Deregulated Electricity Environment Research Articles

A new approach to design and optimize sizing of hybrid microgrid in deregulated electricity environment

The demand for electrical energy in urban and suburban areas is increasing drastically because of various reasons. The electricity bill is enhanced significantly due to increased comfort levels and uses of modern appliances. Therefore, the demand response along with the power generated from renewable energy resources is playing an important role in reducing electricity bills without compromising any comforts. In this paper, a novel framework is proposed for the selection of renewable energy resources and sizing optimization with reduced cost and increased productivity for the end-users. The simultaneous process of selecting the appropriate renewable energy resources and sizing is covered in three stages: initially, the prediction of power from the renewable energy resources to perform a feasibility analysis is provided. Thereafter, the sizing of the battery energy storage system for grid integrated system to meet the load profile is performed. Finally, the performance analysis of the proposed microgrid in deregulated electricity environment is performed. The modeling of the proposed hybrid microgrid considers load flexibility and the stochastic behavior of renewable energy resources. Moreover, the net metering concept (bi-directional energy exchange) is applied. For the developed model, the percentage of AROI is found to be 6.8% with payback period of 6.67 years.

A literature survey on LFC in a deregulated electricity environment

This paper deals with an exhaustive literature survey on load frequency control (LFC) of a deregulated electricity environment for different market scenarios for various power generating units such as thermal, hydro, wind, diesel, and hybrid power systems. Load frequency controls employ conventional controllers such as I, PI, PID controllers as well as robust control methods such as intelligent controllers for single area as well as interconnected systems. The FACTS controllers are used for enhancing power quality and reliability in interconnected systems. The benefits of various controllers and their limitations in a deregulated electricity environment are discussed in details based on the progressive work in modern power systems. The control strategies are based on NERC standards to reduce wear and tear and overcome the dynamic and transient disturbances during sudden load change. The controllers should also take care of contingencies in the modern power system and restore the system to normal condition and ensure steady state stability.

A literature survey on LFC in a deregulated electricity environment

A literature survey on LFC in a deregulated electricity environment

Optimal Setting of FACTS Devices using Particle Swarm Optimization for ATC Enhancement in Deregulated Power System

Abstract In electricity supply industries, the word deregulation is disassembly of original structure and reassembly into another form for better efficiency, performance and to draw private sector investment. The major concerns in deregulated power market are transmission pricing, congestion management and Available Transfer Capability (ATC) that need to be dogged. Among these intriguing challenges, one that needs to be interrogated to provide assured open access transmission service is ATC. The way of improving ATC is either adding transmission facilities or using various FACTS devices. In this paper, our concern is incorporation of FACTS, a semiconductor based control devices to enhance the ATC of transmission system. Various FACTS devices like STATCOM, SSSC and UPFC are modeled by power flow equations and optimally set the FACTS parameters by particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique in such a way so as to enhance ATC in the deregulated electricity environment. This replaces the audacious job of erecting new transmission system or expanding the existing one. The non iterative, simple and fast Power Transfer Distribution Factors (PTDF) based sensitivity method is adopted to determine and enhance ATC on sample six bus system to prove the feasibility of ATC enhancement for bilateral and multilateral transactions.

A robust mixed H2/ H∞ based LFC of a deregulated power system including SMES

This paper presents a new robust decentralized controller based on mixed H 2/ H ∞ control technique for the solution of load frequency control (LFC) problem including superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) in a deregulated electricity environment. To achieve decentralization, in each control area, the connections between this area and the rest of the system and the effects of possible contracts are treated as a set of new disturbance signals. In order to minimize effects of load disturbances and to achieve desired level of robust performance in the presence of modeling uncertainties and practical constraints on control action the idea of mixed H 2/ H ∞ control technique is being used for the solution of LFC problem. This newly developed design strategy combines advantage of H 2 and H ∞ control syntheses and gives a powerful multi-objectives design addressed by the linear matrix inequalities (LMI) technique. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method a four-area restructured power system is considered as a test system under different operating conditions. The simulation results with the proposed controller are shown to maintain robust performance in the presence of SMES unit in two areas at power system and without SMES unit in any of the areas. Analysis reveals that the proposed control strategy with considering SMES unit improves significantly the dynamical performances of system such as settling time and overshoot against parametric uncertainties for a wide range of area load demands and disturbances in either of the areas even in the presence of system nonlinearities.

University challenge: calm in the campus

What happens when power quality disturbances take place? As of today, the responsibilities of the energy provider, or high-technology equipment manufacturer in preventing losses are not defined by a standard. Clearly in the new and dynamic deregulated electricity environment, this scenario signals myriad business opportunities for energy providers. One such opportunity exists at the University of Cordoba, Spain.