Derivational Prefixes Research Articles

A Word-Based Approach to the So-Called Category-Changing Usage of the English Derivational Prefix Out-

One of the traditional observations about English derivational morphology is that prefixes behave differently from suffixes and are rather close to lexemes. A word-based analysis of prefixes based on this observation has been proposed, but it faces a challenge raised by the seemingly category-changing property of the comparative verb-forming prefix out-. This study aims to solve this problem in a framework that enriches the traditional generative word-based morphology with the concept of the Abstract Lexical Unit. In analyzing data, I pay attention to the degree semantics of comparative out-prefixed verbs and show that the so-called “denominal or deadjectival” out-verbs are produced as hyponyms of already existing out-verbs with sparse semantics. A pseudonym experiment demonstrates that this type of out-verb has a number/rank/action comparative interpretation, and the nouns or adjectives that occupy the head position further specify the object that is counted. The problematic type is related to its base word via head replacement rather than concatenative affixation. Drawing on these new perspective and observations, this paper shows that the traditional finding about the status of English prefixes can be maintained in a word-based approach.

THE FREQUENCY AND USAGE OF OVER-DERIVATIVES IN TEXTS ON COVID-19

Being stylistically neutral, prefix over- is used in different functional styles. Here the focus is on its usage in words appearing in written newspaper texts on COVID-19. The main goal of the paper is to examine the overall frequency of overderivatives in this type of text. The idea is to illustrate the most frequent word class of derivatives, show their meanings and to analyse morphological and colligational patterns in which and with which they occur. Derivational prefixes can change either the meaning of the word they are attached to or the word class. Taking into account the frequency and features derived words with this prefix show, we consider that this paper will give a significant contribution to further research on over-words in different types of texts.

Morphological Analysis of Derivational Affixes Used in Eka Kurniawan’s Novel Beauty is a Wound Translated by Annie Tucker

This research aims to analyze the derivational affixes which contained in Beauty is A Wound novel. The data of research containing derivational affixes in Beauty is A Wound novel, and use that novel as the sources of data in this research as real process of data information. The writer uses descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the data. The data is based on Katamba’s theory of derivational affixes. As the result of the research, the writer found 744 derivational affixes, which consists 114 derivational prefixes and 630 derivational suffixes. The most frequent data on the novel is 326 derivational suffix –ly (43.82%), then 78 prefix un- (10.49%), 77 suffix –er (10.35%), then 45 suffix –al (6.05%), next is 42 suffix –ity (5.65%), followed by 37 suffix –ness (4.98%), the next is 33 suffix –ful (4.44%), after that 28 suffix –ment (3.77%), followed by 26 suffix –less (3.50%), next is 13 prefix in- (1.75%), then 12 prefix re- (1.62%), followed by 9 prefix dis- (1.21%), and 7 suffix –ship (0.95%), then 7 suffix –ic (0.95%), and 2 suffix –hood (0,08%), and the lowest is 2 prefix en- (0,08%).

TRANSFORMATION OF HEALTH TERMINOLOGY THROUGH DERIVATIONAL AFFIXATION IN CNN ONLINE NEWS

Derivational affixation is a linguistic process that involves the creation of new words by adding prefixes, suffixes, or infixes to existing words. These affixes can modify the word's part of speech, alter its meaning, or both. The present study had the objective of identifying various types of derivational affixes and examining the morphological transformations they bring about in health-related terms within CNN's online news platform. Employing qualitative research methods informed by Katamba's theoretical framework (2005), the investigation utilized a dataset sourced from the news website https://edition.cnn.com/. The dataset encompassed 30 health-related news articles spanning topics such as COVID-19, mental health, food, beauty, sleep, and pregnancy. Based on data analysis from 30 health news, there were 13 words containing derivational prefixes and 64 words containing derivational suffixes. The words in derivational prefix did not change the part of speech but changed the meaning. In derivational suffixes, there are 7 types of changes that change word from verb to noun (23 words), adjective to noun (14 words), noun to noun (10 words), noun to adjective (7 words), adjective to adverb (5 words), verb to adjective (4 words), and the last noun to verb (1 word). From the findings, it can be concluded that the addition of affixes to words explains the function of sentence structure. Derivational suffixes are found the most because they have many interactions of forms, meanings, and functions. Keywords: derivational affix, health, prefix, suffix, news

Morphophonological Study of Southern Bade Prefixes

This paper describes the structures and functions of prefixes in southern Bade, a dialect of Bade language. Bade is the West Chadic-B language of Afro-Asiatic phyla, mainly spoken in the northern part of Yobe State, Nigeria. Prefixation, as a morphological operation, is a process whereby a bound morpheme is attached before a root or a stem to derive a new lexeme or inflect the existing one. In addition to the researcher’s innate knowledge as a native speaker, the data were obtained through an oral interview and unobtrusive observation, mainly from dialect speakers of the language. Generative Approaches (Chomsky and Halle, 1968) formed the theoretical framework of the study. From the data obtained, the paper identified and discussed five derivational prefixes found in the nominal system of the dialect {ma-} prefix is used in deriving agential nouns, personal and instrument names, {ga(a)-} in forming participial adjectives and adverbs, {saa-} in deriving female namesake and circumstantial names. {tə-} and {də-} are used in deriving personal names and adjectives respectively from a verb base. The morphophonological alternations that occurred in the prefixation processes include the weakening of voiced velar /g/ to becoming labial velar [w]; schwa [ə] deletion re-syllabification; insertion of link element; deletion, labialization; and palatalization. It argues that some of the prefixes simultaneously co-occur with varying suffixes, depending on the word class derived, in the formation process, while a few are not.

Derivational Affixes Used in Selected Song Lyrics of Westlife

This research discusses about affixes in selected song lyrics of Westlife. The researcher analysed twenty song’s lyrics of Westlife which is used as data source. Descriptive qualitative method was used in this research. The purpose of this research is to identify the derivational affixes found in selected song lyrics of Westlife. The result of this research shows 78 data of derivational affixes were found in selected song lyrics of Westlife. They were categorized into prefix and suffix. Prefix category found from the data source are prefix im-and mis-. Meanwhile, suffixes found are –ly, -ize, -ship, -ish, -ion, -ness, -less, -ful, -ous, -ence, -ing, and -en. All affixes found are classified into derivational prefix are im-, and mis- and derivational suffixes are –ly, -ize, -ship, -ish, -ion, -ness, -less, -ful, -ous, -ence, -ing, and -en. Those affixes give explanation about forming new word and new meaning in Westlife selected song’s lyrics.

CRYTICAL ANALYSIS OF MORPHEMES IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE POEMS

The main thing that must be learned in mastering a language is words. Words are related to morphology because morphology affects spelling, reading comprehension, and vocabulary. In understanding the meaning of vocabulary, language users need to study morphology, especially derivational and inflectional morphemes. This research is designed to identify and explain the process of derivational and inflectional morphemes in the poems. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research is the poetries of William Shakespeare entitled All the World’s A Stage and Fidele ((Fear no more the heat o’ the sun). The results showed that there were 61 morphemes consisting of 18 derivational morphemes and 43 inflectional morphemes. The meaning of derivational and inflectional are derivational prefix: un-, derivational suffix: -ly, -er, -ful, -ish, -ness, -ous, -ing, -ed, and –tion; and inflectional suffix: -s, -ed, irregular verb, -‘s, -ing.

How useful is it to teach affixes in intermediate classes?

Abstract It is assumed by many teachers and materials writers that it is important to teach at all levels the forms and meanings of derivational prefixes and suffixes, as an important aid to learning new words in English. However, corpus evidence suggests that knowledge of the meanings of such components occurring within the most common 5,000 words in English—a rough upper target vocabulary level for intermediate-level (B1) students—does not, in most cases, help learners at this level to understand the words of which they form a part. It is concluded that probably only a relatively small number of prefixes and suffixes are worth teaching in courses for intermediate classes.

Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes on the Thesis Abstracts

An analysis of derivational and inflectional morpheme has great values because sometimes, learners face difficulties in understanding those morphemes. Dealing with this problem, this study was aimed to describe the types of derivational and inflectional morphemes. As this study analyzed the written documents, this study was identified as library research. Subjects of this study were five alumni of the master of English education study program of STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo. Documentation and the researcher himself were recognized as the instruments of this study. The data of this study were all words attached by derivational or inflectional morpheme, and all those data were taken from students’ research abstracts. In analyzing the data, the researcher used content analysis. The results showed that the researcher found and discussed two types of derivational morpheme namely derivational prefix (“-un” and “-in”) and derivational suffix (“-ion”, “-al”, “-ance”, “-er”, “-ive”, “-ity”, “-able”, “-ary”, and “-ly”). However, the researcher found and discussed 5 types of inflectional morpheme covering: plural (-s), possessive (-s’ or ‘s), present (-s or -es), past (-ed), and present participle (-ing).

Types of derivational affixes in new idea magazine: a morphological analysis

This study was aimed to identify the derivational affixes that can be found in “New Idea”magazine. Specifically, this study was focused on analyzing the types and the process of derivational affixes that were found in the data source. This study used qualitative descriptive method to analyze the data. The data were analyzed based on the theory proposed by Katamba (1993) to solve the problem which about the types of derivational affixes. Theory that proposed by Rochelle Lieber (2009) was used to solve the problem about the morphological process of derivational affixes. This study found 427 data that contains derivational affixes. Derivational prefixes were found in 52 data with percentage 12% such as prefix in-, un-, dis- , re-, ex-, en-, and pre-. Then, derivational suffixes were found in 375 data with percentage 88% such as suffix –hood, -ship, -ness, -ity, -ment, -less, -ful, -ic, -al, -er, -ly, -ion, -ish, -ing and –ed. This study concluded that derivational suffix –ly was the most dominant type of derivational affixes that found in“New Idea”magazine.

DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES ON NATIONAL COLUMN IN THE JAKARTA POST ONLINE NEWSPAPER

This aims of this research were to find out the kinds and the process of derivational affixes of national column in The Jakarta Post online. This research belong to descriptive qualitative research. The data was gotten from national column of The Jakarta Post online newspaper which published on June 4th - 8th 2018. The data in this research were collected by some steps 1) searching The Jakarta Post Newspaper at www.newspaperPDF.com, 2) reading the sentences of the chosen in The Jakarta Post Online Newspaper to find out the words which contain derivational affixes, 3) collecting the words which contain derivational affixes to get the data of the kind derivational affixes by prefixation and suffixation. The result of analysis in this research were 1) The total number of words that conducted by a process of derivational affixes are 301 words were suffixes forming noun are more dominantly as much as 167 words which a process of verb to noun are frequently found in a 123 times, 2) The derivation process of suffixes is much more found from the derivational prefixes.
 
 Keyword: Affixes, Derivation, The Jakarta Post Online Newspaper

DERIVATION AND INFLECTION ON SELENA GOMEZ SONG LYRICS IN REVIVAL ALBUM

This study was designed by using descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data because it explains derivation and inflection affixes that found on Selena Gomez Song Lyrics in Revival Album. This study aimed to find out the derivation and inflection affixes on Selena Gomez song lyric in Revival Album also to describe the function ofeach derivation and inflection affixes found. The data was collected by using documentation. The result of this study there are two types of affix were used. They were prefix and suffix. There is no infix was used. Derivational prefix which is found–re. Meanwhile, derivational suffixes which are found, they are–ed,-ly,-ness,-tion,-ion,-cal.-ful,-er,-ity and -al. The functions of derivational affixes consist of noun forming, adverb forming, adjective forming, and verb forming. On the other hand inflectional suffixes consists of -s,-ing, -ed. The function of inflectional suffixes consist ofthird singular person marker, past tense marker, progressive marker, and plural marker.The mostly used of inflection affixes was suffix –ing functioned as progressive marker. Based on the finding, it is concluded that learn derivation and inflection affixes can helps learners create a new words by adding prefix and suffix. In conclusion, derivation affixes occur to create new word from existing word in two ways, they can change the meaning of word or the word class. And inflection affixes occur not to used to produce new words in the language, but rather to indicate aspects of the grammatical function of word.Thesuggestion fromresearcher to isto study moreaboutthederivation and inflection affixesnotonly fromthebookbutalsofromanother sourceslikesongs, moviesubtitle,etc.And suggests the English learner should learn derivation and inflection affixes because from this affixes can change the part of speech and also create a new meaning that can improve their vocabulary.

Derivational Affixes Intontemboan Language

The Tontemboan language is one of the regional languages in Minahasa. This language has two dialects namely Makela’I and Matana’i. The purpose of this writing is to describe one side of the morphological process of Tontemboan language, in particular, Makela’I dialect, which is focused on Derivational affixes in Tontemboan language, their arrangement, and combination with other morphemes to form words, and their function. In conducting this research, the writer uses the qualitative method. In collecting data she used several techniques: Observation, interviewing, and analyzing written texts were used to collect and analyze data. The informants are choosing according to certain criteria, they came from the Motoling Barat Region. The result is there are 6 Derivational prefixes, those are :prefix {ma-} { paka -} ,{ta -}, {ka -},{pa -} {maka -},2 Derivational infixes, they are:Infix { – in –}, Infix { – um –}, 1 Derivational suffix { – an }, 4 Derivational Confixes they are: { ka-an }, {pa-an},{maka – em }, {maka – em }, {um-em}. Derivational affixes change the word class of their base form. It is expected that the result of this writing could be a contribution to the teaching of language, in particular the Tontemboan language.

An Analysis of Derivational Affixes in Song

This research discusses about derivational affixes in song lyrics. The researcher analyzed five songs in Harris Jung’s Salam album. The five songs are: Salam Alaikum, Good Life, Rasool’ Allah, I Promise, and My Hero. The kind of the research was library research. The researcher analyzed the data by using four steps, they are understanding (reading), identifying, classifying, and describing. The results of the research are there were two kinds of derivational affixes in Harris Jung’s Salam album in the five selected songs, they were derivational prefixes and derivational suffixes. The dominant of derivational affixes in Harris Jung’s Salam album in five selected songs were derivational suffixes with the total percantage 64% that are suffixes –ness (4), -y (1), -ful (1), -en (1), -ly (2) and then derivational prefixes with the total percantage 36% that are prefixes re- (2), un- (1), pro- (1), in- (1).

Acquisition of English derivational morphemes students of selected universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Derivational morphemes pose problems for learners of English. In this connection, the nature of the problems faced by the learners needs to be investigated. The present study investigates the acquisition of English derivational morphemes by undergraduate level students. Data for the study was selected from four universities of KPK including Hazara University, Islamia College University, Kohat University of Science and Technology and Swat University. The findings of the study highlight that the problems faced by learners are different in nature. Some students did not easily acquire the English derivational morphemes. Their scores were different for different derivational morphemes suggesting that they had acquired some of these morphemes easily as compared to others. Derivational morphemes such as de-adjective nominal suffixes are acquired more easily as compared to de-verbal nominals. Our first hypothesis that states that class preserving suffixes are acquired easily than class changing suffixes was approved. Furthermore, the classes preserving derivational prefixes were found to be easily acquired than class changing derivational suffixes.

A Grammar of Dhao; An endangered Austronesian language in Eastern Indonesia

This book presents a grammar description of Dhao, an endangered Austronesian language spoken by about 3000 people on Ndao Island in Eastern Indonesia. It is a member of the Sumba-Hawu subgroup in the Austronesian family and displays an intensive contact with nearby Kupang Malay and the Rote dialects, which also influences the grammar of the language. This grammar has six chapters which mainly describe the phonology, morphology, and syntax of Dhao. Dhao has an open syllabic system. Word classes are defined only through constructions. The only derivational prefix pa- bears a variety of meanings and interacts with other morphological processes. (C)a- partial reduplication applies to both nominal and verbal categories. Furthermore, verbs and adjectives are only distinguishable through serial verb constructions (SVCs).In order to indicate grammatical relations, only co-indexing system applies. Due to mismatch between verb valencies and constructions, valency is treated as semantic and transitivity is syntactic term. SVCs include at most three verbs whose types are based on the semantics of the verbs. This grammar provides an innovative contribution to the tradition of language research and description in Eastern Indonesia and specifically in the Timor Region.

Dressed, undressed, or both; The case of Ewaw in Southeast Maluku

This article discusses complexity and simplification in Ewaw (also known as Kei or Keiese), an Austronesian language in Southeast Maluku. Section 1 provides an introduction to the genetics, spelling, and phonology of this language, which is related to the Austronesian languages of Timor. There are two main dialects which subdivide into two variants each. Section 2 provides an overview of the productive inflection in Ewaw and its derivational morphology, of which only reduplication is still productive. It has two noun classes and four verb classes, seventeen derivational prefixes and four derivational suffixes. Section 3 is a sketch of Ewaw syntax and deixis. It has twenty-four adverbial markers to encode direction and manner, which can all be analysed as serial verb constructions. Section 4 compares Ewaw grammar to languages in the region. Whereas Ewaw’s petrified morphology is more complex than in any other language in the region, it now has the simplest morphology. Section 5 concludes that Ewaw’s simplification without “shedding” its morphology is problematic.

On the many faces of coarseness: The case of the Korean mak ‘coarsely’

The concept of coarseness encoded by the lexeme mak ‘coarsely’ is represented at various levels of grammar in Modern Korean. At the level of lexis, the adverb mak designates diverse meanings associated with ‘coarsely’. At the level of bound morphology, the same form can be used as a derivational prefix to verbal, adverbial, or nominal roots to designate ‘recklessness’ or ‘low quality’. At the level of discourse, it carries diverse functions but its core functions are to intensify the meaning and to signal the speaker's negative stance toward the event being described, and to dramatize the event being described with the overtone that the unfolding event/situation was unexpected and, therefore, uncontrollable. The discourse marker development shows extensive subjectification and intersubjectification. The discourse marker often co-occurs with a locution involving a reported speech, with a negative evaluation of the locution of the original author being reported, and with semantically vague deictic pro-verbs, to signal the speaker's inability to find suitable expressions. By using the discourse marker mak, the speaker invites the addressee into the vivid scene of the event in order to create an affective common-ground. In that aspect, mak is a rhetorical device for dramatization in discourse.

Suppletion in Tagdal

AbstractNorthern Songhay languages are known for combining Songhay and Tuareg-Berber features.Nicolaï (1979)divided these languages into nomadic and sedentary sub-branches, something whichBenítez-Torres and Grant (2017)confirmed, bears out very well from a grammatical standpoint. This paper explores some of the interactions between Songhay and Berber vocabulary by looking at suppletion in Tagdal, a nomadic Northern Songhay language. In Tagdal, suppletion occurs when a verb root of Songhay origin is replaced by one of Berber origin whenever a Berber derivational prefix is present. It will be demonstrated that when Tagdal was in its formative period, the prosodic features that came along with the Songhay and Berber portions of the language made it either easier or necessary to keep the two apart. The paper ends with a brief discussion of how Songhay and Berber vocabulary may have interacted during the period when Tagdal and other Northern Songhay languages were still being formed.

A Morphological Process of Derivational Affixes in Popular LINE Webtoon: The Annarasumanara

This research tries to analyze the morphological process of derivational affixes in a popular LINE Webtoon comic titled Annarasumanara authored by Il Kwon Ha. This research uses a synchronic descriptive approach in which data are collected and explained naturally. The objects of this research are the conversations in Annarasumanara from episode 1 to 10. The results of the research are 53 words that changed word classes, involving 7 derivational prefixes and 47 derivational suffixes. The suffix “-ly” is the most dominantly used in the Webtoon. This study revealed not only the detailed morphological process of affix analysis but also the grammatical categories of words and meanings.