DES Algorithm Research Articles

ENHANCING ALGORITHMS FOR SECURED DATA STORAGE IN PUBLIC CLOUD ENVIRONMENT

Now a day's cloud computing is used in many areas such as industry, military, colleges etc to store huge amount of data. We can retrieve data from cloud on request of user. To store data on cloud we have to face many issues. To provide the solution to these issues there are n number of ways. Cryptography and steganography techniques are used now a day's for data security. Use of a single algorithm is not effective for high level security to data in cloud computing. In my project I have introduced new security mechanism using symmetric key cryptography algorithm and steganography. In this proposed system AES, DES, and RC6 algorithms are used to provide block wise security to data. All algorithm key, size is 128 bit. LSB steganography technique is introduced for key information security. Key information contains part of file is encrypted using by which algorithm and key. File is splited into three parts. Each and every part of file is encrypted using different algorithm. All parts of file are encrypted simultaneously with the help of multithreading technique. Data encryption Keys are inserted into cover image using LSB technique. Stego image is send to valid receiver using email. For file decryption purpose reverse process of encryption is applied

Image Steganography In Securing Sound File Using Arithmetic Coding Algorithm, Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) and Modified Least Significant Bit (MLSB)

The amount of data inserted in the form of audio samples that use 8 bits with LSB algorithm, affect the value of PSNR which resulted in changes in image quality of the insertion (fidelity). So in this research will be inserted audio samples using 5 bits with MLSB algorithm to reduce the number of data insertion where previously the audio sample will be compressed with Arithmetic Coding algorithm to reduce file size. In this research will also be encryption using Triple DES algorithm to better secure audio samples. The result of this research is the value of PSNR more than 50dB so it can be concluded that the image quality is still good because the value of PSNR has exceeded 40dB.

Implementasi Algoritma Data Encryption Standard Pada Penyandian Record Database

Record databases are generally still often displayed in text form as information for users, so it can facilitate cryptanalyst to access and provide opportunities to do the leak, distribute or modify the database records. One of the cryptographic algorithms used to secure data is using the DES algorithm to encrypt the data to be stored or sent. The DES algorithm belongs to a cryptographic system of symmetry and is a type of block cipher. DES operates on a 64-bit block size. DES describes 64 bits of plaintext to 64 bits of ciphertext using 56 bits of internal key (internal key) or up-key (subkey). The internal key is generated from an external key 64-bit length. This research describes the process of securing database records by encrypting it based on DES algorithm, resulting in text record databases in the form of passwords that are difficult to understand and understand by others. This is done in an attempt to minimize the misuse of database records.

PENGAMANAN CITRA GRAYSCALE MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA AES 128 DENGAN KUNCI CITRA GRAYSCALE

Cryptography is the science of maintaining or securing an information by scrambling or hiding information so that it is difficult to analyze. The algorithm used in this study is the AES 128 algorithm that has been changed using the grayscale image. The AES algorithm is a modern algorithm that replaces the DES algorithm, and is an algorithm that is chosen to secure a data / message because it is efficient and has strong security. In the process, the grayscale image key is divided into 16 blocks of pixels, pixels are operated on each block with XOR operations so that one character will be obtained for each block. From the XOR process of pixels in 16 blocks, 16 characters or 128 bits long will be obtained. The data used in this study are plain images in the form of grayscale images and keys in the form of grayscale images as well. Grayscale (plain image) images will be encrypted with an image key that is also a grayscale image. Initially, the key will be taken from a grayscale image by dividing 16 blocks to get a 128-bit long key, then generating the key with the key generator in the AES algorithm so that it will get 10 sub-keys. Then encryption is done with 10 subkeys that were obtained using the AES algorithm. The results of the encryption process will produce an encoded image or cipher image that does not contain information from the plain image. The results of this algorithm are fairly safe against attacks because they have varied and sensitive keys.
 Keywords: Cryptography, AES, Rijndael Algorithm, Grayscale

Secure data in cloud with multimodal key generation

Data Security is the Major problem in Cloud Computing. In order to overcome the data security problem the proposed technique utilizes effective data storage using biometric-based cryptographic authentication to support the user authentication for the cloud environment. For user authentication here we are considering iris and fingerprint. Initially the feature values are extracted from the iris and fingerprint using local binary pattern and Minutiae extraction respectively. Local binary pattern operator works with the eight neighbors of a pixel, using the value of this center pixel as a threshold. Minutiae points are the major features of a fingerprint image and are used in the matching of fingerprints. These minutiae points are used to determine the uniqueness of a fingerprint image. Based on that the proposed feature values are extracted from the iris and fingerprint image. In order to improve the security, the suggested technique utilizes the optimal features. For selecting the optimal features hybrid particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm (HPSOGA) is utilized. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population based stochastic optimization technique. The system is initialized with a population of random solutions and searches for optima by updating generations. In PSO, the potential solutions, called particles, fly through the problem space by following the current optimum particles. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are adaptive heuristic search algorithm based on the evolutionary ideas of natural selection and genetics. In our proposed method these two optimization algorithm is hybrid for more secure. From the optimization algorithm the suggested technique selects the optimal features. and then the optimal features are used to encrypt the input data. For encryption and decryption, the proposed technique utilizes Triple DES algorithm. Finally the encrypted data is stored in cloud. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated in terms of encryption and decryption time, memory utilization and overall execution time. Our proposed data storage using biometric-based authentication is implemented with the help of Cloud simulator in the working platform of java.

Side-Channel Attack on a Protected RFID Card

Side-channel attack is a known security risk to smart cards, and there have been efforts by smart card manufacturers to incorporate side-channel attack countermeasures. In this paper, we study a widely used smart card that uses the 3DES algorithm. First, a platform is setup to extract the power consumption information from the electromagnetic wave. Based on the findings from the initial analysis, we determine that the card is equipped with a “head and tail protection” mechanism. Second, a chosen-plaintext power analysis with a complexity of 216 is proposed, which is designed to recover the second round key from the power leakage in the third round. Then, a slicing-collision-algebraic attack is presented, which decreases the complexity to 26 rapidly. The experiments show that after collecting 20000 power traces (in approximately 200 s), only $2^{6} \times 8$ key guesses and another 177 searches (about 300 seconds) are sufficient in recovering the 56-bit source keys of DES successfully. In other words, we demonstrate how the security of the 3DES card can be easily compromised, using side-channel attacks. Finally, we recommend that the head and tail protection should extend to the first and last four rounds, at the minimal, in order to be side-channel attack resilience.

On the Effectiveness of IP-Routable Entire-Packet Encryption Service Over Public Networks (November 2018)

The Internet is an unsecured public network accessed by approximately half of the world population. There are several techniques, such as cryptography, end-to-end encryption, and tunneling, used to preserve data security and integrity and to reduce information theft. This is because the security of data transmission over public networks is an ever-questionable issue. However, none of the above techniques are capable of providing the flexibility of changing either the algorithm or its key at the intermediary routers according to the requirements of stakeholders, e.g., ISPs or Internet users. Although the transmitted data are encrypted and unreadable, the metadata contained in the packet headers are readable during traversal. Nonetheless, service-based Internet architectures, e.g., IoT architectures, demand the analysis the data streams at the intermediary routers to provide smart services such as strengthening the security of the data streams. To this end, this paper proposes a method to use service-oriented routers for providing secure data transmission by encrypting data packets including the header and trailer information. A prototype of the proposed method is implemented on the ns-3 simulator, and this paper discusses the implementation notes and evaluation of the test results. The test results demonstrate that there is only an average processing cost of 180.14/191.35, 213.96/257.41, 157.56/170.68, and 235.48/ $249.49~\mu \text{s}$ for encrypting the total encrypted combined packets/total encrypted separate packets using IDEA, DES, AES-GCM, and AES-CTR encryption algorithms, respectively, with a 256-bit key space. This is significantly lower than the tolerable transmission delay (150 ms) defined by the ITU-T.

Strain Sensor and Accelerometer Communication Channels in Drill Pipes of Oil Wells: Delay Spreads and Eigenvalues

Many symmetric encryption algorithms have been proposed since long time back. They are used to protect the data either during transmission, storage or both. All symmetric algorithms are using a single key used for encryption and decryption same data. In this paper, we have designed a new approach of symmetric algorithm UR8. It is fiestel network and able to encrypt and decrypt 128 bits block cipher. Further, UR8 algorithm uses 64 bits key size and 8 rounds to encrypt and decrypt the data. Thereafter, we have evaluated UR8 algorithm based on the time required for encryption and decryption, throughput, memory utilization and average data rate. As well, the evaluation result has been compared to DES algorithm.

Enhanced K-means clustering with encryption on cloud

This paper tries to solve the problem of storing and managing big files over cloud by implementing hashing on Hadoop in big-data and ensure security while uploading and downloading files. Cloud computing is a term that emphasis on sharing data and facilitates to share infrastructure and resources.[10] Hadoop is an open source software that gives us access to store and manage big files according to our needs on cloud. K-means clustering algorithm is an algorithm used to calculate distance between the centroid of the cluster and the data points. Hashing is a algorithm in which we are storing and retrieving data with hash keys. The hashing algorithm is called as hash function which is used to portray the original data and later to fetch the data stored at the specific key. [17] Encryption is a process to transform electronic data into non readable form known as cipher text. Decryption is the opposite process of encryption, it transforms the cipher text into plain text that the end user can read and understand well. For encryption and decryption we are using Symmetric key cryptographic algorithm. In symmetric key cryptography are using DES algorithm for a secure storage of the files. [3]

Message from editor

Message from Editor
 Dear Readers,
 It is a great honor for us to publish fourth volume, third issue International Journal of Innovative Research in Education (IJIRE).
 International Journal of Innovative Research in Education welcomes original empirical investigations and comprehensive literature review articles. The journal aims to promote new innovative ideas in all fields of education.
 The journal provides an international platform for researchers, managers, scientists, professionals and professors of educational sciences to publish high quality refereed papers comprising comprehensive leading trends of education.
 Topics on the the effect of Hadith instruction and learning on Muslims and Non-Muslims, students’ views on DNR-based instruction, Support Vector Machine working on FPGA and the segmentation method of brain MR screening, identification of the perceived family support of patients treated by hemodialysis therapy due to chronic kidney failure in North Cyprus, Comparative examination of RSA and SEA algorithms for computer engineering education, ceramic wall panels in architecture, Performance analysis of AES, DES, and RSA Algorithms for computer science education and content analysis on the orientations of place-based/outdoor environmental education are included into this issue. The topics of the next issue will be different. We will be trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge in which different kinds of topics are discussed in the next volume.
 A total number of fifteen (15) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of eight (8) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication for this issue.
 We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.
 Best regards,
 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zehra Ozcinar
 Editor – in Chief

Performance analysis of AES, DES, and RSA Algorithms for computer science education

Nowadays, due to the position of technology, the need for cyber security has increased considerably. The most personal information of people is easily accessible on the internet. Information such as banking information, personal information, state secrets, military secrets need to be protected. Many encryption algorithms have been developed to protect people's personal information and state secrets. In this article, comparison of RSA, AES, DES, algorithms is done.. These comparisons were made considering the speed of the algorithms. Keywords: DES, RSA , SEA , algorithm analysis, performance evaluation, big o.

Implementasi Algoritme 3DES pada Sistem Sharing Electronic Health Record (EHR) Berbasis Cloud

Electronic Health Record (EHR) or medical history has been widely adopted to enable healthcare providers such as hospitals, insurance companies, and patients, to create, organize, and access EHR information from anywhere and at any time. From a health standpoint, to improve the quality of patient care, an EHR storage center is needed to ensure the EHR's novelty at all times. This underlies the need for an efficient, safe, and inexpensive mechanism for sharing EHR among health care providers. Cloud Computing has become a promising paradigm and gains more attention from academia and industry. This paradigm shifts the location of the computer infrastructure to third parties. Cloud computing not only increases the efficiency of storage and exchange of medical data but also allows accessing medical data from anywhere and anytime. In this paper, a mechanism of cloud-based sharing system equipped with the 3DES algorithm to secure health history data and the use of the smart card as a medium for controlling patient information access is proposed. The results of the tests indicate that the built system has fulfilled the security requirements such as privacy, authentication, confidentiality and integrity.

A Review of Information Security using Cryptography Technique

Data security has become crucial aspect nowadays in every sectors. So in order to protect it various methods and algorithm have been implemented. It protects its availability, privacy and integrity. More companies stores business and individuals information on computer than ever before. Much of the information stored is highly confidential and not for public viewing. In this paper I have reviewed the cryptography algorithm which is based on block cipher concept. To write this paper I have study about information security using cryptography technique. After the detailed study of network security using cryptography. This paper is dividing in three sections. In section 1, I am presenting just basic introduction about in information security using cryptography. In section 2, I am presenting detailed description about cryptography algorithms like symmetric key algorithm like DES,AES ,blowfish and Asymmetric key algorithm like RSA , Diffie–Hellman key exchange algorithm. In section 3, I am presenting conclusion and references where I have completed my research.

Evaluation of four encryption algorithms for viability, reliability and performance estimation

Data and information in storage, in transit or during processing are found in various computers and computing devices with wide range of hardware specifications. Cryptography is the knowledge of using codes to encrypt and decrypt data. It enables one to store sensitive information or transmit it across computer in a more secured ways so that it cannot be read by anyone except the intended receiver. Cryptography also allows secure storage of sensitive data on any computer. Cryptography as an approach to computer security comes at a cost in terms of resource utilization such as time, memory and CPU usability time which in some cases may not be in abundance to achieve the set out objective of protecting data. This work looked into the memory construction rate, different key size, CPU utilization time period and encryption speed of the four algorithms to determine the amount of computer resource that is expended and how long it takes each algorithm to complete its task. Results shows that key length of the cryptographic algorithm is proportional to the resource utilization in most cases as found out in the key length of Blowfish, AES, 3DES and DES algorithms respectively. Further research can be carried out in order to determine the power utilization of each of these algorithms. Keywords : Algorithm, Cryptography, Encryption, Evaluation, Performance, Decryption

A novel dual authentication protocol (DAP) for multi-owners in cloud computing

Cloud computing has reached the peak of Gartner hype cycle, and now the focus of every industry is the ability to scale with minimal investment. Scalability comes with its own challenges of data privacy and secured communication, and one of the key privacy concern is caused by frequent changes in membership and multiple owner data sharing. To address secured data sharing, a new dual authentication protocol for secure transmission of data with two level of authentication along with precedence based access control List has been proposed. Proven Triple DES algorithm is used for data encryption, wherein data Owners can encrypt data using their Identity with additional security attributes and the encrypted data is stored in cloud. Only the users who satisfies the encrypted attributes can decrypt the original data, and users can be anonymous if they want to be. Our proposed dual authentication protocol for multi-owner makes the system secured and robust and has been verified through multiple scenarios.

APLIKASI ALGORITMA DES (DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD) UNTUK PENGAMAN DATA

Cryptography is a field of knowledge which uses a mathematical equation to perform the encryption and decryption process. This technique is used to convert the data into a specific code, with the aim that the stored information can not be read by anyone except those who are eligible. In this final project will be presented the design of cryptographic applications with cryptographic algorithm Data Encryption Standard. This cryptographic applications implementing encryption and decryption method using the DES algorithm.This research will presenting application design of crioptographic and its algorithm data of DES. This application will implementing the way of encryption and decription using DES. DES algorithm is adopted as standard algorithm. Since that, DES has been used in desimination information widely to protect data savely. In every day live, DES is using in many applications like to encrypt PIN (Personal Identity Number) in ATM and Banking transactions via internet. Even government organitations in US like Departmen of Energy, Justice Department, and Federal Reserve System are using DES to protect their data desiminations.
 The principt of DES working is devides information in special blocks, so that DES is known as cipherblock. The messages will be randomly using standard matrix in DES alhgorithm. The first proces will generate DES key algorithm. Cipherblock with 64 bits block size. Because in this application we have designed internal key altogether in enription process. The next we will to do enription process. The steps in doine encryption will begin with choosing file .txt. This file contents will be changed as binery numbers using ASCII as reference. The changing file as binary will be devided into 64 bits. Its means automatically that in DES algorithm using 8-characters or 64-bits.
 Next step, the deviding text will be permutated using first permutation matrix, the goal is to randomice plaintext. The randomice text will devivided into 2 blocks which 32-bits in length. Each block will use L0 dan R0 as symbol. The next process will do 16-cycling process. After 16-cycling process, both blocks will put in unity. After that, we will final permutation with using permutation matrix iP-1

Perancangan dan Penerapan Algoritme 4DES (Studi Kasus Pada Keamanan Berkas Rekam Medis)

Information is necessary for life because everything can not be done properly in the absence of information. The security problem is one of the most crucial aspects of a file containing sensitive information, for example, medical record files. Often, the file owner, designer, and manager of the information systems pay less attention to the security issues. One way to anticipate this is by using a cryptographic method, which is the science and art to keep the message security. This study aimed to evaluate the performance analysis and building a security system prototype of medical record files using the 4DES algorithm. The 4DES algorithm is a variant of the 3DES algorithm that is more robust and capable of protecting information properly. The 4DES security system has four keys; each key has a key length of 64 bits so that the total length of four keys is 256 bits and K1≠K2≠K3≠K4. The encrypted / decrypted files (Word, Excel, and Image) using an external key of minimum eight characters (64 bits). During encryption, there was an addition of padding bytes in each of data block size to minimalized attack from the attacker using a CBC operation mode process. Results showed that the processing speed of the encrypted files using the 4DES was 1 second faster than that of using the 3DES algorithm. Also, the 4DES algorithm has superiority regarding of file safety, which has time enduring 3.45 x10 56 years longer to brute force attack technique which able to discover text file and the secret key.

Machine Learning Applied to the Recognition of Cryptographic Algorithms Used for Multimedia Encryption

This paper presents a study of encrypted multimedia files in order to identify the encryption algorithm. Audio and video files were encoded with distinct cryptographic algorithms and then metadata were extracted from these cryptograms. The algorithm identification is obtained by using data mining techniques. Therefore, the procedure first stage performs the encryption of audio and video files using DES, Blowfish, RSA, and RC4 algorithms. Then, the encrypted files were submitted to the data mining algorithms: J48, FT, PART, Complement Naive Bayes, and Multilayer Perceptron classifiers. The resulting confusion matrices compiled into charts and it was possible to notice that the percentage of identification for each of the algorithms is greater than a probabilistic bid. There are several scenarios where algorithm identification reaches almost full recognition.

Implementation of DES and AES Cryptographic Algorithms in Accordance with Cloud Computing

Implementation of DES and AES Cryptographic Algorithms in Accordance with Cloud Computing

A Robust Approach for Mixed Technique of Data Encryption Between DES and RC4 Algorithm

In this research, the well-known encryption algorithms in the encryption Systems, namely DES & RC4 and the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm are reviewed and evaluated. These two algorithms are combined to produce of new algorithm which is more efficient unscrambling due to the increasing of the level of complexity that make it highly resistance to several attacks. The new algorithm is implemented to show its efficiency in term of time complexity, (i.e. Breaking the code will be much more complicated than if it would have been occurring through the use of each algorithm individually), this process can be achieved with a very small time difference
 (approximately neglected in the encryption process(. When this algorithm is applied and tested in practice the following result has been obtained:
 When a block is encrypted using the DES algorithm, the time spent may be (0.000034) milliseconds, but when using the new algorithm to encrypt the same block, the time taken will be about (0.000042) milliseconds. To encrypt 1024 blocks using the DES algorithm, it will take a time of (0.0406),while by using the new algorithm the time taken for encryption is only (0.051). This gives very little increase in time compared to increasing of complexity obtained. Since the new algorithm combining from the two previous, ones allows us to encrypt each block with a key differs from the other one (i.e. each block is encrypted with a different key depending on the preceding block), making it very difficult to break the code leading to an increase in security and information protection against decoding.