last three years. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including correlation and regression analyses. The findings revealed a strong positive relationship between perceived legitimacy and organizational performance, with perceived legitimacy accounting for 90.9% of the variance in performance outcomes. Insider successors were viewed as fostering continuity and alignment with organizational culture, while outsider successors were associated with innovation and strategic change. These results highlight the importance of transparent and credible selection processes in leadership transitions. The study underscores the relevance of the upper echelons theory in understanding leadership dynamics and provides practical recommendations for improving organizational outcomes through effective succession planning.

SUSTAINABLE PRECISION AGRICULTURE: INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND IOT FOR OPTIMIZED GREEN FARMING PRACTICES

Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. It is evolved in due course of time. The purpose of this study is to assess how well internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies can improve precision farming methods and encourage resource sustainability. The goal of the project is to determine the obstacles farmers have when implementing these innovations and to examine the economic and environmental effects of incorporating these technologies into farming, with an emphasis on yield enhancement and resource conservation. Method: To investigate the connection between AI, IoT, and sustainable farming results, data were collected from a sample of 225 farmers via trials and sensor readings using a quantitative descriptive research technique. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and regression analysis were among the statistical techniques used to evaluate how AI and IoT affected productivity and environmentally friendly agricultural methods. Result: The results reveal a strong positive correlation, with the regression model indicating that IoT and AI play a substantial role in sustainable agriculture and higher production, accounting for around 55.2% of the variation in results. The model's effectiveness is further supported by the ANOVA findings, which show that smart farming, AI, and IoT have a major influence on green agricultural practices (p < 0.001). It is found that AI and IoT have a great deal of contribution towards sustainable agriculture by increasing sustainability and production. However, it is significant to address certain challenges for wider acceptance and scalability across many agricultural groups.

The Impact of Digital Literacy Skills and ICT Self Efficacy on Academic and Functional Skills at Secondary Islamic School District Kotaddu South Pakistan

Amid present day’s fast technological development, the incorporation of information technology in teaching and learning can no longer be overlooked. However, the results found that despite the improved digital literacy skills and self-efficacy about ICT among the students of Kot Addu which was the DBGb/rDBG rural and semi-urban students there was have lack of research work that investigates the ways to strengthened the students’ learning outcomes through digital literacy and ICT self-efficacy. The effects of digital literacy and ICT self-efficacy on academic and functional skills of students of secondary Islamic schools in District Kot Addu, South Pakistan. In this quantitative study, the author assesses the participants’ levels of digital literacy, ICT self-efficacy, and functional skills using structured questionnaires on 300 students enrolled in 5 different secondary Islamic schools in the region. The quantitative data was collected using an Administration Questionnaire. The collected data was processed by calculating the percentage distribution of the demographics of the respondents. Cronbach Alpha score and the experts’ opinion was then utilized to establish the validity and reliability of the questionnaire during the pilot test conducted in Kot Addu district. Descriptive and inferential techniques were applied on the data collected from the participants to examine the correlation between the independent measures; digital literacy and ICT self-efficacy to the dependent measures; the academic performance and the functional skills. The findings also show a similar significant positive relationship between the following variables: digital literacy and students’ functional skills, ICT self-efficacy, and academic performance.

Influence of social media on children's dietary habits

Introduction: Dietary habits refer to the consistent choices made by individuals or groups concerning their food consumption. It has a crucial influence in human health and reflects individual eating choices, which are often associated with culture, education, social background, and health status. Dietary habits may be influenced and altered by life stages and lifestyle factors, including physical activity and social interac-tion. Nutritional consumption significantly influences human health and well-being, particularly during childhood and adolescence, and directly impacts children's health due to their physical, mental, and cognitive development. Approaches: Data has been gathered from 100 children to evaluate the impact of social media on their dietary practices. The questionnaire was administered to professionals to establish its validity and subsequently its reliability. The total number of items in the questionnaire was 19. To evaluate children's behavior on social media about eating practices. The data was gathered by a simple random sampling process and analyzed using both descriptive and inferen-tial statistical techniques. Outcomes The results indicated that among 100 children, the mean age of participation was 15.66 years. The cur-rent study demonstrated a moderate impact of social media on children's food habits. The study demonstrated a substantial statistical link between children's age and hours spent on social media, as well as the impact of social media on children's food habits (p < 0.05). The re-sults indicated no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between social media usage and other demographic variables. Concludes The findings indicated that social media exerted a moderate influence on children's food habits. The study concluded that a substantial statistical link exists between children's age, hours of social media usage, and the impact of social media on children's food habits. The results indicat-ed no significant statistical differences between social media usage and other demographic variables.

Development of Javanese Dialogue Text Learning Media with Web s.id in Junior High School

Grade VII MTs N 2 Sragen students have difficulty learning Javanese dialogue texts, so they need s.id web-based learning media that can be used so that students can listen, read, write, and speak Javanese dialogue text material. This research aims to develop a learning medium for Javanese dialogue texts with the s.id web. This research and development is carried out in six stages: analyzing potential problems, collecting information, designing products, validating designs, improving products, and limiting trials. The data obtained in this study were through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests. The data analysis technique uses qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The study results show that students and teachers need media to support learning Javanese dialogue text material. The media content needed includes materials, examples, exercises, evaluations, and online dictionaries. The results of the material validation test averaged 88%, while the media validation test averaged 73%, and both showed valid results. The results of the limited trial also received an average of 94.8 or an N-Gain Score of 0.83 ≥ 0.3 with compelling evidence. Therefore, web-based learning media s.id be able to be used and developed into a supporting medium for dialogue text material for class VII MTs N 2 Sragen.

Tailored learning paths: faculty training preferences for professional development

ABSTRACT The professional development of teachers is essential to improving the quality of university education. This article analyzes the preferences of Spanish university teachers regarding the training activities that contribute to their professional development. The main objective is to identify which activities are most valued by teachers and to analyse whether there are differences based on variables such as age, gender, professional category, and field of knowledge. To conduct this analysis, a questionnaire was designed and answered by 523 teachers from 42 public universities in Spain. The questionnaire includes a wide range of training activities. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, as well as a multiple correspondence factor analysis. The results show a great diversity of training activities perceived as valuable by teachers. Activities such as the creation of teaching materials, reflection on teaching, and dialogue with colleagues about teaching issues are highly valued. Differences were also identified based on the characteristics of the teachers: younger teachers prefer activities related to social networks, while more experienced teachers opt for those involving management and organisation. We conclude that teacher professional development is not a uniform process, but rather varies according to each teacher’s needs and preferences. Educational institutions should adapt their training programmes to these differences, promoting a balance between autonomy, collaboration, and teacher reflection to foster effective learning in educators.

E-Commerce dan Transaction Security: Menjaga Customer Trust Pada Pelaku Konsumen Spaylater Generasi Z di Sidoarjo

The development of information technology has driven the growth of e-commerce significantly, including in Indonesia. Shopee, as one of the main platforms, continues to innovate through features such as Shopee PayLater which provides payment flexibility, especially for Generation Z. However, increasing use of this service also raises challenges related to transaction security, which is an important factor in building customer trust. This research aims to analyze the influence of e-commerce and transaction security on customer trust of Generation Z Spaylater consumers in Sidoarjo. Using descriptive quantitative methods and purposive sampling techniques, data was collected from 70 respondents and analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0. The research results show that 1) e-commerce has a positive and significant influence on customer trust 2) transaction security has a positive and significant influence on customer trust.

A quantitative analysis of level of sustainability disclosure in corporate annual reports of Indian companies

The importance of corporate sustainability disclosure is growing because of social and environmental concerns. Rapid urbanization and industrialization in India have caused serious problems with the quality of air and water. This study examines the level of sustainability disclosure in the annual reports of Indian companies, focusing on environmental, social, and economic commitments in line with frameworks like GRI and BRSR-SEBI. The objective of the study was to examine the degree to which businesses in India publish information about their sustainability policies and efforts in their annual reports. A multistage sampling technique was used to sample the top 50 Indian companies covering the 2021–2022 fiscal year from 11 sectors. Descriptive and content data analysis techniques were employed using mean, median, and standard deviation. Findings revealed that the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is the most widely adopted framework, followed by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). Furthermore, almost all the companies practiced environmental disclosure, particularly greenhouse gas emissions and climate impact and energy usage. The study concluded that sustainability disclosure varies across different sectors and Indian corporations. The study recommended strengthening the adoption of standardized reporting frameworks like GRI, IIRC, and BRSR-SEBI through regulatory incentives or rules that emphasize their benefits. Furthermore, it was recommended that Indian companies should include external certifications and recognitions in their annual reports to demonstrate their commitment to sustainability and enhance the credibility and transparency of their sustainability reporting.

Optimization of IPS Learning with the Concept of Cooperation in the Neighborhood for Students of Class 2 MI Al-Whataniyah 1 Jakarta

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the concept teaching model in improving social studies learning outcomes on the material of cooperation in the neighborhood environment. The researchers used the Classroom Action Research method with two cycles. The study was conducted at MI Al Wathaniyah 1 North Jakarta with 34 class 2 students as subjects. Data collection was carried out through systematic observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and learning outcome tests. Data analysis used qualitative and quantitative descriptive techniques. The research results showed a significant increase in student learning outcomes after the implementation of the concept teaching model with classical completeness reaching 85% in cycle II. The average student learning outcomes reached 90%. In addition, the teacher's teaching activities also showed an achievement of 100%. It means that the activity shows the teacher's ability to master the class and apply the concept teaching model well. Student presentations in observing and answering worksheets or written tests also reached 85%. Therefore, this study contributes to the development of a more effective social studies learning methodology at the elementary education level.

LANDASAN HUKUM DAN PRINSIP-PRINSIP ASURANSI SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

Sharia insurance is a type of financial institution that functions in accordance with Islamic sharia, which upholds the concept of mutual protection (takaful) and mutual assistance (ta'awun). This thinking is regulated in Indonesian laws and regulations, including DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 21/DSN-MUI/X/2001, and is based on the teachings of the Koran, hadith, ijma, and ulama fatwas. Its guiding principles include mutual protection, cooperation in virtue, and avoiding aspects of riba, gharar (uncertainty), maisir (gambling), and activities that violate sharia. Islamic insurance offers Muslims a way to fulfill their risk protection requirements in line with Islamic principles, according to this research, which combines descriptive techniques with literature review methods. Sharia insurance builds a transparent and socially responsible financial system through the application of fair principles and a strong legal basis.

A comparative study of menstrual poverty among urban and rural female learners in government schools of Zambia

BackgroundMenstrual poverty remains a significant health problem among female learners in Zambia, particularly due to the lack of access to menstrual products, leading to the use of unsafe alternatives and potential health risks such as reproductive tract infections. To address this pressing issue, this study examined the disparities in knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning menstrual poverty among female learners in both urban and rural government schools within Zambia.MethodsThe study utilized a mixed-method sequential explanatory design, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. A cross-sectional survey of 447 female learners was conducted in urban and rural areas using a multistage stratified sampling approach. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and bivariate techniques in Stata version 14.2. The qualitative arm consisted of focus group discussions and key informant interviews, with thematic analysis applied.ResultsThe findings revealed that urban female learners possessed a more comprehensive understanding of menstruation than their rural peers, with a significantly higher proportion accurately defining the process (74% vs. 50%). Notably, both urban and rural learners experienced a spectrum of emotional responses to menarche, with fear and discomfort common among learners in both urban and rural settings, while support-seeking behaviours and cultural beliefs varied geographically. Rural learners commonly turned to herbal remedies for menstrual management (30% vs. 21%, p = 0.007). Furthermore, over 50% of urban and rural leaners reported dissatisfaction with the sanitary facilities, citing concerns such as cleanliness, privacy, and inadequate handwashing amenities.ConclusionThis study reveals significant disparities in menstrual knowledge, practices, and attitudes between urban and rural female learners. Government funding is imperative to implement comprehensive menstrual health education in all public schools to create a supportive environment for menstruating learners. Collaboration with the Ministry of Health is crucial to ensure access to essential resources, including pain relief and gender-sensitive facilities.

Determining the methodological rigor and overall quality of out-of-hospital clinical practice guidelines: a scoping review protocol.

This scoping review will aim to determine the methodological rigor and quality of out-of-hospital clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) by collating and describing all literature that assessed these documents using a structured appraisal instrument. In the out-of-hospital setting, the provision of emergency health care by paramedics and first responders is guided, directed, or informed by localized, overarching CPGs. Numerous CPGs in this setting have been assessed for their methodological rigor and overall quality using an appraisal instrument. However, a summation of the overall standard of guidelines within this space has yet to be described. This scoping review will consider all primary and secondary peer-reviewed research that has used a structured appraisal instrument to assess the overall quality of CPGs designed specifically for the out-of-hospital setting. Studies that have assessed CPGs designed for in-hospital environments, such as emergency departments, critical care units, or surgical wards, will be excluded. This review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The following databases and/or information sources will be searched: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCOhost), Scopus, and ProQuest Central (ProQuest). No publication or language limits will be applied. Study selection and data extraction will be performed independently by 2 reviewers, with any disagreements resolved by discussion or with the involvement of an independent third reviewer. In instances where crucial data cannot be extracted, the corresponding author of the article will be contacted. Data will be analyzed using basic descriptive techniques and will be presented in both tabular and diagrammatic formats, accompanied by a narrative description. Open Science Framework https://osf.io/qvrhw.

Behavioral Disorders in Unilateral and Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Comparative Study

This study sought to compare behavioral patterns between clinical groups of children who had cerebral palsy and a control group with typically developing. 262 children (age range 6 and 10 years, M= 5.74 years; SD = 1.82) participated in this study (61 clinical; 201 control). The Child Behavior Checklist, a widely used tool for assessing behavioral and emotional problems in children, and the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices Test, a non-verbal intelligence test, were used to assess the children. Data analysis was done with descriptive and inferential statistic techniques. Student t-tests have shown significant differences between groups. The primary behavioral disorders found in the clinical groups were Social Problems and Aggressive Behaviou

IMPROVING VISUAL MEMORY OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENT WITH MATHEMATICS LEARNING DIFFICULTIES: AN ACTION RESEARCH

Students with dyscalculia often face significant challenges in visual memory, which is critical for mathematical learning, particularly in recognizing and differentiating geometric shapes and their properties. This study aims to explore the extent to which an action plan, tailored to the unique learning characteristics of students with dyscalculia, can enhance their visual memory. This study was applied to the visual memory of a second-grade student with learning difficulties in mathematics. Action research, one of the qualitative research designs, was used in the study. The study was conducted over five weeks with unable to read and write student who had received a report of learning difficulties from the Guidance and Research Centre (GRC). A purposive sampling technique was used to identify participant for the study. Pre-test, post-test, action plan, observation notes and records made during the action plan implementation were used as data sources. The data were analysed using descriptive analysis technique. As a result of the implemented action plan, it was observed that the student's visual memory started to improve in the process. It was seen that the student could match the geometric shapes in general but was confused about their names and properties. The student's success rate of 5% in the pre-test reached 40% in the post-test after the action plan was implemented.

MEDIATING EFFECT OF BEHAVIORAL INTENTION ON THE INFLUENCE OF PERCEIVED VALUE, ATTITUDE, AND SUBJECTIVE NORM ON VISIT DECISION

Theory of planned behavior is believed to be a theory that can influence visit decisions. Similarly, the dimension of perceived value becomes a determining factor in tourists' decisions to visit. Aims to study analyze the effect of the Theory of Planned Behavior and perceived value on tourists' visit decisions to Alamendah Tourism Village. Data collection using a purposive sample technique, 100 respondents who had visited Alamendah Tourism Village were given questionnaires to complete in order to collect data.. The research method in this study is a quantitative approach, employing descriptive and verificative data analysis techniques with PLS SEM techniques. The data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS version 4.0. The results of this study are: 1) perceived value, attitude, and perceived behavioral control affect behavioral intention; 2) subjective norm does not affect behavioral intention; and 3) behavioral intention influences actual behavior.