Deregulated Market Research Articles

Stochastic Optimization and Uncertainty Quantification of Natrium-based Nuclear-Renewable Energy Systems for Flexible Power Applications in Deregulated Markets

Rapid integration of variable renewable energy sources (VRES) has made modeling and stochastic optimization of hybrid energy systems crucial for studying their long-term performance and viability. However, most studies have focused on just historical data, which may be unreliable for capturing short-term fluctuations, rare events, and long-term patterns of energy demand, price, and the variability of renewable energy sources. For this study, optimal synthetic time series models were developed using Wasserstein distance. The models were validated by comparing the key statistical measures against those of the historical data. They were then used to optimize the integrated Natrium-style advanced energy systems and their long-term (30 years) economics. The stochastic model performs bi-level optimization to find the optimal sizes for the balance of plant and thermal energy storage, while also optimizing energy dispatch to achieve the maximum net present value.In studies of two deregulated markets (California ISO and the Electric Reliability Council of Texas), the integrated Natrium-style system performed better in CAISO than in ERCOT, given higher and more consistent electricity prices during peak-demand periods. The potentially enlarged cost associated with the variable operation and maintenance of the TES system also plays a significant role in driving the system sizing, thus its impacts on the system are investigated in detail through comparison against a baseline case. The study also finds that the bi-level optimization results based on stochastic gradient descent closely match the grid search results. The uncertainty quantification of the stochastic signals provides further NPV-related insights and probability distributions for the case studies. The normal standard error of the mean of NPV for the case with and without TES VOM for CAISO were found to be 7.73M ± 1.09M USD and 104.99M ± 1.25M USD, respectively based on a 95% confidence. Given the relatively small NPV variance based on 150 samples, the analysis affords the most robust possible prediction of the techno-economic performance of the integrated Natrium-style energy systems.

Corrections to “Multi-Micro Grid System Reinforcement Across Deregulated Markets, Energy Resources Scheduling and Demand Side Management Using a Multi Agent-Based Optimization in Smart Grid Paradigm”

Corrections to “Multi-Micro Grid System Reinforcement Across Deregulated Markets, Energy Resources Scheduling and Demand Side Management Using a Multi Agent-Based Optimization in Smart Grid Paradigm”

Multi-Micro Grid System Reinforcement Across Deregulated Markets, Energy Resources Scheduling and Demand Side Management Using a Multi-Agent-Based Optimization in Smart Grid Paradigm

Multi-Micro Grid System Reinforcement Across Deregulated Markets, Energy Resources Scheduling and Demand Side Management Using a Multi-Agent-Based Optimization in Smart Grid Paradigm

Proactive Defense Strategy Against Uncertainty Induced Voltage Disturbance Propagation in Deregulated Market Oriented Greener Grids

Renewable resource proliferation results in clusters with reactive power interdependence within emerging deregulated power grids. The clusters generally form as balancing areas (BA) and the reactive power interdependence is endured through voltage-controlled areas. In such grids, renewable generation uncertainty could manifest as propagating voltage disturbances towards the relatively weaker clusters. Operational and topological constraints of locally optimized conventional reactive support systems limit their capability in alleviating the propagation. This work demonstrates voltage disturbance propagation between BAs and proposes a framework to defend and mitigate them. The framework comprises a proactive resource procurement followed by a proactive first line of defense and a two-stage mitigation strategy. The strategy intelligently utilizes distributed resources through wide area supplementary control. The strategy avails the cyber-physical features of the grid to formulate the multi-criterion decision logic and associated defense as well as mitigation plan. This complex process is realized by an analytical hierarchical process (AHP). Extensive case studies conducted on modified IEEE 68 bus system illustrates the vitality of this decision logic and validates the effectiveness of defense plan and real-time mitigation strategy. The proposed approach also leads to better utilization of available reactive resources and facilitates improved participation in the deregulated market.

Power Quality Improvement and Sustainable operation in A Standalone Micro Grid by Regulating Frequency in A Deregulated Market

Cooperative decision-making has always benefited from achieving objectives subjected to system constraints in a microgrid. This paper considers the power balance between generation and load as a significant power quality issue. Hence, frequency regulation is regarded as a primary challenge in the system. When the system operator works towards profit for the power producer, an integrated operation provides a solution. The sources considered in this system are Solar PhotoVoltaics (SPV), FuelCells (FC), Diesel Generators (DG) and Battery driven Electric Vehicles (BEV), where the BEVs operate in Vehicle microgrid mode. A central controller and local controllers are present to operate the generators at desired levels. A cascaded fuzzy controller is designed that chooses the best suitable BEV to be connected to the microgrid. The system is implemented in a MATLAB Simulation environment, and various scenarios and cases have been considered for evaluating the system response and its sustainability.

Impact of a Carbon Tax on Energy Transition in a Deregulated Market: A Game-Based Experimental Approach

Energy companies in a competitive market face a dilemma between the short-term revenue benefits of using fossil fuels and the long-term market benefits of investing in renewables. This dilemma is caused by uncertainties in price competition, return on investment in renewables, and the price of fossil fuels. This study experimentally investigated whether a carbon tax contributes to overcoming this conflict using an online multi-player game. The participants played the role of energy companies that produce energy from either fossil fuels or renewables. The game was played seven times each, with and without taxation on fossil fuels. In the with-tax condition, the rate and timing of taxation were informed at the beginning of the game, and the tax was imposed late in the game. The gameplay results showed that the investment in renewables was increased by the actual taxation but not by the information of taxation in advance. The answers to in- and post-game questionnaires indicated that information on taxation did not reduce player anxiety about future uncertainties. These results suggest the importance of considering the effects of policies on the perceptions and future behaviors of market players.

An Architecture for Generation Scheduling in Deregulated Market with Internet of Things Infrastructure

An Architecture for Generation Scheduling in Deregulated Market with Internet of Things Infrastructure

Optimal Type-2 Fuzzy Based Secondary Control Strategy for Three-Area Hybrid Power System Integrating Renewable Sources Under Various Deregulated Market Scenarios

Optimal Type-2 Fuzzy Based Secondary Control Strategy for Three-Area Hybrid Power System Integrating Renewable Sources Under Various Deregulated Market Scenarios

Gentrification and Care A Theoretical Model

Gentrification and care are two topics that are rarely brought into conversation in the economics literature. Often, gentrification is studied in relation to displacement, housing prices, property values, and segregation. The economics of care, on the other hand has often been occupied with measurement and valuation of women’s labor on a global, de-regulated market. Anthropologists and other social scientists, however, have studied the collaboration and care work that women foster beyond the household. The sharing of unpaid social reproductive labor among networks of women/families is key to sustaining the coherence of low-income communities. If gentrification causes displacement, then, an episode of gentrification can cause care networks to disperse. To bridge the largely parallel literatures on gentrification and care work, we present a mathematical model of gentrification where agents base their decision to move on both the price of housing, and the price of care. The price of care is offset by the ability of agents to form care networks. Our models suggest that gentrification disperses the care networks of the poor, increasing their vulnerability to rising housing prices. Thus, decisions to move are predicated on a particular ‘social price point’-a decision that is not only economic but reflects increasing geographic distance from those who collaborate to accomplish social reproductive and other tasks of community maintenance.

A Novel Method for Electricity Price Determination in Deregulated Markets

A Novel Method for Electricity Price Determination in Deregulated Markets

Employers’ behavioural responses to the introduction of an apprenticeship levy in England: an ex ante assessment

ABSTRACT An apprenticeship levy was introduced in England in 2017 to help the government meet its target of 3 million apprenticeships between 2015 and 2020. Training levies have been, until recently, something of an anathema in public policy circles in England with most having been abolished by the mid-1980s as the government moved towards creating a flexible, de-regulated labour market. So why would an apprenticeship levy now produce better results? In this paper, we analyse in-depth employer interviews carried out in 2016 to identify possible impacts of the levy on businesses’ approaches to apprenticeships. We consider whether, ex ante, the levy was expected to result in: more apprentices being trained; reconfiguration of existing training structures into apprenticeships; employers ‘gaming’ the system, with levy funds being used but not producing real gains in training; or, employers writing off the levy. These findings are presented alongside data on apprenticeship starts since the levy’s introduction. We discuss the dramatic fall in apprenticeship starts relative to pre-levy numbers. Given the latest figures and our ex ante study of employers, it appears as though even such wide-sweeping change to the programme may do little to overcome longstanding, low levels of employer demand for apprenticeships.

Economic Performance of Fusion Power Plant on Deregulated Electricity Markets

Due to its complicated market mechanisms, conventional economic metrics such as Levelised Cost of Electricity may not be able to accurately represent the economic performance of nuclear fusion power plants on deregulated electricity markets. For this reason, this paper quantitatively analyzes the economic performance of steady-state fusion power plants on deregulated electricity markets for the first time with a newly constructed Simplified PJM Market Model. PJM is a successful regional transmission organization in the United States with approximately 180 GW of generating capacity. The results show that the economic performance of fusion power plant has higher sensitivity to the frequency of unplanned outages (including ones from plasma disruptions) on deregulated electricity markets. It is also indicated that the energy storage for plasma startups could be monetized through deregulated market mechanisms, which could turn into a unique advantage of future nuclear fusion power plants. The paper presents a case-study on a vital new area for the economic assessment of fusion power plant: the economic performance on the deregulated electricity market.

Media Market as an Example of a Deregulated Market: Historical and Social Analysis of the Local Media

The media market consists of: media (media, ie television, radio and printed press, as well as new media in the domain), their recipcom and filter, and so-called. regulators, that is organizations and institutions that control media activities (note: Internet content is not a regulation format). The National Council of Radio Broadcasting and Television controls the content of television broadcasting and analyzing programs as well as receiving and receiving concessions. The Office of Electronic Communications assigns and controls the subject of technical possibilities of broadcasting radio and television programs. Citizens' organizations that oversee media activities. These include industry organizations, e.g. journalistic associations. The media are businesses. To the fact that in their activity they are guided not only by interest, openness or mission, but also by financial profit. There are three basic ways to fund the media. Public media owned by the public is financed from the subscription and advertising. The money from the subscription is spent on the so-called mission, advertising revenue - for other purposes (eg entertainment programs). Commercial media is financed from private capital and advertising. Social media (do not mistake them for social networking sites). Setting up and running a television or radio station for a very expensive investment. The media market 1 is available only to you. To, that the value of the collection program along with its popularity. Therefore, more people watched the video, the more you have to pay for advertising during this broadcast. To make as much money as possible, senders need to care about the attractiveness of the program. To do it in various ways, e.g. to decide to profile the program. Universal programs are suitable for various types of programs: entertainment, educational, information etc. Thematic programs such as: culture, sport or motorization.Keywords: media, labor market, local media, Poland, open market

Optimal Operation Strategies into Deregulated Markets for 50 MWe Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Power Plants with Thermal Storage

The evolution of electric generation systems, according to relevant legislation, allows for the parallel evolution of the installed power capacity of renewable resources with the development of technologies for renewable resources, therefore optimizing the choice of energy mix from renewable resources by prioritizing the implementation of concentrating solar thermal plants. Thanks to their great potential, parabolic trough solar thermal power plants have become the most widely spread type of electricity generation by renewable solar energy. Nonetheless, the operation of the plant is not unique; it must be adapted to the parameters of solar radiation and market behavior for each specific location. This work focuses on the search for the optimal strategies of operation by a mathematical model of a 50 MWe parabolic trough thermal power plant with thermal storage. The analysis of the different ways of operation throughout a whole year, including model verification via a currently operating plant, provides meaningful insights into the electricity generated. Focused to work under non-regulated electricity markets to adjust this type of technology to the European directives, the presented model of optimization allows for the adaptation of the curve of generation to the network demands and market prices, rising the profitability of the power plant. Thus, related to solar resources and market price, the economic benefit derived from the electricity production improves between 5.17% and 7.79%.

Toward a National Conversation on Health: The Transformative Power of Deregulated Markets and Market-Driven Innovation.

The U.S. health care system is broken. Unhealthy behaviors, misaligned incentives, excessive regulations, and a reactive care delivery system have created an unsustainable situation for the American people. Health care reform efforts to date have focused primarily on costs, insurance coverage, and policies and regulations in an attempt to increase access, improve quality and control costs. In addition, the Affordable Care Act has created so much complexity that it is nearly impossible to determine how elements in the health care system interact or impact health outcomes. Health care is more complex than ever, with a myriad of new government regulations that must be considered when designing new models of health.New care delivery models that increase consumer choice, encourage competition through free markets, and accelerate innovation are urgently needed. The longstanding fee-for-service model of health care, which is driven by government regulation and the insurance industry, must be abandoned. In its place, the authors provide examples of several emerging market-driven innovations that are currently being implemented and evaluated for viability, replicability, and scalability. They also recommend specific environments for piloting innovative, consumer-focused models of health care, and for helping the government define a process for eventually backing out of health care in order to create a truly deregulated system.

Frequency Regulation in Deregulated Market Using Vehicle-to-Grid Services in Residential Distribution Network

Progress in vehicle-to-grid technology opens market for electric vehicle (EV) users to participate in the emergency reliability services, such as frequency regulation (FR). EVs can be considered as a mobile energy storage, which has the potential to compensate the uncontracted power if the contracts between the market players are breached. As all the EVs will be penetrated to the distribution network, distribution power loss along with the power limit of transformer and lines must be incorporated in the EV model. In this paper, the accuracy of conventional EV model is improved by introducing distributed network characteristics to participate in FR under deregulated environment in the presence of diverse transmission links such as ac/dc links. Fractional order plus proportional plus integral plus derivative (FOPID) controller also abbreviated as PI λ D μ controller is used for coordinated control of conventional units and EVs. Flower pollination algorithm is employed to choose the controller parameters under different scenarios. Extensive simulations have been performed to validate the superiority of the proposed control strategy. Obtained results strongly suggest that FOPID controller is far superior to conventional PID controller.

Congestion Management in Deregulated Electricity Power Market using STATCOM and TCSC

In last few years the electrical industry is deregulating all over the places. Deregulation has brought many changes in organization and operation of power industry. This deregulation increases competition among power utility and allows the customer to choose their supplier of electricity. Number of participant will increase in the competitive market of power industry and all the participant will try to get supply at low cost sources. After deregulation of power market, congestion in electric grid is quite often. So, it is very important to relieve problem of congestion. Problem of congestion, frequently occur in transmission system and distribution system. This paper proposes FACTS devices to relieve from congestion. FACTS devices will efficiently control the power flow. Modelling, simulation and analysis of 5 bus system using MATLAB is explained in this paper. Comparison with and without STATCOM and TCSC is done to control the power flow and result is obtained. Keywords:congestion;deregulation; power market; STATCOM; TCSC

Towards Customer Leadership

Today Australia's telecommunications market is strongly contested. Competitors with highly skilled, experienced and focused marketing teams battle for market position, market share and profit growth.This has not always been so.Telecom Australia was established in 1975 as the government owned national telecommunications carrier. Protected by regulated monopolies for network services and customer premises equipment, Telecom held perhaps 90% of the market. The predominantly engineering culture believed that it only needed a nominal marketing department and no sales force.In 1981 the monopolies were threatened. Telecom decided that it needed a sales force - quickly.This is a brief story of the building of that sales force over the first five years.In a government owned business steeped in the public service culture, strongly influenced by the public service unions and under a Labour government it was a grinding task.After five years the "subscribers" were more widely addressed and treated as "customers" and the sales force was operational. It was to be at least another six years before the sales force made the customers the focus of the business, and the skills, experience, management and culture of the force could match serious competitors in a de-regulated market.

Towards Customer Leadership

Today Australia's telecommunications market is strongly contested. Competitors with highly skilled, experienced and focused marketing teams battle for market position, market share and profit growth.This has not always been so.Telecom Australia was established in 1975 as the government owned national telecommunications carrier. Protected by regulated monopolies for network services and customer premises equipment, Telecom held perhaps 90% of the market. The predominantly engineering culture believed that it only needed a nominal marketing department and no sales force.In 1981 the monopolies were threatened. Telecom decided that it needed a sales force - quickly.This is a brief story of the building of that sales force over the first five years.In a government owned business steeped in the public service culture, strongly influenced by the public service unions and under a Labour government it was a grinding task.After five years the "subscribers" were more widely addressed and treated as "customers" and the sales force was operational. It was to be at least another six years before the sales force made the customers the focus of the business, and the skills, experience, management and culture of the force could match serious competitors in a de-regulated market.

An Inclusive Review on Load Frequency Control in Deregulated Market

Load frequency control is one of the most important ancillary services brought in after deregulation of electricity market, which must be procured by the system operator from the market participants by some regulatory mechanism or by using market-based approaches. This paper presents an overview of load frequency control service prevailing in India and other developed countries after deregulation. Brief review on various control strategies proposed by researchers to design LFC controller to regulate the frequency in deregulated market has been covered. Finally, price based frequency linked load frequency control scheme has been discussed.