Depth Of Focus Research Articles

Source parameter and tectonic implications of small earthquakes originating in South India

A data collection of 80 local earthquakes (1.8 < ML < 3.5) recorded by several seismic stations beneath South India from February 2009 to October 2012 was studied to estimate the source parameter characteristics. The result shows that the seismic moments (M0) vary from 8.95×1011to 6.56×1013 Nm, while source radii (r) are between 120 and 150 m. The source radius seems to be independent of magnitude and smaller within a major part of the region. This can be due to local earthquakes that may originate in the region from either the brittle shear-failure mechanism on faults or the presence of weakened zones in this region. The estimated stress drops values range from 0.20 to 3 MPa for most of the events and shows an increasing trend with the seismic moment, indicating a wide range of strength of crustal rocks. Few lower crustal event exhibits slightly elevated stress drop (4–10 MPa) values, and these cannot be solely attributed to a single model; instead, it appears that the potential contributing factors vary area wise. The corner (fc) and high cut (fmax) frequency values are bit scattered with the seismic moment, and the possible explanation would be either a complex rupture process or the involvement of a long period spectrum in the component. Both fmax and fc show a decreasing trend against seismic moments, indicating that both are caused by a source process and independent of epicentral distances and focal depths. However, source displacement D(0.006 and 0.04 m) and radiated seismic energy (Es) increases linearly with the seismic moment and is an indication of the size dependency feature. We established various empirical relationships between source parameters, including MW - ML and log(M0) - ML and proposed the ML- MW relationship for the study region, which is MW∝ 0.62ML. Overall, the present study indicates that most source parameters tend to vary with the size of the earthquake and generally follow the global model of small magnitude earthquakes. The information, we gained through this study provides insight into earthquake size, source physics, and that can help the scientific community significantly, to better understand, mitigate, and respond to the seismic hazards posed by earthquakes in the studied area.

Visual outcomes following bilateral implantation of a non-diffractive extended depth of focus toric intraocular lens using a mini-monovision approach.

To evaluate the clinical outcomes following bilateral implantation of the AcrySof™ IQ Vivity™ toric extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL). Prospective interventional case series. Patients with bilateral significant cataracts and pre-existing corneal astigmatism underwent cataract surgery and implantation with the AcrySof™ IQ Vivity™ toric IOL. Dominant eyes were targeted at emmetropia and non-dominant eyes at -0.50D. Primary endpoints were binocular uncorrected distance (UDVA), intermediate (UIVA at 66cm) and near (UNVA at 40cm) acuities at 3months. Secondary outcomes were corrected distance (CDVA), distance corrected intermediate (DCIVA) and distance corrected near (DCNVA), refractive predictability, rotational stability, binocular defocus curve, contrast sensitivity, Questionnaire for Visual Disturbances (QUVID) and Visual Function Index (VF-14) questionnaire scores. All visual acuities were converted to logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) for analysis. 30 patients underwent uneventful phacoemulsification. The mean binocular UDVA, UIVA and UNVA were 0.06 ± 0.12, 0.11 ± 0.10 and 0.26 ± 0.10 respectively. The mean refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) for dominant and non-dominant eyes were - 0.07D ± 0.27 and - 0.12D ± 0.54 respectively. 92.4% of dominant eyes and 84.6% of non-dominant eyes within 0.50D of target. The mean IOL rotation was 3.85° ± 5.09 with 86.7% of eyes with less than 5° of rotation. 26.7%, 20% and 36.7% of patients reported starbursts, haloes and glare respectively. The mean VF-14 score was 91.77. Bilateral implantation of the AcrySof™ IQ Vivity™ Toric IOL resulted in very good unaided visual acuities for far and intermediate distance with functional near vision. Dysphotopsias were reported but despite this, a high level of visual function was achieved.

In vivo multi-contrast depth-resolved choroidal imaging of a mouse using polarization-diversity optical coherence tomography.

The results of depth-resolved multi-contrast in vivo mouse choroidal imaging using a polarization-diversity optical coherence tomography (PD-OCT) system are presented. A selectively chosen depth of focus that was fine-tuned with a sensorless adaptive optics technique and a simple segmentation based on the degree of polarization uniformity signal visualizes the detailed features of a mouse choroid from the OCT angiography images. A comprehensive image analysis of the choroid revealed the distinctive pathological characteristics of the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization mouse.

Performance of Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lens in Eyes with Preexisting Retinal Disease

Introduction: Extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL) offers improved near and intermediate vision, aiming to reduce spectacle dependence in cataract patients. This research aimed to evaluate the performance of EDOF IOL in patients with retinal pathologies following cataract surgery. Methods: The medical charts of thirty-three eyes with retinal pathologies and 100 healthy eyes that underwent cataract extraction with implantation of an EDOF IOL and had at least 3 weeks of postoperative follow-up were retrospectively included. Patients’ overall satisfaction, spectacle dependence, visual perception, and side effects were evaluated with a self-reported questionnaire. Results: Mean uncorrected visual acuities (LogMAR) were significantly better in the healthy eyes compared with the eyes with retinal pathologies: 0.05 and 0.10, p = 0.011 (distance), 0.06 and 0.16, p = 0.001 (intermediate), and 0.20 and 0.28, p = 0.026 (near), respectively. No or rare use of spectacles for any distance was reported by 71% and 38% of patients, respectively (p = 0.004). Haloes/glare were reported by 17% and 23%, respectively (p = 0.556); only in 7% and 4% it was clinically disturbing (p > 0.999). The same IOL would be chosen again in 77% and 73% of patients, respectively, (p = 0.550). Conclusion: Patients with retinal pathologies who were implanted with an EDOF IOL demonstrated excellent distant uncorrected visual results with reasonable intermediate and near uncorrected visual results alongside high satisfaction; however, results were inferior to those of the control healthy eyes.

High-resolution optical coherence tomography using a multi-level diffractive lens.

We present a high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system that utilizes a multi-level diffractive lens (MDL) to enhance lateral resolution. The system utilizes a polygon-based swept laser source with a center wavelength of 1,000 nm to achieve an axial resolution of 5.6 µm and an imaging depth of 1.4 mm using the bidirectional configuration of a semiconductor optical amplifier. The MDL significantly enhances the lateral resolution of the system, providing an extended depth of focus of 550 µm with an average lateral resolution of 8.5 µm. The effectiveness of this setup is validated through imaging of phantom and onion samples, demonstrating the system's capability for high-resolution deep tissue imaging. These findings underscore the potential of compact MDLs to significantly enhance the performance of OCT systems, offering a promising direction for advanced high-resolution imaging applications.

Laser biospeckle method for a fast and reliable microbioassay

Recently, the direct toxicity assessment (DTA) approach or bioassay has attracted much attention, as it can comprehensively evaluate water toxicity without examining a specific/individual chemical component. Bioassays are used to investigate how organisms respond to pollutants compared to controls. In this technique, a microscopic observation is required to know the critical features such as alive/dead, and swimming ability of microorganisms. As the size of the microorganism becomes smaller, observation becomes more difficult due to the narrower focal depth of the imaging system. In our study, to overcome the difficulties, we propose, to our knowledge, a novel technique for the microbioassay utilizing a biospeckle in the diffraction field generated from its movement. We employed Paramecia caudatum sized around 200–300 µm. The sample cell containing Paramecia was illuminated with a laser light with a diameter 15 mm and wavelength 635 nm. The specular component of the transmitted light was filtered out using a spatial filter placed at the Fourier plane and the biospeckle patterns in the diffraction field were acquired using a CCD camera as a movie. It is obvious that the dynamic properties of the biospeckle precisely reflects the movement of the scattering particles or Paramecia. Paramecia were exposed to HCl solutions with pH7.1, control, to 3.7 where all were dead. The swimming abilities of the Paramecia were successfully evaluated based on the crosscorrelation function of the frames of biospeckle patterns. The advantage of the method is that, owing to the non-imaging system, an enormous number of Paramecia can be processed as a whole, and a statistically significant estimation of the swimming ability of Paramecia under the influence of environmental pollution can be derived immediately.

Super-Resolution Image Reconstruction of Wavefront Coding Imaging System Based on Deep Learning Network

Wavefront Coding (WFC) is an innovative technique aimed at extending the depth of focus (DOF) of optics imaging systems. In digital imaging systems, super-resolution digital reconstruction close to the diffraction limit of optical systems has always been a hot research topic. With the design of a point spread function (PSF) generated by a suitably phase mask, WFC could also be used in super-resolution image reconstruction. In this paper, we use a deep learning network combined with WFC as a general framework for images reconstruction, and verify its possibility and effectiveness. Considering the blur and additive noise simultaneously, we proposed three super-resolution image reconstruction procedures utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNN) based on mean square error (MSE) loss, conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (CGAN), and Swin Transformer Networks (SwinIR) based on mean absolute error (MAE) loss. We verified their effectiveness by simulation experiments. A comparison of experimental results shows that the SwinIR deep residual network structure based on MAE loss optimization criteria can generate more realistic super-resolution images with more details. In addition, we used a WFC camera to obtain a resolution test target and real scene images for experiments. Using the resolution test target, we demonstrated that the spatial resolution could be improved from 55.6 lp/mm to 124 lp/mm by the proposed super-resolution reconstruction procedure. The reconstruction results show that the proposed deep learning network model is superior to the traditional method in reconstructing high-frequency details and effectively suppressing noise, with the resolution approaching the diffraction limit.

Characterizing electric fields in semiconductor devices: effect of second-harmonic light interference.

Characterizing electric fields in semiconductor devices using electric field-induced second-harmonic generation (EFISHG) has opened new opportunities for an advanced device design. However, this new technique still has challenges due to the interference between background second-harmonic generation (SHG) and EFISHG generated light. We demonstrate that interference effects can effectively be eliminated during EFISHG measurements by focusing the laser from the transparent substrate side of a GaN PN diode, enabling straightforward quantitative electric field analysis, in contrast to PN junction interface side measurements. A model based on wave generation and propagation is proposed and highlights the incoherence between background SHG and EFISHG light. This incoherence may be attributed to the depth of focus of the incident laser and phase mismatch between incident and SHG light.

Optical benchtop evaluation of special intraocular lens optics

Intraocular lenses (IOL) featuring complex optical designs can pose achallenge in understanding their performance, which may hinder making an informed decision when selecting suitable lenses for patients. This underlines the importance of collecting optical quality data of IOLs and making them available. The deployment of benchtop systems for IOL testing offers not only insights into the design features of various IOL solutions but also provides aplatform for objective comparisons of special optics designs, including information about their susceptibility to photic phenomena. Recent advances in IOL testing have improved the ability to predict functional effects on visual acuity and contrast sensitivity from objective optical quality metrics. This, for instance, can be used to study monofocal lenses and the impact of asphericity on vision and IOLs tolerance to misalignment. Monofocal-plus IOLs consistently show only aslight improvement in the depth of focus when tested on the optical bench and in clinical settings. Although the pupil dependence found in this technology may limit the advantages of monofocal-plus over standard monofocal technology to extend the range of vision, it is the key to reduce photic phenomena. Refractive and diffractive extended depth of focus (EDOF) IOLs can effectively enhance intermediate vision, with the latter offering aslightly broader depth of focus but potentially increasing the risk of dysphotopsia. However, the limitation of EDOF IOLs is that they often fail to deliver spectacle independence for reading, which can be overcome by trifocal technology. Still, the available trifocal IOLs differ in their location of intermediate and near foci and the susceptibility to produce glare effects. Therefore, the knowledge from optical benchtop testing of IOLs can support optimizing the IOL selection by aligning the patient's visual needs with the IOL's properties, setting the right expectations, and assessing the risk profile for the occurrence of photic phenomena, potentially leading to improved decision-making.

Generation of terahertz beam with longitudinally varied polarization state via coherent superposition based on metasurface.

Polarization is an important dimension in the research and applications of light waves. However, traditional polarization optics often only focus on the polarization characteristics in the transverse plane. Here, we demonstrate a new scheme for the generation of longitudinally varied polarization state in terahertz beam using all-silicon metasurface. We employ wavefront transformation designs with long-focal-depth for orthogonal circularly polarized terahertz waves, achieving varied amplitude and phase along the propagation direction in opposite spin states. Based on the principle of coherent superposition of polarized waves, different linear and elliptical polarization states are obtained in transverse planes along the propagation path, with variable ellipticity and azimuth angle. Simulation results show that a large-scale evolution of the elliptical polarization azimuth angle from 45° to -60° and ellipticity from 20° to -74° can be observed within a focal depth range of 0.45-0.8 mm. We also intuitively display the helical trajectory of the polarization state from left-hand elliptical ones to right-hand elliptical ones within the focal depth range, using the Poincaré sphere. This work expands the application of metasurface devices for multifunctional polarization devices and can be applied to polarization generation and transformation for optical imaging or terahertz communications.

A stochastic approach to delays optimization for narrowband transmit beam pattern in medical ultrasound

In ultrasound imaging, state-of-the-art methods for transmit beam pattern (TBP) optimization have well-known drawbacks like non-uniform beam width over depth, significant side lobes, and quick energy drop-out beyond the focal region. To overcome these limitations, we develop a TBP optimization approach by focusing on its narrowband approximation and considering transmit delays as free variables instead of linked to specific focal depths. We formulate a non-linear Least Squares problem to minimize the difference between the TBP corresponding to a set of delays and the desired one, modeled as a 2D rectangle elongated along the beam axis. Three metrics are defined to quantitatively evaluate the results. Results obtained by synthetic simulations show that the main lobe width is considerably more intense (+31.5%\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$+31.5\\%$$\\end{document} on average) and uniform (+28.7%\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$+28.7\\%$$\\end{document} on average) over the whole depth range compared to classical focalized Beam Patterns. The application of the method to elastography shows improvements in the ultrasound energy concentration along a desired axis.

Microcirculatory depth of focus measurement shows reduction of tissue edema by albumin resuscitation in burn patients

BackgroundSevere burns induce volume shifts via capillary leaks, eventually requiring massive fluid resuscitation and promoting tissue edema. Albumin may help to mitigate the edema, thereby improving perfusion. This study shows that sublingual microcirculation measurements can quantify both tissue perfusion and edema. MethodsThis prospective observational study was conducted between November 2018 and December 2019 in the intensive care unit of Maasstad Hospital Burn Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Patients with severe burns affecting >15% of the total body surface area were included. Fluid management was conducted in accordance with the Parkland formula. Albumin (20%) was administered at a rate of 0.5 mL/(kg·h), starting 12 h after the burn incident. Alterations in the sublingual microcirculation, including capillary perfusion and density, were measured at admission (T0) and at 4 h (T4) and 12 h (T12) after admission. Sublingual depth of focus (DOF) of the microcirculation was used to quantify the tissue edema. ResultsNine patients were recruited with a mean total body surface area of 36% ± 23%. By T12, a median of 4085 mL (interquartile range [IQR]: 3714–6756 mL) of crystalloids and 446 mL (IQR: 176–700 mL) of 20% albumin were administered. The DOF increased significantly after crystalloid administration (T4 vs. T0, mean difference [MD]=27.4 µm, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.4 to 50.9, P=0.040). Following albumin administration, DOF significantly decreased (T12 vs. T4, MD=-76.4 µm, 95% CI: -116.6 to -36.1, P=0.002). Total vessel density decreased significantly with crystalloid administration (T4 vs. T0, MD=-3.5 mm/mm2, 95% CI: -5.7 to -1.4, P=0.004) but increased after albumin administration (T12 vs. T4, MD=6.2 mm/mm2, 95% CI: 3.2 to 9.3, P=0.001). ConclusionSublingual microcirculation measurement of DOF and other parameters provide a valuable tool for the assessment of tissue perfusion and edema in patients with severe burns. Further investigation is required to evaluate the role of albumin in increasing microcirculatory convection and reducing tissue edema.

Optical Bench Evaluation of the Latest Refractive Enhanced Depth of Focus Intraocular Lens.

Any new intraocular lens (IOL) on the market claims to outperform competitors. We aimed to estimate the modulation transfer function (MTF) for different defocus of a novel refractive enhanced depth of focus (EDoF) IOL and the simulated visual acuity over this range of vision. Further, we analyzed the wavefront pattern produced by this IOL to reveal the function of the IOL's optics. For the novel TECNIS® PureSee® (ZEN00V) IOL, through frequency and through focus MTF were recorded on the optical bench (ISO-2 Cornea 0.28 µm, 546 nm). MTFa and the simulated visual acuity were calculated for different defocus. Apertures of 3 mm and 4.5 mm were applied. Higher order aberrations of the IOLs' optics were recorded and analyzed. PureSee® IOL demonstrated a considerable depth of focus of about 1.7 D at the spectacle plane and a continuous simulated visual acuity over this range of defocus. For the 4.5 mm aperture, near focus depth was reduced, yet far distance MTF was even better. Higher order aberrations revealed increased primary and secondary spherical aberrations. Optical bench results suggest that the new ZEN00V matches the clinical criteria of an EDoF IOL by an increased range of vision and is far distance dominant for an enlarged pupil. This behaviour seems to be due to subtle power changes in the central optics that produce a complex modification of wavefront.

Quantitative Viscoelastic Response (QVisR): Direct Estimation of Viscoelasticity With Neural Networks.

We present a machine learning method to directly estimate viscoelastic moduli from displacement time-series profiles generated by viscoelastic response (VisR) ultrasound excitations. VisR uses two colocalized acoustic radiation force (ARF) pushes to approximate tissue viscoelastic creep response and tracks displacements on-axis to measure the material relaxation. A fully connected neural network is trained to learn a nonlinear mapping from VisR displacements, the push focal depth, and the measurement axial depth to the material elastic and viscous moduli. In this work, we assess the validity of quantitative VisR (QVisR) in simulated materials, propose a method of domain adaption to phantom VisR displacements, and show in vivo estimates from a clinically acquired dataset.

BCLA CLEAR presbyopia: Management with scleral techniques, lens softening, pharmaceutical and nutritional therapies

The aging eye undergoes the same progressive crosslinking which occurs throughout the body, resulting in increased rigidity of ocular connective tissues including the lens and the sclera which impact ocular functions. This offers the potential for a scleral treatment that is based on restoring normal biomechanical movements. Laser Scleral Microporation is a laser therapy that evaporates fractional areas of crosslinked tissues in the sclera, reducing ocular rigidity over critical anatomical zones of the accommodation apparatus, restoring the natural dynamic range of focus of the eye.Although controversial and challenged, an alternative theory for presbyopia is Schachar’s theory that suggests a reduction in the space between the ciliary processes and the crystalline lens. Widening of this space with expansion bands has been shown to aid near vision in people with presbyopia, a technique that has been used in the past but seems to be obsolete now.The use of drugs has been used in the treatment of presbyopia, either to cause pupil miosis to increase depth of focus, or an alteration in refractive error (to induce myopia in one eye to create monovision). Drugs and laser ablation of the crystalline lens have been used with the aim of softening the hardened lens. Poor nutrition and excess exposure to ultraviolet light have been implicated in the onset of presbyopia. Dietary nutritional supplements, lifestyle changes have also been shown to improve accommodation and the question arises whether these could be harnessed in a treatment for presbyopia as well.

The design method and test of a Dual-Focused ultrasound transducer toward small and adjustable F-numbers

An ultrasound transducer with a F-number less than 1.0 has been used in many fields such as non-destructive testing, medical treatment, particle manipulation, and so on. Traditional focusing technologies such as self-focusing structure and lens sets suffer from undesired surface cavitation due to large cavity depth, difficulties in fabrication, and most of designs have a fixed focal depth. This paper presents a small F-number ultrasound transducer design using a combination of acoustic lens and phased array, its fabrication process is not complicated, and focal depth is adjustable when applying different time delays. The design methods, including analytical expression, empirical equation and numerical results, are elaborated in this paper, followed by fabrication and tests. Simulations and experimental results prove that this dual-focused transducer can reach a changeable F-number as small as 0.72. The cavity depth of the transducer is relatively small (1.1 λ) compared to existing focusing transducers (4 ∼ 10 λ), which is not prone to unexpected surface cavitation. Moreover, the array in transducer has no grating lobes with an expanded pitch of 1.43 λ, which not only increase the fill factor and effective area but also further reduces the fabrication difficulty, especially in high frequency applications.

Ultrathin ring-shaped metasurface for a multiview 3D display

The development of glasses-free 3D multiview displays has opened up new avenues for experiencing 3D displays. Multiview technologies have the advantages of visual discomfort alleviation, smooth motion parallax, full-color display, and broad depth of focus. However, their intended uses are impeded due to the versatility of designing ultrathin display systems freely by using metasurface technology. This paper presents a technique for creating an ultrathin ring-shaped metasurface for a multiview display system with a thickness of 2 µm. The proposed multiview 3D display system generates eight views. Numerical simulations are used to confirm the efficacy of the suggested strategy, and the results demonstrate the attainment of a high-quality multiview 3D display. The proposed work demonstrates the potential applications of the metasurface in multiview display systems for electromagnetic wave manipulation in future 3D TVs, imaging, integrated optics, and next-generation compact displays.

Steering abrupt autofocusing beams with metasurfaces [Invited

Abrupt autofocusing (AAF) beams, known for their non-diffractive properties, extended focal depth, and self-healing capabilities, are advantageous over conventional Gaussian beams in the biomedical field. Compared to the previous method that can only generate a passive AAF beam, we introduce metasurfaces to achieve a dynamically steered AAF beam at the incident wavelength of 532 nm. By rotating the two metasurfaces in opposite directions of an angle θ, both the generated position of the AAF beam and the autofocusing direction can be altered. Our theoretical analysis and full-wave simulation results confirmed that the deflection angle of the AAF beam can be finely adjusted from to 11° without significantly affecting the focal length or focusing efficiency. This capability allows for precision operation in biomedical applications, including enhanced laser surgery, optical tweezing, and optimized photodynamic therapy.

Rotation of a Tricomi–Gaussian beam and its focusing characteristics through a thin lens system

The rotation behaviors of an asymmetric Tricomi–Gaussian beam (aTGB) propagating in free space and through a thin lens system are mainly investigated. The focusing characteristics of TGB with symmetric and asymmetric modes propagating through a thin lens system are also presented. Influences of complex constants α and β, the topological charge n, and the lens focal length f on the field distributions of TGB are studied thoroughly. The results indicate that when a symmetric TGB propagates through a thin lens system, a perfect vortex beam could be generated at the lens focal plane. TGB undergoes two focusing processes through the thin lens system, and the peak intensities at two focal planes, the rotation, and the focal characteristics of TGB can be manipulated by α,β,n, and f. Moreover, f has more significant effects on the focal depths of two foci and the self-focusing focal length than α,β, and n.

Mix-­and­-match Implantation of Multifocal and Extended Depth of Focus IOLs

Purpose: Analysis of results of combined implantation of non­diffractive IOL with extended depth of focus and multifocal IOL.Materials and methods. The study included 40 patients (80 eyes) after cataract phacoemulsification or clear lens removal with a mean follow­up of 15.4 ± 1.2 (12–22) months. Women accounted for 60 % (n = 24) and men for 40 % (n = 16). 20 patients (40 eyes) with bilateral AcrySof IQ Vivity implantation formed the minimonovision group (group I), and 20 patients (40 eyes) with AcrySof IQ Vivity implantation in the dominant eye (n = 20) and Acrysof IQ Panoptix implantation in the non­dominant eye (n = 20) formed the group of mix­-and­-match implantation (group II).Results. At the maximum follow­up period of 3 months, UCNVA in group I was 0.61 ± 0.14, in group II — 0.82 ± 0.09 (p = 0.048), BCNVA — 0.66 ± 0.17 and 0.92 ± 0.14, respectively (p = 0.039). No significant differences were found between groups comparing UCIVA, BCIVA, UCDVA and BCDVA (p &gt; 0.1), but slightly higher values were determined in patients after bilateral implantation of Acrysof IQ Vivity IOLs. In group I, 2 patients (10 %) had glare and 2 (10 %) had halo. Patients did not complain about difficulties in driving in the darkness. In 9 cases out of 20 (45 %) patients required spectacle correction for reading. In group II, adverse optical phenomena were identified in 7 patients (35 %), of which 4 patients (20 %) had glare and 3 (15 %) had halo. None of the patients required spectacle correction for reading. In both groups, 95 % of cases (19 patients) rated the surgical outcome as “excellent” and 5 % (1 patient) as “good”. Conclusion. For the first time in Russia, the results of combined (mix­-and­match) implantation of EDOF and trifocal IOLs in comparison with bilateral IOL implantation in presbyopic patients were analyzed. The advantage of combined implantation for achieving better near visual acuity and comparable incidence of adverse optical phenomena was shown.