Description Of Profile Research Articles

Analysis of intramolecular modes of liquid water in two-dimensional spectroscopy: A classical hierarchical equations of motion approach.

Two-dimensional (2D) vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful means of investigating the structure and dynamics of complex molecules in condensed phases. However, even in theory, analysis of 2D spectra resulting from complex inter- and intra-molecular motions using only molecular dynamics methods is not easy. This is because molecular motions comprise complex multiple modes and peaks broaden and overlap owing to various relaxation processes and inhomogeneous broadening. On the basis of an anharmonic multimode Brownian oscillator model with nonlinear system-bath coupling, we have developed an approach that simulates 2D spectra, taking into account arbitrary modes of intermolecular and intramolecular vibrations simultaneously. Although only two-mode quantum calculations are feasible with this model, owing to high computational costs, here we restrict ourselves to the classical case and perform three-mode calculations. We demonstrate the applicability of our method by calculating 2D correlation infrared spectra of water for symmetric stretching, antisymmetric stretching, and bending modes. The quantum effects of these results are deduced by comparing 2D quantum spectra previously obtained for two intramolecular modes with those obtained using our classical approach under the same physical conditions. The results show that the 2D spectra calculated by separating the stretching modes into symmetric and asymmetric modes provide better descriptions of peak profiles, such as the splitting of cross-peaks.

Gender biases and hate speech: Promoters and targets in the Argentinean political context.

Hate speech found in social media a place to flourish. In the Argentinean context, new right-wing parties have disrupted the political arena, winning the elections of 2023. Many of these new right-wing figures grew in popularity due to their use of social media, on a background of increasing political violence. In this article, we use quantitative and qualitative tools to investigate the prevalence of hate speech targeting women politicians and analyze the role of different political affiliations in promoting such discourse. Furthermore, we propose a model that predicts users' political alignments based on their profile descriptions, allowing us to explore the distribution of hate speech among different political orientations. Our results provide a descriptive account of the relationship between hate speech by politicians and other users and shows that right-wing political figures and supporters are strong emissors of hate speech, while women, especially those from the left-wing are more prone to receive violent content.

Genomic profiling and novel vSaβ genomic islands description of enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus

Genomic profiling and novel vSaβ genomic islands description of enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus

Integrating Spatiotemporal and Travel-Related Information for Accurate Urban Passenger Profiling Using GANs

The elaborate description of passenger travel profiles is of significant importance in urban planning, socioeconomic structural design, and individual travel preference analysis. Traditional models often lack consideration of personalized features and exhibit suboptimal performance in constructing spatiotemporal dependencies. To address these issues, this paper proposes a method that integrates spatiotemporal information with travel-related information and employs generative adversarial networks (GANs) for adversarial training. This method accurately fits the true distribution of user travel data, thereby providing detailed profiles of public transportation passengers’ travel behavior. Specifically, the proposed approach considers the complete travel chain of individuals, establishes a spatiotemporal constraint representation model, and utilizes GANs to simulate the distribution of passenger travel, obtaining more compact and high-level travel vector features. The empirical results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately captures passengers’ travel patterns in both the temporal and spatial dimensions, offering technical support for urban transportation planning.

Comparative proteomic and genomic analysis of Lactococcus garvieae and Lactococcus petauri isolates from Turkey

Piscine lactococcosis, a bacterial disease caused by Lactococcus garvieae, L. petauri and L. formosensis, induces mass mortalities in multiple farmed fish species globally. Following the identification of L. petauri as one of the emerging etiological agents of piscine lactococcosis, it was revealed that the majority of isolates previously recognized as L. garvieae actually belong to L. petauri. In this study, a total of 134 Lactococcus sp. isolates, including L. garvieae (n = 40) and L. petauri (n = 94) were analyzed. Differential identification of L. garvieae and L. petauri isolates was performed through basic sucrose fermentation and end-point PCR analysis using species-specific primer sequences. Comparative analysis of capsule formation in both species was conducted for the first time using transmission electron microscopy, whole-cell protein profile via 1D SDS-PAGE, antigenic protein characterization using Western blot analysis, and serological profile description by slide and microagglutination assays. Moreover, comprehensive genomic comparisons were made, deciphering overall genomic relatedness indices, virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance patterns among these closely related species.Analysis showed microcapsule formation in some isolates of L. garvieae and L. petauri for the first time. While a high similarity rate was observed in the whole-cell protein profiles of these species, significant differences were identified among antigenic proteins. Variations between species were observed in slide agglutination and quantitative agglutination tests of L. garvieae and L. petauri field isolates. Capsule-deficient L. garvieae reference and field strain antisera did not agglutinate with each other; however, L. garvieae field strain antisera agglutinated with all L. garvieae field strains and L. petauri strains. These results indicated distinct serological characteristics of capsule-deficient L. garvieae isolates from Turkey compared to previously reported serological classifications.Genomic analyses revealed that none of the investigated L. garvieae and L. petauri isolates harbored the capsule gene cluster. In addition, Turkish isolates of L. garvieae and L. petauri clustered separately from isolates of other geographical origins but together with each other. This study aims to address the problem of lactococcosis, commonly referred to as “Summer Mortality Outbreak and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases,” in a wide variety of cultured fish species through the selected L. garvieae and L. petauri isolates as potential vaccine strains.

Description of the clinical profile of individuals with schistosomiasis in an urban transmission area in the Metropolitan Region of Recife - PE

Description of the clinical profile of individuals with schistosomiasis in an urban transmission area in the Metropolitan Region of Recife - PE

Lessons from Recent Measles Post-Campaign Coverage Surveys Worldwide.

Measles elimination strategies include supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) to rapidly fill immunity gaps. Post-campaign coverage surveys (PCCSs) are recommended to assess SIA coverage. We characterized selected PCCSs performed following recent SIAs, highlighting specific challenges and strengths, and provide recommendations for improvement. We extracted national SIA data from the global measles/MR SIA database for the period of 2020-2023 and reviewed PCCS reports available at the World Health Organization headquarters. We extracted selected information on PCCS implementation, including information about the implementer, sampling, and main results. Only 15 of 66 countries (23%) with a national-level SIA performed since 2020 had a PCCS report available. We reviewed those reports, plus six more, following three 2019 SIAs with a delayed PCCS and two PCCSs following large subnational SIAs (Kenya 2021 and Yemen 2023). All 24 PCCS reports available were from Gavi-eligible countries, with 15 from South Saharan Africa (Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Ethiopia had two PCCSs). Eleven (45.8%) PCCSs were conducted within three months of the end of the SIA. All included sampling information and most had percentage of participation. Description of the interviewers' profiles varied but was limited. PCCS coverage was lower than administrative data in all but two instances. All PCCSs collected data on previous measles vaccination status that would allow exploring indicators on the SIA reaching previously measles zero-dose children. Of the 12 PCCSs reporting coverage among previously measles zero-dose children, nine reported coverage among this group of more than 50% (range: 12% and 91.6%). Even though a PCCS following an SIA is recommended and a requirement in Gavi-supported countries, most SIAs are not followed by a PCCS and, when performed, the timeliness of survey implementation needs improvement. Recent PCCSs were independently conducted and reports included basic survey information, but analysis and presentation of survey results vary particularly for measles zero-dose-related indicators. More guidance and technical support on how to implement PCCSs, including standardization of reports and more in-depth PCCS analyses, may help improve reporting and use of available PCCS data.

Anthropogenic Impact on Soils of Cities Irkutsk, Angarsk

The morphological field description of soil profiles of the territory of Irkutsk region was carried out. Samples of soils, soil-forming rocks and vegetation were taken for further physical and chemical analyses to determine soil properties in the studied areas. Sample preparation of soils was carried out, phytotoxicity of soils was analyzed. Processing of the obtained data was carried out, as a result of which the percentage of germination of radish seeds in the upper horizons of soils of the key areas of Irkutsk and Angarsk cities was revealed, the length of shoots and the length of roots in the soils of the studied samples were measured, the index of soil toxicity was calculated.

Cardiovascular Imaging in the Era of Precision Medicine: Insights from Advanced Technologies - A Narrative Review.

Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for a high mortality rate globally. Precision medicine has emerged as an essential tool for improving cardiovascular disease outcomes. In this context, using advanced imaging exams is fundamental in cardiovascular precision medicine, enabling more accurate diagnoses and customized treatments. This review aims to provide a concise review on how advanced cardiovascular imaging supports precision medicine, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and future directions. A literature review was carried out using the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases, using search strategies that combined terms such as precision medicine, cardiovascular diseases, and imaging tests. More advanced analysis aimed at diagnosing and describing cardiovascular diseases in greater detail is made possible by tests such as cardiac computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and cardiac positron emission tomography. In addition, the aggregation of imaging data with other omics data allows for more personalized treatment and a better description of patient profiles. The use of advanced imaging tests is essential in cardiovascular precision medicine. Although there are still technical and ethical obstacles, it is essential that there is collaboration between health professionals, as well as investments in technology and education to better disseminate cardiovascular precision medicine and consequently promote improved patient outcomes.

Characterization and monitoring of changes during lactation in the profile of multiple bioactive compounds of milk from grazing mares.

Mare milk has often been considered a food product with potential functional properties. However, the bioactive compound composition of mare milk, including vitamins and other minor bioactive compounds, as well as factors affecting this composition have scarcely been studied. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize the changes during lactation in the content of water- and fat-soluble vitamins and total polyphenols, and the total antioxidant capacity of mare milk from semi-extensive farms. A total of 310 individual milk samples from 18 mares belonging to three commercial farms and 12 lactation times were analyzed. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), nicotinic acid and niacinamide (vitamins B3), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), pyridoxal and pyridoxine (vitamins B6), folic acid (vitamin B9), cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E) and retinol and retinyl esters (vitamin A) were quantified using liquid chromatography. Total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity assays were analyzed using spectrophotometry. The concentration of most bioactive compounds tended to decline as lactation progressed, with the exception of polyphenols and the total antioxidant capacity that oscillated during lactation. On the other hand, the effect of the different semi-extensive management of the farms was only significant for vitamin B3 content. To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the most in-depth description of the vitamin profile of mare milk as well as new insights into polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of mare milk. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

¬¬The socio-economic profile of hikers in the mountains of Valencia Region, Spain: a comparative study between the perceptions of hikers' accommodation entrepreneurs and the hikers’ profile

The main objective of this study is to compare the perceptions of the socioeconomic profile that tourism operators have about their hikers/visitors with the socioeconomic profile of hiking users in the mountains of Valencia region (Spain). A mixed methodology has been used. First, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs in the tourism industry. Secondly, 154 surveys were carried out with hikers to characterize their profile. Both samples were cross-checked to see the similarities and differences between the perceptions of both groups. The results indicate that changes in consumer trends, with the emergence of new market niches that are very interesting from a tourism point of view, such as the public new and very interesting market niches from a tourism point of view, such as women and senior female and senior public, as well as the local tourist or one-day hikers. These market segments represent an opportunity to consolidate an increasingly growing market.an increasingly growing market. The results indicate that there are some similarities between some of the demographic and economic variables studied. However, in other variables there is a misperception of practitioners by employers. This information can help to better target potential tourists. This study also provides a very detailed description of specific profiles of hikers. This information can be very useful both for private sports tourism companies to be able to segment their clients and launch very specific promotional strategies. Keywords: Sports Tourism; Tourism Industry Perceptions; Hikers Profile, Hiking, Spain

Development of an Untargeted Method for the Analysis of the Volatile Profile of Onions via Solid-Phase Microextraction Arrow-Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Using Design of Experiments.

The distinctive aroma of onions, consisting primarily of sulfur-containing compounds, is one of the reasons for the popularity of the vegetable. The rapid enzymatic and chemical reactions that occur after the destruction of onion bulb tissue render the analysis of the volatile profile challenging. Therefore, sample preparation is a crucial step in the analysis of the onion volatilome, but it often does not receive the necessary attention in the literature. In this work, we focused on two aspects: Firstly, we compared different sample preparation approaches to maximize the volatile yield and to enable the description of the onion volatile profile as it would emerge after a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) Arrow sampling procedure. For headspace (HS)-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, onion juice with the addition of an ammonium sulfate solution proved to be the best option. Secondly, we optimized the HS sampling and desorption parameters (enrichment time, enrichment temperature, agitator speed, desorption time) for onion volatiles using the efficient design of experiments (DoE) approach. The optimal conditions for the analysis with HS-SPME Arrow were an enrichment time of 75min at 60°C with an agitator speed of 713rpm and a desorption time of 120s.

KAJIAN PROFIL RUJUKAN PADA KASUS PRE EKLAMSIA DI RSUD DATU SANGGUL RANTAU

One of the complications of pregnancy/delivery is pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Objective is knowing the description of the referral profile in the case of pre-eclampsia at Datu Sanggul Rantau Hospital. Quantitative research was conducted in February 2023. The population was all pregnant, postpartum and postpartum women with pre-eclampsia cases from January 2021 - November 2022 totaling 122 cases. The total sampling technique was analyzed using univariate. The results of the study showed that the highest number of each characteristic was the origin of referrals, namely 84 people (69%), the highest number of referrals complete with officers and referral letters, namely 89 people (73%), the age of most respondents was in the risk category > 35 years 53 people (43%), the most gestational age was term term 83 people (68%), parity was primipara 53 people (43%), the stages of delivery in the mother during intrapartum were 76 people (62%), the classification of the diagnosis of pre eclampsia in cases of pre severe eclampsia, namely 86 people (70%) and the most pre-referral action was given pre-referral action, namely 82 people (67%). The conclusion is referral profile description consists of origin, of referral completeness of referral, age, gestational age, parity, diagnosis, and pre-referral measures.

Accuracy assessment of the geomorphon approach to detect ecological sites in the Dry Chaco region of Argentina

Ecological sites are a classification of local-land types based on differences in important environmental factors including soil properties, slope and landscape position within a geomorphologic and climatic zone. The concept is pivotal to conduct adaptative management in arid rangelands because it defines homogeneous areas over which specific soil-vegetation-disturbance dynamic occurs. Geomorphon is a computationally efficient method that uses Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) for the classification of landforms at multiple scales. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the geomorphon approach to map ecological sites in a 11,259-ha study area within the Dry Chaco region of Argentina, utilizing local topographic positions along soil catena as a predictor of broader ecological sites classes. We used two DEM pixel resolutions (12.5 m and 30 m) and optimized the flatness threshold (t) and search radius (L) geomorphon parameters. As “ground truth” we used legacy data of 62 soil profiles descriptions. The geomorphon elements detected were reclassified into the three main ecological sites of the study area: highlands, midlands and lowlands. We used the overall disagreement (D) as the main metric for evaluating the accuracy of ecological site classifications. We found that: i) the lowest t value (0.05°) captured subtle topographical changes and thus more effectively reflected the soil-landscape relationship, and ii) larger L values paired with the lower pixel resolution (30 m) diminished the impact of minor landforms, improving the accuracy of ecological site detections. We determined that the geomorphon model with the pixel resolution of 30 m, t-value of 0.05°, and L-value of 12 produced the ecological site classification map with the highest accuracy, achieving a moderate-high accuracy (D of 33.9 %). Our study suggests that the geomorphon approach shows potential for consistent, reproducible and easily updatable ecological site mapping over larger areas.

A spatiotemporal comparative analysis on tumor immune microenvironment characteristics between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and preoperative immunotherapy for ESCC

The average five-year survival rate for esophageal cancer, a common malignant tumor of the digestive system, is barely 20%. The majority of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients had already progressed to a locally advanced or even advanced stage at initial diagnosis, making routine surgery ineffective. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are important neoadjuvant treatments for ESCC, however, it remains unknown how treatment will affect the immunological microenvironment, especially at the spatial level. Here, we presented the TME characters of ESCC from the temporal and spatial dimensions using scRNA-seq and ST, investigated the changes of immune cell clusters in the TME under neoadjuvant chemotherapy and preoperative immunotherapy, and explored the potential mechanisms. It was found that compared with chemotherapy, immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy increased the level of T cell proliferation, partially restored the function of exhausted T cells, induced the expansion of specific exhausted CD8 T cells, increased the production of dendritic cells (DCs), and supported the immune hot microenvironment of the tumor. We also found that CD52 and ID3 have potential as biomarkers of ESCC. Particularly, CD52 may be served as a predictor of the efficacy to screen the advantaged population of different regimens. Through multiple pathways, CAF2 and CAF5’s antigen-presenting role affected the other fibroblast clusters, resulting in malignant transformation. We analyzed the immune microenvironment differences between the two regimens to provide a more thorough description of the ESCC microenvironment profile and serve as a foundation for customized neoadjuvant treatment of ESCC.

The high dimensional Fisher-KPP nonlocal diffusion equation with free boundary and radial symmetry, part 2: Sharp estimates

This is the second part of a two-part series devoted to an in depth understanding of the dynamical behaviour of the radially symmetric Fisher-KPP nonlocal diffusion equation with free boundary |x|=h(t). In Part 1 [19], we have shown that the long-time dynamics of this problem is characterised by a spreading-vanishing dichotomy, and there exists a threshold condition on the diffusion kernel J(|x|) such that the spreading speed is ∞ when this condition is not satisfied, and when it is satisfied, the finite spreading speed c0 is determined by an associated semi-wave problem established in [15]. In Part 2 here, we obtain more precise description of the spreading profile by focusing on some natural classes of kernel functions, including those satisfying J(|x|)∼|x|−β for |x|≫1 in RN. Our results for such kernels reveal a striking difference of behaviour from the pattern exhibited in the one dimension case [18] when β crosses the value N+2. More precisely, (a) when β∈(N,N+1], we show that for t≫1, h(t)∼t1/(β−N) if β∈(N,N+1), and h(t)∼tln⁡t if β=N+1, which is of the same pattern as in dimension one, namely we recover the result in [18] by letting N=1 in the above statements; (b) when β∈(N+1,N+2], the front has a finite spreading speed c0=c0(β) in the sense that limt→∞⁡h(t)/t=c0, and our results here on the order of shift c0t−h(t) are again of the same pattern as in dimension one; (c) when β>N+2, the front still has a finite spreading speed c0, but a significant change happens to the order of shift c0t−h(t) between N≥2 and N=1: for t≫1, c0t−h(t)∼ln⁡t when N≥2, but c0t−h(t)∼1 when N=1.

The effect of inhomogeneous terms for asymptotic profiles of solutions to second-order abstract evolution equations with time-dependent dissipation

The inhomogeneous problem of second-order evolution equations with a time-dependent dissipation term of the form u″+Au+b(t)u′=g(t) in a real Hilbert space H is considered, where A is a general nonnegative selfadjoint operator in H. The result is the explicit description of asymptotic profile of solutions of such a problem when the dissipation b provides a diffusive structure with a suitable restriction. The proof is a basic energy method with a scope of well-behaved quantity for the diffusive structure.

Attributes and Fertility Ranking of Lade Soils in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

A major constraint restraining agricultural production in Nigeria is the scarcity of gen on soil property. The concomitant improper land use results in land degradation and dwindled agrarian efficiency. Consequently, this study seeks to assess the physicochemical attributes and classify and rank Lade soils according to fertility potential. The free survey was conducted to collect representative soil data. Six (6) profile pits designated L1 to L6 were dug to characterize the mapping units using soil samples obtained from horizons in respective profiles for the study of physical and chemical characteristics employing standard laboratory techniques. Profile description and soil classification at the Great Group level followed USDA guidelines. Fertility Capability Classification system was used to evaluate the soils for arable cropping. Soil was indicative of a relatively high structural index (>9%), strong to slightly acidic (4.0 – 6.3). Organic carbon (8.02 – 9.24 g kg -1 ), available P (9.66 – 25.76 mg kg -1 ) and total N (0.09 – 0.34 g kg -1 ) were mostly moderate. Extractable bases ranged from high to very high while soil color diverse from dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) on the surface to reddish brown (2.5YR 4/3) in the subsoils. Soils L1 - L6 were classified as Endoaqualfs, Kandiustalfs, Haplustalfs, Haplustalfs, Plinthustalfs and Kandiustalfs, respectively. Potential suitability for arable crop place pedons L1 and L3 in class S2 (moderately suitable), whereas other pedons were rated as S3 (marginally suitable). The study gives an insight into the judicious use of inorganic fertilizer combined with good residue management and drainage for fertility improvement of the soil. Keywords : Characterization, Fertility capability classification, nutrient status, sandstone, soil taxonomy

Theory and Experiment of the Limiting Current in Impinging Jet Electrodes

Recently, flow cells with a confined impinging jet type have emerged as a promising hydrodynamic electrochemical setup for non-conventional square model electrodes that cannot be measured in the commonly used rotating disk electrode (RDE) setup1. Due to the complex hydrodynamic flow profiles, these flow cell types usually rely on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for the description of the local current density profiles and overall current-potential characteristics2. In this work, we present an advanced analytical model of the limiting current in confined impinging jet electrodes and validate the model with experimental data and corresponding CFD simulations.Around 350 parameter sets of the confined impinging jet electrode arrangement were analyzed by varying the inlet diameter (d), distance between inlet-nozzle and electrode (H), electrode radius (RIII), and volume flow rate (V0). Figure 1 shows the proposed analytical solution which separates the electrode into three different diffusion regions: (i) wall-tube region (blue rectangle), (ii) wall-jet region (green rectangle), and finally (iii) radial channel-flow region (orange rectangle). The approach allows predicting the limiting current characteristics for a broad variety of impinging jet electrodes, including the confined impinging jet electrode type. The flow line profiles obtained by CFD simulations are in excellent agreement with the analytically determined regimes with radii RI and RII and flow regime transitions. Very importantly, for the construction of ideal wall-tube electrodes the transition point RI can now be described by our analytical model in high accuracy and requires no more in-depth numerical or experimental studies3. We determined an average relative error over all parameter points compared to the numerical CFD simulations to be 7.8 %. In contrast, the analytical formula for free wall-jets4 to the entire electrode is in the range of 29 %. Furthermore, using a 3D-printed flow cell geometry (H = 0.7 mm; d = 0.5 mm) with the confined impinging jet type, the obtained experimental data confirm the here developed analytical model. The experimental data for different electrode radii (1 mm < R < 3 mm) using the ferrocyanide/ferricyanide redox pair ([Fe(CN)6]4-/[Fe(CN)6]3-) also show good agreement to the analytical model with an average deviation of 6 %.In summary, we have developed an analytical model that allows an accurate prediction of the limiting current for different geometries of the impinging jet electrode. Based on numerical and experimental approaches, our model shows an accuracy of below 10 %, which is very remarkable compared to the current models reported in the literature. The results of this study help to improve the design and construction of electrochemical flow cells based on this electrode type as an alternative to the classic RDE setup.

Empirical approaches for non-linear site response: results for the ESG6-blind test

As a contribution to step 3 of the ESG6 blind prediction exercise, we present an application of two different, purely empirical approaches to estimate the strong ground motion at a soft site ("KUMA") from the observed ground motion at a reference rock site ("SEVO") for the two largest shocks of the Kumamoto 2016 sequence. The two methods estimate the non-linear transfer function between a reference rock and a sedimentary site by modifying the linear transfer function derived from weak motion recordings. The modification is based either on a machine learning tool based on a wide collection of Japanese weak and strong motion recordings and the associated site metadata (method 1), or on an estimate of a site-specific parameter related to an average non-linear site response (method 2). The acceleration time series are then derived at the sedimentary site of interest using an estimation of the time delay between wave arrivals at the rock and site stations, and a minimum phase assumption for the site transfer function. These predictions were made blindly, but after the ESG6 conference they could be compared both with the actual ground motion recorded at KUMA during the two shocks, and the average and range of all other predictions preformed for this benchmark. Both of these purely empirical methods provide an honorable prediction of usual engineering ground motion parameters of the two target events. The performance of these two purely empirical approaches is at least comparable to those of the numerical simulation methods for the foreshock—if not better—and slightly worse for the (largest) mainshock. As the methods required only recordings of weak motions at the target and a referent sites and very simple description of the soil profile. The use of moderate motions to constrain the frequency shift prediction for the second method and the consideration of an alternative phase modification are possible ways to improvement.Graphical