Ring Derivatives Research Articles

Functional equations related to higher derivations in semiprime rings

Abstract We investigate the additivity and multiplicativity of centrally extended higher derivations and show that every centrally extended higher derivation of a semiprime ring with no nonzero central ideals is a higher derivation. Moreover, we study preservation of the center of the ring by a centrally extended higher derivation.

Identities involving skew Lie product and a pair of generalized derivations in prime rings with involution

In this paper, we consider skew Lie product on an involutive ring and study several algebraic identities for it, which include generalized derivations of the ring. The results give information about the commutativity of the ring and a description of the generalized derivations.

Generalized g-derivations on prime rings

We introduce the definitions of g-derivations and generalized g-derivations on a ring R. The main objective of the paper is to describe the structure of a prime ring R in which g-derivations and generalized g-derivations satisfy certain algebraic identities with involution ∗, anti-automorphism and automorphism. Some well-known results concerning derivations, generalized derivations, skew derivations and generalized skew derivations in prime rings, have been generalized to the case of g-derivations and generalized g-derivations.

On the module of derivations of rings of invariants of k[X,Y ] under the action of certain dihedral groups

In this paper, we study the derivation module of the ring of invariants of [Formula: see text] under the linear action of dihedral groups [Formula: see text] mentioned in a paper by Riemenschneider [Die Invarianten der endlichen Untergruppen von [Formula: see text], Math. Zeitsch. 153 (1977) 37–50]. We obtained an explicit generating set for the derivation module of [Formula: see text]. We show that [Formula: see text].

Research progress on chemical constituents and biological activities of Arisaematis Rhizoma

Arisaematis Rhizoma included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is the dried tuber of Arisaema erubescens, A. heterophyllum or A. amurense in the family Araceae. This paper mainly focuses on the classification and summary of the chemical components and structures reported in recent years in the above three varieties of this medicinal material included in the pharmacopoeia, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, lignans and benzene ring derivatives, steroids and terpenes, glycosides and esters, etc. Then we reviewed the reported biological activities of these chemical components, including cytotoxicity, antitumor activity, antibacterial activity, nematicidal activity, etc. Although there have been reports on the review of the chemical composition of the medicinal material, the structure and classification of the chemical composition in these reviews are not clear enough. This review provides a basis for the later study of the chemical composition of this medicinal material, especially the identification of the chemical structures. And most of the current reviews on the biological activity of this medicinal material are mainly for the crude extract. This paper mainly summarized the biological activity of related monomer compounds and expected to lay a foundation for the development of novel high-efficiency and low-toxicity active leading compounds from Arisaematis Rhizoma.

Current Status of Novel Pyridine Fused Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: An Insight into Future Perspectives and Structure Activity Relationship (SAR).

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by an abnormal and uncontrolled division of the cells leading to tumors that invade the adjacent normal tissues. After cardiovascular diseases, it is the second most prevalent disease accounting for one in every six deaths worldwide. This alarming rate thus, demands an urgent need to investigate more effective drugs to combat the said disease. Oxygen and nitrogen-based heterocyclic compounds have shown remarkable therapeutic activity towards several diseases, including cancer. In this review, we have attempted to summarize the work done in the last decade (2009-2019), highlighting the anticancer activity of pyrido fused fivemembered heterocyclic ring derivatives. Additionally, we have focused on seven heterocyclic pyridine fused rings: Imidazopyridine, Triazolopyridine, Pyrrolopyridine, Pyrazolopyridines, Thienopyridine, and Isoxazolopyridine. A total of forty-nine compounds have been studied based on their invitro cytotoxic activity and their structure-activity relationship, underlining the anticancer activity of their various pharmacophores and substituents. This review, therefore, aims to draw the attention of the researchers worldwide towards the enormous scope of development of heterocyclic drug compounds, focussing mainly on pyrido fused five-membered heterocyclic rings as anticancer drugs.

Synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico study of novel library sulfonates containing quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives as potential aldose reductase inhibitors.

A series of novel sulfonates containing quinazolin-4(3H)-one ring derivatives was designed to inhibit aldose reductase (ALR2, EC 1.1.1.21). Novel quinazolinone derivatives (1-21) were synthesized from the reaction of sulfonated aldehydes with 3-amino-2-alkylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones in glacial acetic acid with good yields (85%-94%). The structures of the novel molecules were characterized using IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and HRMS. All the novel quinazolinones (1-21) demonstrated nanomolar levels of inhibitory activity against ALR2 (KI s are in the range of 101.50-2066.00 nM). Besides, 4-[(2-isopropyl-4-oxoquinazolin-3[4H]-ylimino)methyl]phenyl benzenesulfonate (15) showed higher inhibitor activity inhibited ALR2 up to 7.7-fold compared to epalrestat, a standard inhibitor. Binding interactions between ALR2 and quinazolinones have been investigated using Schrödinger Small-Molecule Drug Discovery Suite 2021-1, reported possible inhibitor-ALR2 interactions. Both in vitro and in silico study results suggest that these quinazolin-4(3H)-one ring derivatives (1-21) require further molecular modification to improve their drug nominee potency as an ALR2 inhibitor.

Impact of Non-Metallic Organic Tanning Agents with a Double-Triazine Structure on the Microbial Community Structure in Wastewater

This study examined the correlation between non-metallic organic tanning agents (NOTAs) and wastewater containing double-triazine (bistriazine). Specifically, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze how the physical and chemical properties of the bistriazine-containing wastewater affected the microbial community. In total, 9995 operating taxonomy units (OTUs) were detected at a similarity level of 97%. According to the taxonomy results and relative bacterial richness, the non-metallic organic tanning agent (NOTA) wastewater communities showed significant differences. Clostridium sensu stricto and Turicibacter bacteria were dominant in NOTA T2, T3, and the blank control (KB) wastewater; Trichococcus and Aeromonas were dominant in NOTA T4; and Pseudomonas was dominant in T2, T4, and the blank control (KB). Thus, the addition of bistriazine ring derivatives altered the composition of the bacterial community. Furthermore, Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a substantial correlation in the composition of the communities and the physicochemical properties of the wastewater. Acidocella and norank c Cyanobacteria correlated positively with Total Phosphorus (TP) (p ≤ 0.001) and Mycobacterium showed a positively held correlation with pH (p ≤ 0.05). Conversely, norank_f__Elev-16S-1332 indicated a negative correlation with TP, Total Nitrogen (TN), and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (p ≤ 0.05), whereas Zoogloea correlated negatively with NH3–N, TOC, and TN (p ≤ 0.05). Regarding water quality, a significant correlation between microbial communities and the physicochemical properties of bistriazine wastewater was also observed (p ≤ 0.05). We concluded that Trichococcus, Clostridium sensu stricto, Turicibacter, Pseudomonas, Intestinibacter, Acidocella, Bacillus, and Tolumonas showed a high tolerance for bistriazine wastewater, which could offer insight into its bioremediation.

Derivations of group rings for finite and FC groups

In this paper we establish decomposition theorems for derivations of group rings. We provide a topological technique for studying derivations of a group ring A[G] in case G has finite conjugacy classes. As a result, we describe all derivations of algebra A[G] for the case when G is a finite group, or G is an FC-group. In addition, we describe an algorithm to explicitly calculate all derivations of a group ring A[G] in case G is finite. As examples, derivations of Z4[S3] and F2mD2n are considered.

Chemical study of fused ring tetrazine derivatives as possible high energy density materials (HEDMs).

Using density functional theory (DFT), enthalpy of formation (HOF), thermodynamic properties, and detonation properties of a series of tetrazine fused ring derivatives are calculated. The results show that the introduction of coordinated oxygen is beneficial to increase the HOF value. The effects of different substituents on HOF are as follows: -C(NO2)3 > -N3 > -CH(NO2)2 > -NHNO2 > -NO2 > -NHNH2 > -H > -OH. Introduction of -H, -NH2, and -NHNH2 on the parent is not conducive to improving the detonation performance, while the introduction of -C(NO2)3 is conducive to improving the detonation performance of the designed compound. The explosion velocity of the newly designed compounds varies between 8.96 and 10.48km·s-1. The explosion pressure varies between 35.97 and 51.80 GPa, and the density varies between 1.83 and 2.00g·cm-3. Considering the thermal stability, density, and detonation properties, most of these compounds designed this time can be used as potential candidates for high energy density compounds.

Novel inhibitors of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase: In silico, synthesis and in vitro studies

Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) is an unusual alpha kinase whose expression is highly upregulated in various cancers and contributes to tumor growth, metastasis, and progression. More importantly, eEF2K expression is associated with poor clinical outcome and shorter patient survival in breast, lung and ovarian cancers. Therefore, eEF2K is an emerging molecular target for development of novel targeted therapeutics and precision medicine in solid cancers. Currently, there are not any available potent and specific eEF2K inhibitors for clinical translation. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel compounds with coumarin scaffold with various substitutions and investigated their effects in inhibiting eEF2K activity using in silico approaches and in vitro studies in breast cancer cells. We utilized an amide substitution at position 3 on the coumarin ring with their pharmacologically active groups containing pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine and piperazine groups with (CH2)2 bridged for aliphatic amides. Due to their ability to form covalent binding to the target enzyme, we also investigated the effects of boron containing groups on functionalized coumarin ring (3 compounds) and designed novel aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of coumarin scaffolds (10 compounds) and phenyl ring with boron groups (4 compounds). The Glide/SP module of the Maestro molecular modeling package was used to perform in silico analysis and molecular docking studies. According to our combined results, structure activity relationship (SAR) was performed in detail. Among the newly designed, synthesized, and tested compounds, our in vitro findings revealed that several compounds displayed a highly effective eEF2K inhibition at submicromolar concentrations in in vitro breast cancer cells. In conclusion, we identified novel compounds that can be used as eEF2K inhibitors and that they should be further evaluated by in vivo preclinical tumor models studies for antitumor efficacy and clinical translation.

Synthesis and evaluation of poly (Indole/Thiophene) fused ring derivative for C- steel corrosion inhibitor in sulfuric acidic medium

The current study aims to explore the anti-corrosion performance of Poly [2 -amino -4(1 -benzyl -1H -indol - 3 -yl) thiophene - 3 - carbonitrile)] (PABITC) on C-steel in in 0.50 M H2SO4 using weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization measurements (PDP).. PABITC was synthesized with different molecular weights 882, 921, 1388, 15788 g/mol using APS as an oxidizing agent. The chemical structure of the polymer was characterized using H1NMR, DNMR, C13NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. Polarization results reveal that the synthesized polymer acts as a hybrid-type inhibitor. The adsorption of inhibitory atoms of the polymer on the C- steel surface followed Langmuir isotherm. SEM and EDX assure the development of PABITC adsorbed film on the C- steel surface. Quantum calculations were carried out to elucidate the reactive sites in PABITC. All the results approve that PABITC makes a resistive layer to shrink the corrosion process.

Curcumin-Coumarin Hybrid Analogues as Multitarget Agents in Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Neurodegenerative diseases have a complex nature which highlights the need for multitarget ligands to address the complementary pathways involved in these diseases. Over the last decade, many innovative curcumin-based compounds have been designed and synthesized, searching for new derivatives having anti-amyloidogenic, inhibitory of tau formation, as well as anti-neuroinflammation, antioxidative, and AChE inhibitory activities. Regarding our experience studying 3-substituted coumarins with interesting properties for neurodegenerative diseases, our aim was to synthesize a new series of curcumin–coumarin hybrid analogues and evaluate their activity. Most of the 3-(7-phenyl-3,5-dioxohepta-1,6-dien-1-yl)coumarin derivatives 11–18 resulted in moderated inhibitors of hMAO isoforms and AChE and BuChE activity. Some of them are also capable of scavenger the free radical DPPH. Furthermore, compounds 14 and 16 showed neuroprotective activity against H2O2 in SH-SY5Y cell line. Nanoparticles formulation of these derivatives improved this property increasing the neuroprotective activity to the nanomolar range. Results suggest that by modulating the substitution pattern on both coumarin moiety and phenyl ring, ChE and MAO-targeted derivatives or derivatives with activity in cell-based phenotypic assays can be obtained.

Identities with generalized derivations in prime rings

Identities with generalized derivations in prime rings

WITHDRAWN: Molecular Docking, synthesis, anticancer assessment and ADME study of naproxen containing imidazole ring derivatives

Abstract Overexpression of The epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR, a part of the tyrosine kinase family, is linked to drug resistance and poor prognosis in many cancers, like lung and pancreatic cancer. As a result, targeting EGFR and its downstream signaling cascades is now seen as a promising cancer treatment strategy. A new class of Imidazolone-schieff base derivatives has been developed. Before starting the synthesis, docking simulation has been used to insert compounds within the EGFR/TK structure active site using erlotinib as a standard, which exhibit significant tyrosine kinase inhibitor activities because of the hydrogen bonding and short contact with crucial amino acid of EGFR. The identification of newly synthesized compounds was done using IR, 1H NMR, 13CNMR spectroscopic methods as well as some physicochemical properties and in vitroTheir antiproliferative properties were assessed on A549 and BxPC3 cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Notably, compounds 10 and 11 exhibit a valuable cytotoxic effect on A549 cancer cell with an IC50 values (12.3 μM, 9.4 μM) respectively when compared with Erlotinib (IC50 = 25.23 μM) Moreover, compound 11 show significant activity on BxPC3 cancer cell with an IC50 value (18.3 μM). Pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties of the final compounds predicted by using ADME evaluations. Based on this study, according to the findings, the synthesized compounds have a high oral bioavailability and effective GI absorption. It can be concluded that compound 11 and 10 could be potentially distinct anti-cancer derivatives which would aid in the creation of new therapeutics.

Structural and Magnetic Properties of Potassium-Doped 2,3-DiMethylnaphthalene

The development of potential magnetic materials in metal-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has been a research hotspot in recent years. Here we have successfully synthesized stable potassium-doped 2,3-dimethylnaphthalene samples. The combination of first-principles calculations and XRD results identifies that doping of potassium into 2,3-dimethylnaphthalene forms a monoclinic structure with a molar ratio of 1:2 between potassium and molecule. The red shifts in the Raman spectra indicate that potassium 4s electrons are transferred to the organic molecules. The magnetic measurements show that the doped materials exhibit a temperature-independent magnetization in the temperature region of 1.8–300 K, which is consistent with the Pauli paramagnetic behavior. This is distinct from the diamagnetism of pristine material. Compared to the previous focus on benzene ring structure, our study of aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives of benzene ring opens a new route for the development of this field.

Propellanes as Rigid Scaffolds for the Stereodefined Attachment of σ-Pharmacophoric Structural Elements to Achieve σ Affinity.

Following the concept of conformationally restriction of ligands to achieve high receptor affinity, we exploited the propellane system as rigid scaffold allowing the stereodefined attachment of various substituents. Three types of ligands were designed, synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated as σ1 receptor ligands. Propellanes with (1) a 2-methoxy-5-methylphenylcarbamate group at the “left” five-membered ring and various amino groups on the “right” side; (2) benzylamino or analogous amino moieties on the “right” side and various substituents at the left five-membered ring and (3) various urea derivatives at one five-membered ring were investigated. The benzylamino substituted carbamate syn,syn-4a showed the highest σ1 affinity within the group of four stereoisomers emphasizing the importance of the stereochemistry. The cyclohexylmethylamine 18 without further substituents at the propellane scaffold revealed unexpectedly high σ1 affinity (Ki = 34 nM) confirming the relevance of the bioisosteric replacement of the benzylamino moiety by the cyclohexylmethylamino moiety. Reduction of the distance between the basic amino moiety and the “left” hydrophobic region by incorporation of the amino moiety into the propellane scaffold resulted in azapropellanes with particular high σ1 affinity. As shown for the propellanamine 18, removal of the carbamate moiety increased the σ1 affinity of 9a (Ki = 17 nM) considerably. Replacement of the basic amino moiety by H-bond forming urea did not lead to potent σ ligands. According to molecular dynamics simulations, both azapropellanes anti-5 and 9a as well as propellane 18 adopt binding poses at the σ1 receptor, which result in energetic values correlating well with their different σ1 affinities. The affinity of the ligands is enthalpy driven. The additional interactions of the carbamate moiety of anti-5 with the σ1 receptor protein cannot compensate the suboptimal orientations of the rigid propellane and its N-benzyl moiety within the σ1 receptor-binding pocket, which explains the higher σ1 affinity of the unsubstituted azapropellane 9a.

Neuroprotective Effects of Thiamine and Precursors with Higher Bioavailability: Focus on Benfotiamine and Dibenzoylthiamine.

Thiamine (vitamin B1) is essential for brain function because of the coenzyme role of thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) in glucose and energy metabolism. In order to compensate thiamine deficiency, several thiamine precursors with higher bioavailability were developed since the 1950s. Among these, the thioester benfotiamine (BFT) has been extensively studied and has beneficial effects both in rodent models of neurodegeneration and in human clinical studies. BFT has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that seem to be mediated by a mechanism independent of the coenzyme function of ThDP. BFT has no adverse effects and improves cognitive outcome in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent in vitro studies show that another thiamine thioester, dibenzoylthiamine (DBT) is even more efficient that BFT, especially with respect to its anti-inflammatory potency. Thiamine thioesters have pleiotropic properties linked to an increase in circulating thiamine concentrations and possibly in hitherto unidentified metabolites in particular open thiazole ring derivatives. The identification of the active neuroprotective derivatives and the clarification of their mechanism of action open extremely promising perspectives in the field of neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions.

All at once arrangement of both oxygen atoms of dioxygen into aliphatic C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds for hydroxyketone difunctionalization

Both β- and γ- hydroxyketone structures are important units in biologically active molecules, synthetic drugs and fine chemicals. Although there are some routes available for their manufacture from pre-functionalized groups on one or two matrix molecule(s), the approaches to simply and simultaneously deposit two oxygen atoms from dioxygen into two specific C(sp3) positions of pure saturated hydrocarbons have rarely succeeded because they are involved in the targeted activation of three inert C-H σ bonds all at once. Here, we show that a TiO2-CH3CN photocatalytic suspension system enables the insertion of dioxygen into one C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond of strained cycloparaffin derivatives, by which difunctionalized hydroxyketone products are obtained in a one-pot reaction. With the cleavage event to release strain as the directional driving force, as-designed photocatalytic reaction systems show 21 examples of β-hydroxyketone products with 31%–76% isolated yields for three-membered ring derivatives and 5 examples of γ-hydroxyketone products with 30%–63% isolated yields for four-membered ring substrates. 18O isotopic labeling experiments using 18O2, Ti18O2 and intentionally added H218O, respectively, indicated that both oxygen atoms of hydroxyketone products were exclusively from dioxygen, suggesting a previously unknown H+/TiO2-e− catalyzed arrangement pathway of the hydroperoxide intermediate to convert dioxygen into hydroxyketone units.

Derivation of Commutative Rings and the Leibniz Formula for Power of Derivation

Summary In this article we formalize in Mizar [1], [2] a derivation of commutative rings, its definition and some properties. The details are to be referred to [5], [7]. A derivation of a ring, say D, is defined generally as a map from a commutative ring A to A-Module M with specific conditions. However we start with simpler case, namely dom D = rng D. This allows to define a derivation in other rings such as a polynomial ring. A derivation is a map D : A → A satisfying the following conditions: (i) D(x + y) = Dx + Dy, (ii) D(xy) = xDy + yDx, ∀x, y ∈ A. Typical properties are formalized such as: D ( ∑ i = 1 n x i ) = ∑ i = 1 n D x i D\left( {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {{x_i}} } \right) = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {D{x_i}} and D ( ∏ i = 1 n x i ) = ∑ i = 1 n x 1 x 2 ⋯ D x i ⋯ x n ( ∀ x i ∈ A ) . D\left( {\prod\limits_{i = 1}^n {{x_i}} } \right) = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {{x_1}{x_2} \cdots D{x_i} \cdots {x_n}} \left( {\forall {x_i} \in A} \right). We also formalized the Leibniz Formula for power of derivation D : D n ( x y ) = ∑ i = 0 n ( i n ) D i x D n - i y . {D^n}\left( {xy} \right) = \sum\limits_{i = 0}^n {\left( {_i^n} \right){D^i}x{D^{n - i}}y.} Lastly applying the definition to the polynomial ring of A and a derivation of polynomial ring was formalized. We mentioned a justification about compatibility of the derivation in this article to the same object that has treated as differentiations of polynomial functions [3].