Deconstruction Research Articles

"EFFECTIVE" CITIZENSHIP IN THE EU STATES: AN INSTRUMENT OF TERRITORIAL AND POLITICAL (DE)CONSTRUCTION

The article analyzes the transformation and modern conceptual problems of interpreting the essence of the institution of citizenship. The reasons and conditions for rethinking the concept of "citizenship" as the basic principle of relations between the state and a citizen from the state (national) "belonging" to "legal connection" are traced. Historical changes in the understanding of citizenship from Exclusive and Territorial Citizenship to Overlapping, Portable, Elective, Dual or Double, Multiple, and even – Strategic and Effective Citizenship. It is noted that a conceptual shift in understanding the legal relationship between a citizen and the state produces far-reaching implications for the processes of political and legal global integration, transnationalization, international migration, economic and national-territorial transformation, geopolitical (de)construction. It is shown that the modern use of the categories "Strategic" and "Effective" Citizenship "demonstrates a new instrumental approach to the institution of citizenship, especially in the states of the European Union that have introduced supranational European citizenship and agreed on the development of subnational (regional) citizenship, as evidenced by the experience of the Aland Islands Finland. and a general course towards regionalization. The transformation of the institution takes place in the context of legitimizing a new political and legal order, solving the problem of democratic “inclusion”, political participation and its legal regulation in conditions of high migration and socio-economic mobility, and the orientation of the states of the European space towards macro-regional integration against the backdrop of growing needs for demographic labor force replacement.

Re-Animalizing Animal Farm

Interpretations of George Orwell’s Animal Farm have been almost exclusively focused on anthropocentric allegory in the text and what I call the anthropo-allegorical interpretive frame. Given Animal Farm’s iconic and enduring status in English classrooms, I unpack this process, particularly how it is informed and perpetuated by the persistence of human exceptionalism rooted in the humanist literary tradition, and hegemonic approaches to education. I employ Derridean deconstruction to critique the humanist and educational legacies that inform the largely homogenized and de-animalized interpretation and pedagogical applications of Animal Farm. Then I argue for a new, hybridized reading — and teaching — that moves beyond the anthropocentric and toward a more-than-human interpretive and pedagogical orientation that speaks to the oppressions and challenges confronting multiple species, including, but not confined, to our own.

“It’s no ordinary job”: Factors that influence learning and working for midwifery students placed in continuity models of care

BackgroundMaternity policy and guidelines increasingly recommend or stipulate the increased provision of midwifery continuity of carer as a priority model of care. The scale up and sustainability of this model will require that student midwives are competent to provide continuity of carer at the point of qualification. Guidance relating to how to optimally prepare student midwives to work within continuity models is lacking. AimTo explore perspectives and experiences of working within and learning from student placement within continuity models of care. MethodsAn online mixed methods survey aimed at midwifery students and qualified midwives with experience of working within or providing education relating to continuity models. Quantitative results were analysed through descriptive statistics while free text responses were brought together in themes. FindingsBenefits and challenges to placement within continuity models were identified. These provide recommendations that will enhance learning from and skill development within continuity models of care. ConclusionThere is a need for continuity of mentorship and strong relationships between education and practice, and the provision of flexible curriculum content around this to enable students to prioritise appointments with women in their care. System level evaluation and support is needed to guide the optimal provision of continuity models, so that they are effective in improving outcomes and experiences. Foregrounding woman centred care as foundational to education and facilitating the critical deconstruction of dominant discourses that conflict with, and may prevent this form of practice, will promote the provision of care that is integral to these models.

“Tuti is Losing its Uniqueness”: Genealogy Documentation of the Maḥas of Tuti Island and the (De)Construction of Belonging

ABSTRACT Tuti Island is a river island located at the junction of the Blue and the White Nile in Greater Khartoum, the capital region of the Sudan. Through the process of documenting their genealogies, some of inhabitants of Tuti Island have constructed a historical narrative about the origins and early settlement of the island and of the Maḥas extended families who live there. For many of the Maḥas of Tuti, documenting their genealogies is a way of overcoming their fear about the island losing its uniqueness, because of urban master plans through which the island is envisioned as a waterfront development. By attaching their families’ histories to the island, they hope to assert their sense of belonging. Moreover, some of the island’s genealogists have traced their genealogical lines as far back as the time before their ancestors migrated from northern Sudan and ended up on Tuti island. The social alienation Maḥas Tuti are experiencing plays a vital role in driving people to attach their genealogies and family histories to Qāmī, the “original” land of the Maḥas of Tuti island and construct an imagined homeland.

Dekonstruksi Peran Seme dan Uke dalam Manga Shishi mo Kobamazu

This research is descriptive qualitative research with the object of research manga entitled "Shishi mo Kobamazu" (2014) by Kiriyu Kiyoi. This manga is a boy's same-sex love genre that generally has a formula for the roles of Seme and Uke. The role of seme will be considered to have all the masculine traits and the role of uke to have all the feminine traits. In the Shishi mo Kobamazu manga, the roles of Seme and Uke are given a different role concept from manga boy's love in general resulting in a deconstruction of the role concepts of Seme and Uke. The aim of this research is to describe the deconstruction that occurs and its depiction in literary works so that it can be seen that the construction of gender roles in same-sex love relationships does not have a patent provision and can change according to conditions and times. The method used is a literature study. The theory used in this research is Derrida's deconstruction theory and Butler's performativity. Both theories are used to analyze the form of deconstruction in the roles of seme and uke and to understand the concept of gender roles in same-sex relationships. The results show that the character in this manga can display and form a new identity in their seme and uke roles through the performativity of gender roles in same-sex relationships. The new identity in the form of Seme and Uke is not fixed on one gender trait. Seme can be described as having a petite body and characters like women and uke can be described as having a strong and masculine physique. The roles of Seme and Uke can change according to the identity shown by each character in the manga.

Longing for Balance

Abstract The article presents a biography of Andrzej Bobkowski (1913–1961), a Polish émigré writer associated with the Paris-based Instytut Literacki [Literary institute] and the monthly Kultura. Bobkowski belonged to the “1910 generation,” along with Czesław Miłosz, Zygmunt Haupt, and Witold Gombrowicz. He grew up in a family environment that was Protestant and Catholic, bourgeois and aristocratic, military and civilian, with high regard for intellect and physical strength. In 1936, he graduated from the Warsaw School of Economics and began working as a clerk in an office of an iron mill. In March 1939, he and his wife moved to Paris where they witnessed the outbreak of World War II. In Paris, Bobkowski started writing a diary that, redacted, would be published in 1957 in Paris under the title Szkice piórkiem. Francja 1940–1944 [Wartime notebooks: France 1940–1944]. During the war, Bobkowski was active in the Polish Office at the Atelier de Construction de Chatillon near Paris. After the war, he joined cultural initiatives of the Polish anti-communist emigration. Discouraged by the political situation in Europe, he left for Guatemala in 1948, but continued to publish in émigré journals.

In the Forest of No Joy: The Congo-Océan Railroad and the Tragedy of French Colonialism by J. P. Daughton (review).

Reviewed by: In the Forest of No Joy: The Congo-Océan Railroad and the Tragedy of French Colonialism by J. P. Daughton Friedrich N. Ammermann (bio) In the Forest of No Joy: The Congo-Océan Railroad and the Tragedy of French Colonialism By J. P. Daughton. New York: W.W. Norton, 2021. Pp. 384. This is a book about colonial violence. J. P. Daughton tells the story of the Congo-Océan Railway, the construction of which cost between 20,000 to 60,000 lives and left thousands more laborers undernourished, sick, and traumatized. The 500 km railway, connecting Brazzaville with the Atlantic port Pointe-Noire (both in present-day Republic of the Congo), first envisioned in the 1880s, was built between 1921 and 1934. Although officially relying on volunteers, the construction sites became known as exceptionally violent workplaces both in French Equatorial Africa and the imperial center, France. How is it possible then, Daughton asks, that despite the knowledge of horrendous working conditions, the project was carried out over thirteen years—and after the completion of the railway, the suffering and deaths of African laborers were completely forgotten about in France? Daughton sets out to bring justice to this neglected human suffering on the Congo-Océan Railway and embeds his story of the railway in a larger history of French colonial violence in equatorial Africa. This is therefore not your classic railway history focusing on heroic surveying and brilliant engineering, or reporting locomotive classes, engine miles run, and amounts of goods transported (although interested readers can find some of that information in Chapter 11). Daughton unerringly addresses a painful gap in most colonial railway accounts: the suffering of the (mostly) African laborers that moved incredible amounts of earth, cleared bushes, dug tunnels, and laid the tracks. Tragically, those laborers left very few traces for historians to reconstruct their lives and work. Daughton has an exceptional body of sources at hand—created by the Société de Construction des Batignolles and the French administration—which he masterfully uses not only to demonstrate the pain inflicted on laborers, but also to reinstate their agency. Given the general lack of sources on African workers on such construction sites, In the Forest of No Joy is a must read for anyone interested in colonial infrastructure projects. Daughton emphasizes the forceful recruitment of "volunteers," their arduous journeys to the construction sites, and the working conditions there. A key chapter investigates the particularly difficult conditions in the eponymous "forest without joy," the Mayombe (Chapter 5). Daughton does not shy away from recounting anecdotes of shocking atrocities and contrasts them in later chapters with the local colonial administration's attempts—personified by Governor-General Raphaël Antonetti—to justify, downplay, and deny the violence committed on the construction sites. Antonetti, as Daughton argues, was driven by a strong belief in bureaucratic measures to bring "humanity" and progress into the [End Page 1187] colony. In his "circular logic," Antonetti upheld that the violence committed on the Congo-Océan Railway would eventually lead to a reduction of violence in the colony. Antonetti's belief in bureaucracy was shared in imperial Paris, and his strategy of deflecting criticism to "individual rogues," coupled with his superior institutional knowledge and vigor, successfully secured support for the railway throughout its construction period. In his final chapter, Daughton seeks to explain the particular brutality and high death rates on the Congo-Océan Railway. He contends that overwhelming racism on different levels met with the devastating hubris of the French colonial administration, which commenced railway construction without even having surveyed the territory properly. Ultimately, the high death rates were a sign of the French inability to keep its workforce alive, and hence a sign of imperial weakness. The results of this failure were then justified as either negligible or unavoidable in a project of such magnitude. However, if violence inflicted by humans on humans is the main concern of this book, one wonders why the author is not drawing more from the existing literature about human cruelty. The lack of engagement with other literature is perhaps more broadly the only shortcoming of this book for academic readers, as there...

Discourse Analysis on the Critiques of Grade-10 World Literature Students: Approaches to Literary Criticism in Focus

This qualitative corpora-based study examined the content of the critiques of Grade 10 world literature students in one of the Division of Davao del Norte schools as they analyzed a story reflected in the Self-Learning Module. This study aimed to identify the approaches to literary criticism used by the students as their literary frameworks in interpreting the story. These approaches were based on the Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism proposed by Dobie (2011). It also investigated how the approaches to literary criticism may benefit students in writing critiques. The results of the study showed that reader-response criticism, Marxist criticism, formalist criticism, feminist criticism, psychological criticism, and deconstructive criticism were present in the critiques of the students. On the other hand, literary criticisms may benefit students through understanding meaning, establishing philosophy, discovering history, and developing their writing skills. Literary criticisms, in general, foster critical thinking, and it is advised that literary criticism must be intensified in the teaching-learning process in order to produce citizens who are critical thinkers and to contribute to UNESCOs Sustainable Development Goal 4, which is the quality education, and in support to DepEd Basic Education Development Plan 2030 (BEDP 2030) which aimed to embed critical thinking as one of the 21st-century skills, and address the significant component of the reskilling/upskilling of teachers in Sulong Edukalidad which were formulated to address the poor students performances in PISA 2018.

The Summit of the Gods (2021): finding new heights for sport animation and transmedia storytelling

This article analyzes Patrick Imbert’s The Summit of the Gods (2021), which functions as a noteworthy example of animated sports film. As a result, the study of this animated film on climbing and of the authorial decisions made by Patrick Imbert and his collaborators is located at the intersection of several fields, which include the history of sport manga, the sociology of extreme sports, the philosophy of self-transcendence, as well as the literary (de)construction of transmedia storytelling. Consequently, the need to employ various sources becomes manifest in order to aptly frame the multiple significations present in both the form and the content of the film: the historical account of George Mallory’s and Andrew Irvine’s ascent, the playful comparisons between manga and animation, the director’s personal commentaries as well as the film’s reception and critique.

Inter-imperiality: Vying Empires, Gendered Labor, and the Literary Arts of Alliance

Inter-imperiality: Vying Empires, Gendered Labor, and the Literary Arts of Alliance

ХЕРЦ У РУКАВУ

The paper analyses two controversial historical stories about love related to the Serbian and Romanian Royal Courts, which caused stormy criticism and national scandals during the last century. Draga Masin (Draginja P. Milićević Lunjevica, 1867–1903), a royal damsel who became the Serbian Queen, was the wife of King Alexander Obrenovic of Serbia. Elena Lupescu (Elena Lupescu Magda Wolf, 1895–1977), a mistress, and later the wife of the Romanian King Carol II (first son of Prince Ferdinand of Hohenzollern – Sigmaringen and of Marie of Edinburgh), left remarkable traces in the history of Romanian monarchy. By confronting different perspectives we will try to show the (de)construction of the characters Elena Lupescu and Draga Masin during the 21st century. Entering the closed circle of ties with members of the nobility where blue blood must not be confused with unworthy blood and thus contaminated – the starting point of our paper is to identify the historical typological analogies between Draga and Elena by means of motives of blood and class identity. Recent historiographical tendencies shed new light on the earlier notions regarding these two female figures that are often condemned and considered taboo in society.

Conditional Markers of Legal Texts: A Comparative Study of Civil Code and Its English Version

Conditionals have always been hot topics in linguistics. Biber (1995) analyzes the logical cohesion of 22 Korean registers, Yao (2017) analyzes the differences in the use of 22 conditional markers in Chinese from 8 registers, and they find that legal texts use the least connectives. However, their researches only focus on the comparison of registers from the same language, and do not carry out the comparison of the same register from different languages. From a cross-linguistic perspective, taking Civil Code of the People's Republic of China (‘CC’) and its English version (‘ECC’) as an example, this paper makes study of the conditional markers of legal texts, and finds that: First, the preconditions in CC are always expressed by de constructions, and the Chinese character de is the conditional marker. Second, the postconditions in CC are always expressed by danshu, and the words danshi (but/however) are the conditional markers. Third, the conditions in ECC are expressed by conditional clauses (i.e. initiated by where/if), relative clauses (initiated by who, that, whose, etc.) and other phrases etc., and they function as the conditional markers thereof. Fourth, the provisos in ECC are always introduced by unless, provided that, except, etc., which are the conditional markers thereof. Fifth, as for the use of conditional markers in legislative texts, Chinese is more stylized and rigid compared to those of English, which may have been influenced by the Plain English Movement.

Reading Derridean Deconstruction on the Repetitive Visuals of an Avant-garde Design

This article focuses on Hussein Chalayan’s Memory Dress as a case study and applies content analysis on it so as to point out the similarities between the critical avant-garde method of Derridean deconstruction and avant-garde fashion design. A coding schema is utilized to standardize the content analysis conducted on the variety of styles of the Memory Dress. The study focuses on the design details of the Memory Dress such as the convertible high-stand collar, the shiny button, the vertical needle stitch, the horizontal double stitches and the chest patch pocket and studies each category separately under the Derridean concepts of intertextuality, trace and différance. The coding schema reveals the visual equivalence of each Derridean concept through the qualitative analysis conducted on the visual images of the garment. This way, the article explains an avant-garde garment’s structure in relation to deconstructivist norms. With such intention, the article demonstrates how a garment structurally embodies and visually communicates the Derridean notions of intertextuality, trace and différance. By materializing abstract, philosophical terms on design details, and motifs, the article highlights the parallelism between postmodern critical thinking, and avant-garde creativity.

Deconstruction: Overview and Critique

Deconstruction is a post-structuralist, intellectual, and critical theory, formulated by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida in the 1960s. It is an approach to re-reading literary and philosophical given their multiple possible meanings. This article seeks to present a brief account of deconstruction: its epistemological roots of Nietzsche and Martin Heidegger, major concepts, tools. Then, it presents a critique of deconstruction, especially in the works of John Ellis and Abdel Aziz Hammouda. Furthermore, the article briefly refers to the impact of the deconstruction on the religious text (the Holy Qur'an and the Prophet's Sunnah), as some Arab secularists have laid particular stress on the application of this Western hermeneutics to Islamic texts. For them, it is deemed as a necessary step to ensure that the religious text remains open to many interpretations, and responds to different circumstances and conditions. The article argues that deconstruction, as a literary philosophical doctrine, has been born of Western modernity. And therefore, it does not seem appropriate to transform it into a civilization with different cultural and religious components.

Seeking pathways for sustainable urban tourism: a critical deconstruction of Berlin's approach for city-compatible tourism

ABSTRACT This article explores the current dynamics in the policy field of urban tourism and new approaches to sustainable urban tourism that have emerged after years of growing tensions and controversial debates in the pre-COVID 19 era. By using a critical interpretive approach of a discourse-based deconstruction, the case of Berlin and its novel approach of ‘city-compatible tourism’ are used to analyse how, in the context of a proclaimed policy change, an expansion of the understanding of urban tourism and its possible modes of regulation is taking place. It illustrates how different ideas and conceptions from different discursive knowledge formations converge, promising an innovative policy approach but with some inconsistencies, leading to a diffuse policy discourse on sustainable urban tourism. By underlining the generally complex nature of implementing the concept of sustainable tourism, the paper finally argues that a more profound negotiation of the essential goals and principles of sustainable tourism in an urban context is necessary to initiate a fundamental change in policy practice.

Body and language as carriers of transculturality in two Sinophone transnational artists

In a global context characterized by a growing complexity of the dynamics of Chinese transnational mobility, we find the need to resort to a new vocabulary to understand the localized artistic expressions related to such dynamics. In this article, we focus on two Chinese artists, Musk Ming (1979–present) and Tony Cheung (1987–present), who live and work across China and Europe, reflecting on how their transnational life trajectories combine with the transculturality expressed in their works. Considering body and language as two privileged sites of ethnicity, the article suggests that, in their representation, the authors engage in a process of critical deconstruction of ‘national culture’ and ‘ethnic identity’. Such deconstruction is achieved by disconnecting cultural tokens from their ‘ethno-national’ or historical referents, creating instead unlikely or unexpected associations with elements extracted from non-Chinese contexts, or using them to critique the very cultural lineage they are supposed to embody. Considering the critical reception of the artists’ work in Europe, the article also discusses how this act of defamiliarization provokes the viewer by contesting both the ‘Chineseness’ and the ‘westernization’ of the artwork itself. The critical representation of body and language thus creates a powerful discourse to question the equation of ethnicity and culture, compelling viewers to go beyond a superficial characterization of the two artists’ work as either ‘genuinely’ Chinese or ‘critically’ hybrid.

CORPOS CAMBIANTES EM “A CIDADE DOS PIRATAS”: É POSSÍVEL UMA PEDAGOGIA “LAERTE” PARA ABALAR AS COLONIALIDADES E OS FASCISMOS IMPOSTOS AOS GÊNEROS?

The present work discusses the animated film “The Pirates City” (2018), directed by Otto Guerra and premiered by the cartoonist Laerte Coutinho, that corporates on-screen questions about her transgender process, the adoption of a transvestite identity for herself, and the critic/deconstruction of present masculinities in her works since the decade of 1980. In a succession of layers disposed of a bricolage of comic books, construction of scripts, interviews, protagonists' dilemmas, and historical contexts of power coloniality, from the individual, from nature, from gender, and from knowledge in Brazil, the animated film is a producing artifact of a cultural pedagogy to teach ways of being and thinking the “worldcystem” capitalistic – colonial – patriarchal, especially with the late scenery of a fascist neoconservative escalation at political and social territories of the country. Anchored in poststructuralist theorizations and in descolonial and (trans)feminist pluriepistemic benchmark, we have analyzed the animated film, highlighting as a “pirate pedagogy” can shake the normative codes of production of knowledge, speeches and practices imposed to bodies, also performing a different genealogy for the sexualities and genders of people from the (de)construction of a “new” physical body, but also epistemological, from Laerte.Keywords: Transvestilities. Sexualities. Feminism. Coloniality.

Unity of Sciences (UoS) as a Paradigm For Indonesian Islamic Family Law Reconstruction.

Unity of Sciences (UoS) as a Paradigm For Indonesian Islamic Family Law Reconstruction. This article aims to examine the use of the Unity of Sciences (UoS) application in efforts to reconstruct family law in Indonesia. This is because the existence of Islamic family law in this country has gained a good place in people's lives, evidenced by the transformation of several al-ahwāl al-shakhsyiyah’s (Islamic Family Law) materials into national law. This transformation, even though it implies a renewal entity, however, at the same time, it draws a lot of criticism from some circles, ranging from constructive to deconstructive criticism. This study is a research library that uses a philosophical approach and a siyāsah shar'iyyah‘s (Islamic politics of Law) perspective. The data were obtained through document-juridical sources which were then analyzed using inductive analysis and critical reflection. This study concludes that the characteristics of Islamic family law reform in the form of statutory regulations have used a reformative approach and burhāni reasoning. In addition, to respond to and anticipate the dynamics and legal changes that are profane in nature, Islamic law requires a Unity of Sciences (UoS) approach so that Islamic law can be grounded in Indonesia.

Study of relational ritual, affectivity, and identity (de)construction in Chinese X-change programmes

This study attempts to examine how, in X-change, a Chinese televised documentary programme, fathers and sons practise their relational rituals, display their emotions and (de)construct their relational identities. Based on data analysis and the Confucian ritual theory five Luns, it finds that in family talk, ritual practices change, switching from negative or deviant ones to positive and normative ones, and the affectivity involved also changes from negative emotion to positive emotion. At the beginning of the programme, due to violation of one of the Confucian Luns – loving father and filial son (fucizixiao) – the father and the son conduct the destructive relational ritual practices, deconstruct their relational identities, and release their negative affect. As the programme progresses, both the father and the son commence to conform to Lun, and hence constructive relational ritual practices occur, and relational identities are reconstructed and normalised in terms of Lun; eventually their affect becomes positive, and their interpersonal rapport is enhanced.

Ancient Greece and Rome in Videogames: Representation, Play, Transmedia

Ancient Greece and Rome in Videogames: Representation, Play, Transmedia