Derivational Suffixes Research Articles

Causatives in the languages of the Volga-Kama Region

AbstractTurkic and Uralic languages of the Russian Volga-Kama Region share a strong preference for transitivization over detransitivization (in contrast to Russian), leading to wide usage of causative derivational suffixes. These tendencies are typical for Turkic and Uralic however and do not necessarily require a contact-linguistic explanation. However, microvariation in causative constructions in these languages and their dialects show convergence between unrelated or distantly related varieties – i.e., strong indicators of contact-induced convergence. This paper looks at such facets in three Uralic (Mari, Udmurt, Komi-Permyak) and two Turkic (Tatar, Chuvash) languages of the region.

Theme Vowels e and i in Russian: Implementing the Cartographic Approach

The paper deals with the Russian theme vowels that can be regarded as derivational suffixes, in particular, with e- and i-vowels. The former derives emission verbs or inchoative verbs, whereas the latter derives causatives (both dynamic and stative), unergative behaviour-related verbs, and some others. I propose a uniform explanation of the fact that the same theme vowel can give rise to different structural types of verbs. I argue that, semantically, the best way to capture the differences between the two vowels is to implement the Ramchand’s model of predicate decomposition, where e-vowel encodes the process sub-event and i-vowel the initial sub-event.

Neural correlates of morphological processing and its development from pre-school to the first grade in children with and without familial risk for dyslexia

Previous studies have shown that the development of morphological awareness and reading skills are interlinked. However, most have focused on phonological awareness as a risk factor for dyslexia, although there is considerable diversity in the underlying causes of this reading difficulty. Specifically, the relationship between phonology, derivational morphology, and dyslexia in the Finnish language remains unclear. In the present study, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to measure the brain responses to correctly and incorrectly derived Finnish nouns in 34 first grade Finnish children (21 typically developing and 13 with familial risk for dyslexia). In addition, we compared longitudinally the morphological information processing of 27 children (16 typically developing and 11 at-risk for dyslexia) first at pre-school age and then at first grade age. The task consisted of 108 pairs of sentences, including a verb and its root with the derivational suffix/-jA/. Correctly and incorrectly derived forms were presented both as real words and pseudowords. The incorrectly derived nouns contained a morpho-phonological violation in the last vowel of the noun before the derivational suffix. The brain activation of the typically developing children in response to morphological information processing showed sensitivity to the morphologically correct vs. incorrect contrast only in the cases of the real words. Children at-risk for dyslexia showed sensitivity to the morphological information processing both for real words and pseudowords. However, no significant differences between the groups emerged either for the correct vs. incorrect morphological contrast or for the correctly and incorrectly derived forms separately. Interestingly, in our previous study, cluster-based permutation tests showed significant developmental behavioral and brain differences between the children at pre-school age and at first-grade age in the morphological information processing of real words and pseudowords. Our results indicate the important role of derivational morphology in the early phases of learning to read. • We examined morphological information processing in first grade children with and without risk for dyslexia with MEG. • The brain activity of the children without risk showed sensitivity to morphological information only for real nouns. • The children at-risk showed similar activity with typically developing children for real derived nouns and pseudo nouns. • No between group differences were found for the processing of the correct vs. incorrect nouns and pseudo nouns. • Significant developmental differences were found between ages, but no differences were found between groups.

ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES IN THE HATE U GIVE NOVEL: ITS FORMS AND QUANTITIES

: This study aims to classify and describe the types of suffixes used to form adjectives found in novel titled The Hate U Give, determine the meanings indicated by the process as well as the number of uses of adjective-forming suffixes in the novel. The data source of this study were taken from the novel. This study used descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data. The theory used in analyzing data is the derivational suffixes theory by Plag (2001). This theory explains the formation of words, especially the derivational suffixes forming adjectives. The second theory in analyzing data is the types of meanings indicated by the process of derivational suffixes forming adjectives by Leech (1974). The results showed that there are twelve types of suffixes that make up the adjectives used in the novel, they are; 'suffix-able', 'suffix-ful', 'suffix-ic', 'suffix-ish', 'suffix-ive', 'suffix-ous', 'suffix-ible', 'suffix-ing', 'suffix-less', 'suffix-y', 'suffix-ed', and 'suffix-ly'. The suffix function that makes up an adjective is to modify the meaning of the base word. The base word will undergo a class change of words to adjectives after the suffix ending is added. Based on the results of the study, 'suffix-y' is a type of suffix that forms the most commonly used adjectives.

Types of derivational affixes in new idea magazine: a morphological analysis

This study was aimed to identify the derivational affixes that can be found in “New Idea”magazine. Specifically, this study was focused on analyzing the types and the process of derivational affixes that were found in the data source. This study used qualitative descriptive method to analyze the data. The data were analyzed based on the theory proposed by Katamba (1993) to solve the problem which about the types of derivational affixes. Theory that proposed by Rochelle Lieber (2009) was used to solve the problem about the morphological process of derivational affixes. This study found 427 data that contains derivational affixes. Derivational prefixes were found in 52 data with percentage 12% such as prefix in-, un-, dis- , re-, ex-, en-, and pre-. Then, derivational suffixes were found in 375 data with percentage 88% such as suffix –hood, -ship, -ness, -ity, -ment, -less, -ful, -ic, -al, -er, -ly, -ion, -ish, -ing and –ed. This study concluded that derivational suffix –ly was the most dominant type of derivational affixes that found in“New Idea”magazine.

AN ANALYSIS OF DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES IN JUSTIN BIEBER’S CHANGES ALBUM

Derivational suffix is a part of linguistics learn about word whichadded by affixes may change the meaning and the part of speech. This researchdeals with the derivational suffix of song lyrics. The researcher focuses onderivational suffix types and function. The objectives of the research were todescribe types and function about change class changing and class maintaining inderivational suffix in song lyrics. Descriptive qualitative method was used toanalyze the data. The techniques used in collecting the data is documentationThis research applied the theory of Plag (2002) to indentify the types ofderivational suffix. From the analysis, it is found that 36 derivational suffixesdivided into 3 types, 21 nominal suffix (is –er, -tion –al, -al –ment –ion –ion, -ment –ion –ence -tion –er –ity –ity ––ness –ion –ity –ion, -ist –ette, -age), 10 adverbsuffix (-y, –ly, –ly, –ly, –ly, –ly, –ly, –ly, -ly, -ly), 5 adjective suffix (: -ful, -ly, -y, -ual, -able). The suffixes which found in the data have 31 word class changingand 5 class maintaining,the researcher conluded that suffix –ly give manycontributions in the suffix found in lyrics of album.

Konsequenzen der "los"-Suffigierung im Deutschen: Korpushäufigkeit, emotional-affektive Effekte und konstruktionsgrammatische Perspektiven

Based on the privative derivational suffix -los, we test statements found in the literature on word formation using a – at least in this field – novel empirical basis: a list of affective-emotional ratings of base nouns and associated -los derivations. In addition to a frequency analysis based on the German Reference Corpus, we show that, in general, emotional polarity (so-called valence, positive vs. negative emotions) is reversed by suffixation with -los. This change is stronger for more polarized base nouns. The perceived intensity of emotion (so-called arousal) is generally lower for -los derivations than for base nouns. Finally, to capture the results theoretically, we propose a prototypical -los construction in the framework of Construction Morphology. Dieser Beitrag ist ursprünglich im Peter-Lang-Verlag erschienen (https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/plg/jwf/2022/00000006/00000002/art00003)

AN ANALYSIS OF DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES IN THE SPEECH OF PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA

This research described the rules of morphology in the text of President Barack Obama's speech on the title Education in 2009. The purpose of this study were (1) to identify the types of derivational affixes in President Barack Obama's speech. (2) to find out the function of using the derivational suffix contained in President Barack Obama's speech. This study used qualitative research methods. The object of this study was the text of President Barack Obama's speech. The speech was analyzed using Fussel's theory, it's Affective Derivational. The Fusell's derivational augmentation theory is divided into 2 types, namely: Prefix and Suffix. Whereas the affixes derivational affix functions used Brinton's theory. The findings of this study were: there are two types of derivational affixes, namely: prefix and suffix . The prefixes found in speech were (a-), (dis-), (de-), (re-), (over-) while suffixes are -able, -ing, -ly, -er, -ant, -ion , -ity, -ive, -or, -ment, -al, -ness, -ed, -ate, -hood, -en, -y, -shi, -full. In this study, the derivational affix function found two functions, namely: class change (60) and meaning change (11).

Mordvalaiskielten ška-komparatiivi

This paper deals with the comparative suffix -ška of the Mordvin languages Erzya and Moksha. Traditionally, the suffix has been regarded as the ending of the comparative case with the meaning ‘about the amount of X’. However, it has a rather limited range of uses in this function. Since the suffix is also employed as a derivational suffix that turn nouns into adjectives meaning ‘the size of X’, some researchers prefer to consider it primarily derivational rather than a case ending. Etymologically, the suffix most likely goes back to the lexical noun ška ‘time’ that still appears in Erzya, although other origins have also been suggested. In this paper, the morphological properties of the comparative suffix are surveyed as well as the syntactic functions of the comparative forms. Moreover, the path of grammaticalisation of the lexical noun into a suffix is outlined. It is shown that the suffix should indeed be considered a derivational ending in the contemporary languages. However, some aspects in its use suggest that there might be an on-going process possibly leading to the development of a case category.

A Contribution to the Study of Suffix Word Formation in Turkish Langauge

Suffix word formation is a characteristic of Turkish language grammar, and this paper analyzes grammatical and semantic structures of deverbal derivative suffixes for nominal word formation in Dîvânü Lügâti’t-Türk. Actually, this paper analyzes particular (con)textual examples from Dîvânü Lügâti’t-Türk, which uses nominal words formed by adding derivative endings to the root or base of a verb. The analysis of derivative suffixes added to the root or base of a verb to make nominal words is based on examples from the encyclopedia which contains all particularities of Turkic languages in the 11th century, thus pointing out the fact that such an analysis should be a peculiar contribution to the study of Turkish language from a diachronic perspective. Moreover, the results obtained from the analysis should contribute to the better knowledge and comprehension of suffix word formation in Turkish language and they could be a good foundation and a good starting point for further research on derivative suffixes from a diachronic perspective.

Letter chunk frequency does not explain morphological masked priming

Research on visual word identification has extensively investigated the role of morphemes, recurrent letter chunks that convey a fairly regular meaning (e.g., lead-er-ship). Masked priming studies highlighted morpheme identification in complex (e.g., sing-er) and pseudo-complex (corn-er) words, as well as in nonwords (e.g., basket-y). The present study investigated whether such sensitivity to morphemes could be rooted in the visual system sensitivity to statistics of letter (co)occurrence. To this aim, we assessed masked priming as induced by nonword primes obtained by combining a stem (e.g., bulb) with (i) naturally frequent, derivational suffixes (e.g., -ment), (ii) non-morphological, equally frequent word-endings (e.g., -idge), and (iii) non-morphological, infrequent word-endings (e.g., -kle). In two additional tasks, we collected interpretability and word-likeness measures for morphologically-structured nonwords, to assess whether priming is modulated by such factors. Results indicate that masked priming is not affected by either the frequency or the morphological status of word-endings, a pattern that was replicated in a second experiment including also lexical primes. Our findings are in line with models of early visual processing based on automatic stem/word extraction, and rule out letter chunk frequency as a main player in the early stages of visual word identification. Nonword interpretability and word-likeness do not affect this pattern.

DERIVATION AND INFLECTION ON SELENA GOMEZ SONG LYRICS IN REVIVAL ALBUM

This study was designed by using descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data because it explains derivation and inflection affixes that found on Selena Gomez Song Lyrics in Revival Album. This study aimed to find out the derivation and inflection affixes on Selena Gomez song lyric in Revival Album also to describe the function ofeach derivation and inflection affixes found. The data was collected by using documentation. The result of this study there are two types of affix were used. They were prefix and suffix. There is no infix was used. Derivational prefix which is found–re. Meanwhile, derivational suffixes which are found, they are–ed,-ly,-ness,-tion,-ion,-cal.-ful,-er,-ity and -al. The functions of derivational affixes consist of noun forming, adverb forming, adjective forming, and verb forming. On the other hand inflectional suffixes consists of -s,-ing, -ed. The function of inflectional suffixes consist ofthird singular person marker, past tense marker, progressive marker, and plural marker.The mostly used of inflection affixes was suffix –ing functioned as progressive marker. Based on the finding, it is concluded that learn derivation and inflection affixes can helps learners create a new words by adding prefix and suffix. In conclusion, derivation affixes occur to create new word from existing word in two ways, they can change the meaning of word or the word class. And inflection affixes occur not to used to produce new words in the language, but rather to indicate aspects of the grammatical function of word.Thesuggestion fromresearcher to isto study moreaboutthederivation and inflection affixesnotonly fromthebookbutalsofromanother sourceslikesongs, moviesubtitle,etc.And suggests the English learner should learn derivation and inflection affixes because from this affixes can change the part of speech and also create a new meaning that can improve their vocabulary.

Αρβανίτικες επιδράσεις σε νεοελληνικές διαλέκτους: Περιπτώσεις από τη φωνητική, την παραγωγική μορφολογία και τη σύνταξη

The present paper is part of our ongoing research on the contact of the Modern Greek and Arvanitika varieties of southern Greece (eastern Central Continental Greece, Euboea, Peloponnese, Argosaronic Islands) and on the results of this contact (conf. Pantelidis & Liosis 2019). In the current phase, structural results of the intense and prolonged influence of Arvanitika on Modern Greek varieties on the levels of phonetics, derivational morphology, and syntax are investigated. The data show that new allophones, derivational suffixes, applied to Arvanitika as well as non-Arvanitika bases, and novel syntactic patterns (such as the sequence of tenses) which are ungrammatical (or marginally acceptable) in SMG, have been introduced in Modern Greek varieties. The extensive structural changes in the Modern Greek varieties due to Arvanitika influence confirm that the contact between them has been long, profound, and in fact mutual.

Derivational Adjectives Found in Forrest Gump Novel

This article discussed about morphosyntax that deals with the combination of morphology and syntax. The article was aimed to find out the derivational suffixes forming adjectives and the syntactic functions of the adjectives found in the data source. The data of this article were taken by library research method and note-taking technique from the novel Forrest Gump, which published in 157 pages and 26 chapters by Pocket Books in 1994. This novel is written by Winston Groom. The collected data were analyzed descriptive qualitatively based on the theory of Morphology and Syntax by Quirk, et al (1985). This article revealed that there were the attachment of suffix {-ful}, {-less}, {-ly}, {-y}, {-al}, {-ial}, {-ic} and {-ous} changed the base noun into adjective, it is called denominal adjectives. Then, deverbal adjectives which made the word class changed from verb into adjective, there were the attachment of suffix {-able} and {-ive}. Meanwhile, for the syntactic functions there were three types found, they are attributive, predicative and postpositive.

Function Of Derivational Affixes In Novel The Hobbit

When the students are able to identify derivational affix, they can develop their vocabulary because from just one word it can gain many words with different part of speech. Novel is a long essay in prose and contains a series of human life stories with others around them with accentuate the character and nature of the actor. In The Hobbit, the story inspired by a children fantasy. From having seeing such phenomenon, the writer found that mastering English is not easy if the students are lack of vocabulary. This research aimed to find out the derivational affixes in in in The Hobbit by J.R.R Tolkien novel. This research is descriptive qualitative research where researcher tries to find out the derivational affix and the roots from the words in The Hobbit by J.R.R Tolkien novel without using statistical calculation. In this research the writer uses all of words that are attached prefix and suffix as the data. The data source is all the chapters which are the beginning of the story, rising the case and the solution in The Hobbit by J.R.R Tolkien novel. The result of analyzing data was gained the derivational affixes that found in in The Hobbit by J.R.R Tolkien novel showed words are 100 (derivational suffixes).Then the roots from the words that also found are 27 (adjective derived from verb), 49 (noun derived from verb), 3 (verb derived from noun) and adverb derived from adjective (21)
 Keywords: Function of Derivational Affixes, novel, root, base

ПРОБЛЕМИ ПРИ ГРАМАТИЧЕСКАТА АДАПТАЦИЯ НА НОВИ ЗАЕМКИ ОТ АНГЛИЙСКИ ЕЗИК / PROBLEMS OF THE MORPHOSYNTACTIC ADAPTATION OF RECENT ENGLISH LOANWORDS IN BULGARIAN

This paper examines the morphosyntactic adaptation of recent English loanwords to the grammatical system of Bulgarian. It builds on the conclusions in Hristov (2015) and outlines the latest trends in the accommodation of some problematic Anglicisms. Special attention is paid to the gender and number adaptation of nouns, the (in)declinability of adjectives, as well as the adoption of new verbs. The results demonstrate that the accommodation strategies discussed in the specialist literature are for the most part followed consistently although there are some exceptions too. In spite of the sizable number of imported adjectives which receive Slavonic derivational suffixes, a large number of newly borrowed adjectives remain indeclinable; there is also evidence for the blurring of the boundaries between adjective and noun modifiers – an expected new development in the ever growing tendency for foreign adjectives to remain uninflected in Bulgarian. The few borrowed verbs likewise take derivational suffixes and are thus successfully incorporated into the Bulgarian verbal system. At the same time, there are some surprising findings which suggest that processes rather untypical of Bulgarian might be underway. Nouns exclusively denoting females can be assigned a formal masculine gender, even without belonging to the so-called dual gender of epicene nouns – a highly unusual phenomenon. The material also turns up zero plural inflections, as well as plurals with English -s. The analysis highlights the competition between Bulgari-an and foreign forms and structures, as well as the question whether those innovations have the potential to become more established in Bulgarian grammar. Keywords: Anglicisms/English loanwords, morphosyntactic adaptation, nouns, adjectives, verbs, Bulgarian language

Pathways to split ergativity

AbstractThis paper reassesses the rise of ergative alignment in Anatolian and Indo-Aryan, two branches of the Indo-European linguistic family. Both of these branches acquire split-ergative morphosyntax in the course of their history but via different grammaticalization paths and with different results. In the Anatolian language Hittite, a denominative derivational suffix develops into an ergative case marker, which is restricted to so-called neuter nouns. In Indo-Aryan, on the other hand, a new ergative category with anterior aspectual semantics emerges in Middle Indo-Aryan originating from a P-oriented resultative construction in Old Indo-Aryan.

Derivational Affixes Intontemboan Language

The Tontemboan language is one of the regional languages in Minahasa. This language has two dialects namely Makela’I and Matana’i. The purpose of this writing is to describe one side of the morphological process of Tontemboan language, in particular, Makela’I dialect, which is focused on Derivational affixes in Tontemboan language, their arrangement, and combination with other morphemes to form words, and their function. In conducting this research, the writer uses the qualitative method. In collecting data she used several techniques: Observation, interviewing, and analyzing written texts were used to collect and analyze data. The informants are choosing according to certain criteria, they came from the Motoling Barat Region. The result is there are 6 Derivational prefixes, those are :prefix {ma-} { paka -} ,{ta -}, {ka -},{pa -} {maka -},2 Derivational infixes, they are:Infix { – in –}, Infix { – um –}, 1 Derivational suffix { – an }, 4 Derivational Confixes they are: { ka-an }, {pa-an},{maka – em }, {maka – em }, {um-em}. Derivational affixes change the word class of their base form. It is expected that the result of this writing could be a contribution to the teaching of language, in particular the Tontemboan language.

AN ANALYSIS OF DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES ON "PERCY JACKSON THE SEA MONSTER" NOVEL BY RICK RIORDAN

The English word formation in morphology in this analysis will investigate the morphology of English word formation in this research. The form, purpose, and meaning of derivational suffixes in the novel were the study's problems. This research aims to figure out what kind of derivational suffixes there found in the data source. The data for this analysis came from Rick Riordan's E-book novel Percy Jackson and the Sea Monster. The data in this study was collected using the documentation process. This study's data was analyzed using a qualitative approach. The study revealed four derivational suffix types: nominal Suffix, verbal Suffix, adjectival Suffix, and adverbial Suffix. Based on the observation and readings of the e-novel of the study, the purpose of the study is to describe word-forming the derivational Suffix and what the Suffix that mainly uses by Rick Riordan's in the novel Percy Jackson and the Sea Monster. The researcher found four derivational suffixes from the novel: verb, adverb, noun, and adjective. Moreover, the data collected from the novel are 363 data of words forming the derivational Suffix.

An Analysis of Derivational Affixes in Song

This research discusses about derivational affixes in song lyrics. The researcher analyzed five songs in Harris Jung’s Salam album. The five songs are: Salam Alaikum, Good Life, Rasool’ Allah, I Promise, and My Hero. The kind of the research was library research. The researcher analyzed the data by using four steps, they are understanding (reading), identifying, classifying, and describing. The results of the research are there were two kinds of derivational affixes in Harris Jung’s Salam album in the five selected songs, they were derivational prefixes and derivational suffixes. The dominant of derivational affixes in Harris Jung’s Salam album in five selected songs were derivational suffixes with the total percantage 64% that are suffixes –ness (4), -y (1), -ful (1), -en (1), -ly (2) and then derivational prefixes with the total percantage 36% that are prefixes re- (2), un- (1), pro- (1), in- (1).