Derived Features Research Articles

The earliest beetle †Coleopsis archaica (Insecta: Coleo­ptera) – morphological re-evaluation using Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) and phylogenetic assessment

The earliest known fossil beetle †Coleopsis archaicais re-examined using Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI). The morphological observations are evaluated with respect to phylogenetic implications and the early evolution of Coleoptera. †Coleopsis archaicabelongs to an early Permian branch of beetles, outside a monophyletic unit comprising Coleoptera (in the widest sense) excluding †Tshekardocoleidae. This clade is mainly characterized by a complex of apomorphic features: elytra with epipleura and with a close fit with the posterior body, thus forming a tightly sealed subelytral space. In contrast to this, the elytra of †C. archaicaand †Tshekardocoleidae cover the metathorax and abdomen in a loose tent-like manner and posteriorly distinctly surpass the abdominal apex. So far, no synapomorphies of the two taxa from the first half of the Permian have been identified. The very short and transverse pronotum is likely an autapomorphy of †C. archaica. A thorough documentation of the structural features of early beetle fossils should have high priority. RTI is a very promising tool to obtain new and well-founded morphological data, which will allow a thorough phylogenetic evaluation of Permian beetles in future studies. We extended the conventional RTI workflow by focus merging and panoramic stitching, in order to overcome previous limitations. Taxonomic re-arrangements of stem group beetles including †C. archaicawere suggested in recent studies by A.G. Kirejtshuk and co-workers. As they are not based on shared derived features they are irrelevant in a phylogenetic and evolutionary context.

Frontier progress and challenges based on excited-state porphyrins and their derivatives

<p indent="0mm">Porphyrins and their derivatives feature advantages of strong resonance plane structure and facile modification of molecular, thereby showing great development prospects in the area of biochemistry and optical materials. In this review, based on excited porphyrin and phthalocyanine substrates, modification methods and mechanism research are discussed, and latest progress and challenges of photoacoustic imaging technology for photodynamic therapy, acoustic therapy and adjuvant tumor therapy are reviewed.

Developing new derivatives of 3‐X‐4‐hydroxy‐2(1H)‐quinolone as quinoline‐based chemosensors for detecting fluoride: Theoretical study on nucleophilicity and hydrogen‐bonding via various analyses

AbstractThermodynamic and electronic features of new derivatives of 3‐X‐4‐hydroxy‐2(1H)‐quinolone (X = H, OH, OMe, NH2, NMe2, Me, NHMe, F, Cl, CN, CF3, NO2, CCl3, and COH; 1–14) are investigated, at the B3LYP/6‐311++G** level of theory. Structures with electron‐donating groups (EDGs) show higher values of nucleophilicity (N) than those of electron‐withdrawing groups (EWGs), which are proved via Fukui functions. To determine the sensing ability of 1–14, fluoride (F) as an important industrial, chemical, and biological anion is complexed to the 1–14. All 1–14 establish the strong hydrogen bonding with F, which is verified by various analyses including natural bond orbital (NBO), atoms in molecules (AIM), atomic dipole moment corrected Hirshfeld charges (ADCH), and non‐covalent interaction (NCI). The excitation state study provides the noteworthy results of the charge transfer (CT), natural transition orbital (NTO), and the UV‐Vis spectrum. The obtained outcomes promise new series of quinoline‐based chemosensors (QBCs) to detect F.

BODIPY-Based Nanomaterials—Sensing and Biomedical Applications

Cancerous diseases are rightfully considered among the most lethal, which have a consistently negative effect when considering official statistics in regular health reports around the globe. Nowadays, metallic nanoparticles can be potentially applied in medicine as active pharmaceuticals, adjustable carriers, or distinctive enhancers of physicochemical properties if combined with other drugs. Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) molecules have been considered for future applications in theranostics in the oncology field, thus expanding the potential of conceivable applicability. Hence, taking into account positive practical features of both metal-based nanostructures and BODIPY derivatives, the present study aims to gather recent results connected to BODIPY-conjugated metallic nanoparticles. This is with respect to their expediency in the diagnosis and treatment of tumor ailments as well as in sensing of heavy metals. To fulfill the designated objectives, multiple research documents were analyzed concerning the latest discoveries within the scope of BODIPY-based nanomaterials with particular emphasis on their utilization for diagnostical sensing as well as cancer diagnostics and therapy. In addition, collected examples of mentioned conjugates were presented in order to draw the attention of the scientific community to their practical applications, elucidate the topic in a consistent manner, and inspire fellow researchers for new findings.

Investigation of radiation protective features of azadispiro derivatives and their genotoxic potential with Ames/Salmonella test system

Purpose Five different types of synthesized azadispiro derivatives have been analyzed for radiation absorption capacity and determined their potential to be exploited as substances for a drug to be developed against radiation has been investigated. Material and methods Fast neutron attenuation parameters like the effective mean free path, half-value layer (HVL), removal cross-sections, and neutron transmission number were found with the Monte Carlo simulation Geometry And Tracking (GEANT4) code. Gamma radiation absorption parameters, such as effective atom number (Z eff), mean free path (MFP), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), and half-value layer (HVL) were theoretically determined with WinXCom software. Besides, the exposure build-up factor (EBF) was calculated by using GP fitting parameters. Neutron absorption dose rate was experimentally calculated with 241Am-Be fast neutron source which has 4.5 MeV of energy, 74 GBq activity, and portative BF3 neutron detector. Ames/Salmonella test systems were used for the genotoxic potentials of the azadispiro derivatives Results and conclusions Experimental and theoretical results were checked with paraffin and High-Density Polyethylene. The results showed that Azadispiro derivatives have neutron radiation absorption capability close to paraffin and High-Density Polyethylene. The gamma radiation absorption properties for azadispiro derivatives have been investigated, and it has been observed that these materials can absorb gamma radiation. Ames/Salmonella assay was used to examine whether the derivatives had a genotoxic effect probability or not. The results showed that these derivatives were genotoxic and safe at test doses (up to 5 mM). Consequently, it has been understood that these azadispiro derivatives can be used as active and genotoxic safety ingredients in the production of a protective drug against both neutrons and gamma rays.

The predatory fish Saurichthys reflects a complex underwater ecosystem of the Late Triassic Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China

ABSTRACT The iconic saurichthyid fishes (‘lizard fish’) are specialised predators in the aquatic realm of Early Mesozoic era. After a rapid diversification in the Middle Triassic, they seemingly shrank their geographical distribution from a global pattern to that mainly confined to Euramerican region and exhibited increasing rarity in the freshwater environment since the Late Triassic. Here, we report a new species of Saurichthys from the Late Triassic freshwater deposits of the Junggar Basin, northwestern China. This new species Saurichthys sui sp. nov. is characterised by a mosaic of primitive and derived features in Saurichthys: large circumorbital bones and spiracular plate, a vestigial opercle and pectoral fins devoid of fringing fulcra. This feature combination supports the hypothesis that the freshwater system might have served as the refugium of some basal saurichthyid species. Saurichthys sui represents the first record of large predatory fishes in the Triassic Junggar Basin and indicates the establishment of a trophically complex lacustrine ecosystem there. Together with the co-occurring fossil insects and plants, Saurichthys sui, showing some affinities to its congeners from central Asia and North China, implies some biogeographical links of the fossil localities of non-marine Saurichthys on the continents north to PalaeoTethys during the Middle-Late Triassic.

On the uniqueness of higher order Gubinelli derivatives and an analogue of the Doob – Meyer theorem for rough paths of the arbitrary positive Holder index

In this paper, we investigate the features of higher order Gubinelli derivatives of controlled rough paths having an arbitrary positive Holder index. There is used a notion of the (α, β)-rough map on the basis of which the sufficient conditions are given for the higher order Gubinelli derivatives uniqueness. Using the theorem on the uniqueness of higher order Gubinelli derivatives an analogue of the Doob – Meyer theorem for rough paths with an arbitrary positive Holder index is proved. In the final section of the paper, we prove that the law of the local iterated logarithm for fractional Brownian motion allows using all the main results of this paper for integration over the multidimensional fractional Brownian motions of the arbitrary Hurst index. The examples demonstrating the connection between the rough path integrals and the Ito and Stratonovich integrals are represented.

Anthroponymy in Eastern Nilotic: A case of Turkana personal names

This paper is about personal names given to Turkana children at birth, during the rite of passage to adulthood and throughout one’s life. Following the lexical pragmatic theory according to Wilson (2003) and Carston (2002), the paper establishes the morpho-syntactic features of the Turkana names, that is, the inflectional and derivational features. It also presents the semantics and pragmatics of selected personal and nicknames and concludes that all Turkana names are meaningful, and context plays a major role in identifying their correct interpretation. Socio-cultural factors govern the pragmatic meaning of the names and how they convey messages. Thus, approximation, narrowing, and metaphorical extension are some of the processes that bring out the meaning of names - drawn from the context surrounding the birth.

An extensive study of user identification via eye movements across multiple datasets

Several studies have reported that biometric identification based on eye movement characteristics can be used for authentication. This paper provides an extensive study of user identification via eye movements across multiple datasets based on an improved version of a method originally proposed by George and Routray. We analyzed our method with respect to several factors that affect the identification accuracy, such as the type of stimulus, the Identification by Velocity-Threshold (IVT) parameters (used for segmenting the trajectories into fixation and saccades), adding new features such as higher-order derivatives of eye movements, the inclusion of blink information, template aging, age and gender. We find that three methods namely selecting optimal IVT parameters, adding higher-order derivatives features and including an additional blink classifier have a positive impact on the identification accuracy. When we combine all our methods, we are able to improve the best known accuracy over the BioEye 2015 competition dataset from 86% to 96%.

Multi-level Fisher vector aggregated completed local fractional order derivative feature vector for face recognition

Multi-level Fisher vector aggregated completed local fractional order derivative feature vector for face recognition

Структура и семантика каузативных форм -тыр и -т в хакасском языке

The aim of the study is to determine the structural and semantic features of the synonymous causative forms -тыр and -т in the Khakass language. The article indicates debatable points in determining the essence of the Turkic causative. The characterizing features of the causative are listed: the presence of the causator, the connotation of its invariant meaning by the seme of “impact”, agentivity. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a detailed description of the semantics of the causative forms -тыр and -т in the Khakass language and their derivational features. As a result, the processes of direct, indirect and passive-reflexive causation are shown. The work is based on the data of the Khakass language electronic corpus.

THE IMPORTANCE OF SEASONAL TEXTURAL FEATURES FOR OBJECT-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF WETLANDS: NEW YORK STATE CASE STUDY

Abstract. Seasonal variations result in hydrophytes and undrained hydric soil changes in wetland areas, which lead to a dynamic environment that makes wetland classification challenging. This study aims to explore the applicability of multi-seasonal Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) texture-derived features for object-based wetland classification over large-extent for the first time. We attempted to enhance the performance of the random forest classifier by incorporating multi-source remote sensing data, including Sentinel-2, Sentinel-1, Alos-Palsar, and topographic features. A total of 47 features were extracted from multi-source remote sensing data. In this context, we assessed the applicability of multi- versus mono-seasonal derived features for the wetland's classes with low within-class separability. We investigated the mean decrease in the Gini impurity index for each GLCM feature. We observed that including GLCM features enhanced overall accuracy by 7.38% when using imagery from one season and 4.21% for multi-season imagery. The multi-season scenario that included GLCM measures (93.49%) attained the highest overall accuracy. For this scenario, the means of decrease in Gini impurity index suggested that Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index, Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, slope, correlation in summer (GLCM feature), and Sentinel-1 VH are the most important features in increasing the random forest's classifier performance. In looking at the GLCM features, the separability analysis suggested that Entropy, Sum of Average, and Variance calculated from the summer imagery improve the classifier's performance while other textural features from spring imagery better contributed to classifier accuracy.

Review] Cutaneous Syncytial Myoepithelioma: a unique variant worth recognizing

Cutaneous syncytial myoepithelioma is a recently characterized variant of cutaneous myoepithelioma with a distinct histopathological and immunohistochemical profile. It is more common in men and predominately involves upper and lower extremities. Microscopically, it is a dermal tumor with a characteristic solid syncytial growth pattern displaying positivity with EMA and S100 immunohistochemical stains. Lately, EWSR1-PBX3 fusion has been documented in a vast majority. Although it follows a benign clinical course, its histopathological differential diagnosis includes clinically aggressive neoplasia. This review summarizes the derivation, clinical presentation, histopathological and immunohistochemical features, molecular genetics, pertinent differential diagnosis, and behavior of this unique cutaneous appendageal tumor.

Review] Cutaneous Syncytial Myoepithelioma: a unique variant worth recognizing

Cutaneous syncytial myoepithelioma is a recently characterized variant of cutaneous myoepithelioma with a distinct histopathological and immunohistochemical profile. It is more common in men and predominately involves upper and lower extremities. Microscopically, it is a dermal tumor with a characteristic solid syncytial growth pattern displaying positivity with EMA and S100 immunohistochemical stains. Lately, EWSR1-PBX3 fusion has been documented in a vast majority. Although it follows a benign clinical course, its histopathological differential diagnosis includes clinically aggressive neoplasia. This review summarizes the derivation, clinical presentation, histopathological and immunohistochemical features, molecular genetics, pertinent differential diagnosis, and behavior of this unique cutaneous appendageal tumor.

A photo-induced colorimetric reaction of N,N'-bis[2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl]-1,8:4,5-naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide for detection of carboxylate anions

Here we show a novel colorimetric sensor system with a photo-induced colorimetric reaction of N,N'-bis[2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl]-1,8:4,5-naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide (TENDI) to detect and quantify carboxylate derivatives. In the presence of CH3COONa, TENDI aqueous solution under UV irradiation shows a photo-induced colorimetric reaction, which is due to the production of naphthalenediimide (NDI)-based radical anions whose absorbance peaks appear at around 400–600 nm. In contrast, no color changes are observed in the cases of diverse inorganic salts. In addition, TENDI shows another ability to discriminate the structural features of carboxylate derivatives by color tone. Moreover, interestingly, the Hill equation can approximate the relationship between carboxylate concentrations and absorbance values on the maximum absorbance wavelengths of the absorbance peaks due to the NDI-radical anions.

Designing Robust Two-Electron Storage Extended Bipyridinium Anolytes for pH-Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries.

Bipyridinium derivatives represent the most extensively explored anolyte materials for pH-neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries, and most derivatives feature two separate electron-transfer steps that cause a sharp decrease in cell voltage during discharge. Here, we propose a strategy to fulfill the concurrent two-electron electrochemical reaction by designing extended bipyridinium derivatives (exBPs) with a reduced energy difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of exBPs and the β-highest occupied molecular orbital of the singly reduced form. To demonstrate, a series of exBPs are synthesized and exhibit a single peak at redox potentials of −0.75 to −0.91 V (vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)), as opposed to the two peaks of most bipyridinium derivatives. Cyclic voltammetry along with diffusion-ordered spectroscopy and rotating disk electrode experiments confirm that this peak corresponds to a concurrent two-electron transfer. When examined in full-flowing cells, all exBPs demonstrate one charge/discharge plateau and two-electron storage. Continuous galvanostatic cell cycling reveals the side reactions leading to capacity fading, and we disclose the underlying mechanism by identifying the degradation products. By prohibiting the dimerization/β-elimination side reactions, we acquire a 0.5 M (1 M e–) exDMeBP/FcNCl cell with a high capacity of 22.35 Ah L–1 and a capacity retention rate of 99.95% per cycle.

Research on Speech Emotion Recognition Based on AA-CBGRU Network

Speech emotion recognition is an emerging research field in the 21st century, which is of great significance to human–computer interaction. In order to enable various smart devices to better recognize and understand the emotions contained in human speech, in view of the problems of gradient disappearance and poor learning ability of the time series information in the current speech emotion classification model, an AA-CBGRU network model is proposed for speech emotion recognition. The model first extracts the spectrogram and its first and second order derivative features of the speech signal, then extracts the spatial features of the inputs through the convolutional neural network with residual blocks, then uses the BGRU network with an attention layer to mine deep time series information, and finally uses the full connection layer to achieve the final emotion recognition. The experimental results on the IEMOCAP sentiment corpus show that the model in this paper improves both the weighted accuracy (WA) and the unweighted accuracy (UA).

Review] Cutaneous Syncytial Myoepithelioma: a unique variant worth recognizing

Cutaneous syncytial myoepithelioma is a recently characterized variant of cutaneous myoepithelioma with a distinct histopathological and immunohistochemical profile. It is more common in men and predominately involves upper and lower extremities. Microscopically, it is a dermal tumor with a characteristic solid syncytial growth pattern displaying positivity with EMA and S100 immunohistochemical stains. Lately, EWSR1-PBX3 fusion has been documented in a vast majority. Although it follows a benign clinical course, its histopathological differential diagnosis includes clinically aggressive neoplasia. This review summarizes the derivation, clinical presentation, histopathological and immunohistochemical features, molecular genetics, pertinent differential diagnosis, and behavior of this unique cutaneous appendageal tumor.

Electronic and structural computing features of some chromene derivatives and evaluating their anticancer activities

Electronic and structural features of some of representative chromene derivatives were investigated in this work towards recognizing their anticancer roles. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to obtain five structures of chromene derivatives with the same skeleton of original structure. In addition to obtaining optimized structural geometries, electronic molecular orbital features were evaluated for the models. Energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) indicated effects of additional R group pf chromene derivatives on electronic features. Based on such results, it was predicted that one of derivatives, L5, could better participate in interactions with other substances in comparison with other ligand structures. This achievement was obtained based on availability of HOMO and LUMO levels in lower energies easily catchable for electron transferring. On the other hand, L5 was assumed to interact in the weakest mode with other substances. Indeed, the main goal of this work was to examine anticancer activity of the investigated chromene derivatives, in which each of L1–L5 chromene derivatives were analyzed first to recognized electronic and structural features. Next, molecular docking (MD) simulations were performed to examine anticancer role of L1–L5 against methyltransferase cancerous enzyme target. The results indicated that formations of ligand-target complexes could be occurred within different types of interactions and surrounding amino acids of central ligand. In agreement with the achievements of analyses of single-standing L1–L5 compounds, L4-Target was seen as the strongest complex among possible complex formations. Moreover, values of binding energies and inhibition constant indicated that all five chromene derivatives could work as inhibitors of methyltransferase cancerous enzyme by the most advantage for L4 ligand. And as a final remark, details of such anticancer activity were recognized by graphical representations of ligand-target complexes showing types of interactions and involving amino acids in interactions.

SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF AZOMETHINES, DERIVATIVES OF 4-(O-LUPINYL)BENZALDEHYDE

The article describes the results of studies on the synthesis and structural features of 4-lupinylbenzaldehydes and azomethine derivatives of the lupinine alkaloid. Chemical modification of the lupinine alkaloid was carried out by the halomethylene group in the C-1 position of the quinolysin backbone. The reactions were carried out in several stages. The results of the synthesis of 4-lupinylbenzaldehydes (4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxy-3-ethoxy-benzaldehyde) synthons in the synthesis of biologically active substances with yields of 67.3% and 74.0%, respectively, are presented. The interaction of 4-lupinylbenzaldehyde with 4-chlorobenzylamine and vinyl ester of monoethanolamine synthesized lupinyl-containing azomethines with yields of 78.4% and 77.4%, respectively. The structure of the obtained compounds was established based on the analysis of the ¹H and 13C NMR spectra, the multiplicity of signals in the 13C NMR spectra was determined from the spectra recorded in the J-modulation mode. The assignment of signals in the spectra was carried out using various modern methods of correlation spectroscopy 1H-1H (COZY), and 1H-13C (HMBC, HSQC). The values of chemical shifts, multiplicity and integral intensity of 1H and 13C signals in one-dimensional NMR spectra are determined. Bioscreening of new 4-lupinylbenzaldehydes and azomethines was carried out, among which substances with high antimicrobial activity were identified. The antimicrobial activity of all the presented samples was studied on reference test microorganisms: facultative anaerobic gram-positive cocci of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, aerobic gram-positive spore-forming Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, gram-negative rods facultative anaerobes of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 aerobic Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and yeast fungus Candida albicans ATCC 10231 by diffusion into agar (wells).