The desalination of sea and salty water is one of the alternatives in solving the problem of freshwater recourses shortage. Reverse osmosis and distillation desalination methods are widely used for industrial, household and potable water supply. Each method requires definite energy and material costs. That’s why the problem of developing and researching the most effective energy and financial desalination plants is up to date. The aim of our research is the analysis of self-sufficient hygroscopic desalination plant operation efficiency. The comparative analysis of the most popular desalination methods has been carried out. The authors describe the desalination plant components and its operation principle. The main factors that influence plant intensity are determined. The plant developed efficiency is to increase the performance due to additional steam generation on the basis of steam-gas-liquid balanced condition law. Energy effectiveness increase is reached thanks to heat energy recycling in a condenser-separator and in a fresh water coil. The authors state that one of the best ways to accelerate the hygroscopic desalination process is to increase the initial temperature of water in barbotage area. The plant developed is characterized with high energy effectiveness, low costs and high quality of fresh water obtained.