Minimum Depth Research Articles

Pharyngeal airway dimensions in Iranian female young adults with different skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography

To assess the oropharyngeal airway in Iranian female young adults with different skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).This descriptive, cross-sectional study evaluated 105 CBCT scans of female patients between 18 and 35 years retrieved from the archives of a radiology clinic. The images were evaluated in axial, sagittal, and frontal sections. In the axial plane, the maximum and minimum cross-sectional area (CSA) of the airways at the oropharynx, minimum width (anteroposteriorly), and minimum depth (laterally) were measured using Mimics Medical software. The oropharyngeal volume was measured by NemoFAB software. The values were compared among the groups with different sagittal, vertical, and transverse patterns. The correlation of indices with airway measurements was analyzed using Monte Carlo Chi-square and Pearson's correlation coefficient.No significant difference was noted in oropharyngeal airway dimensions and volume among cases with different skeletal sagittal, vertical, and transverse patterns (P > 0.05) except for class III patients with normal transverse pattern in whom maximum CSA in low-angle group was larger than that in normal-angle group (P < 0.05) and class I normal-angle patients in whom maximum CSA in transverse normal group was smaller than that in constriction group (P < 0.05).Oropharyngeal dimensions were not significantly different in Iranian female young adults with different skeletal patterns.

Minimizing Buoyancy Factor of Metallic Pressure-Hull Subjected to Hydrostatic Pressure

To increase the payload, reduce energy consumption, improve work efficiency and therefore must accordingly reduce the total hull weight of the submersible. This paper introduces a design optimization process for the pressure-hull of submarines under uniform external hydrostatic pressure using both finite element analysis (FEA) and optimization tools. A comprehensive study about the optimum design of the pressure hull, to minimize the weight and increase the volume, to reach minimum buoyancy factor and maximum operating depth minimizing the buoyancy factor (B.F) is taken as an objective function with constraints of plate and frame yielding, general instability and deflection. The optimization process contains many design variables such as pressure-hull plate thickness, unsupported spacing, dimensions of long and ring beams and finally the elliptical submersible pressure-hull diameters. The optimization process was conducted using ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) and ISIGHT. The Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (G.A) is considered to conduct the optimization process. Additionally, parametric analysis is done on the pressure hull to examine the effect of different design variables on the pressure-hull design. As a result, the B.F of the proposed optimal model is reduced by an average of 31.78% compared with Reference Model (RM). Maximum von Mises stress is reduced by 27% as well. These results can be helpful for submarine pressure-hull designers.

Bit Depth of Drivers for Micro-LED Displays Adopting Low-Temperature Polysilicon Oxide Thin-Film Transistors

In this paper, the minimum bit depth of drivers for active-matrix light emitting diode (AMLED) displays has been specified to overcome luminance nonuniformity of LEDs for the first time. The pixel circuit comprises seven transistors and one capacitor (7T1C) based on low-temperature polysilicon oxide (LTPO) process. For the experiments, thirty green and blue LEDs were used. When the same data voltage was applied, there was luminance nonuniformity of up to 19 % and 41 % for green and blue LEDs compared to the reference LEDs. Data voltages were measured to get the same luminance as the target one. It was found that the maximum voltage intervals of 0.9 mV and 1.1 mV were necessary to overcome the luminance nonuniformity for green and blue LEDs, respectively. 1.62 V and 2.80 V were the data voltage ranges of green and blue LEDs, respectively. The bit depth of 11-bit (2,048) is the minimum one because 1.62 V / 0.9 mV for green LEDs is smaller than 2,047. In this way, at least 12-bit is necessary for the bit depth of drivers for blue LEDs.

Minimum Joint Depth for Moment Frames with High- Strength Materials

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Holistic Enlightening of Blackspots With Passive Tailorable Reflecting Surfaces for Efficient Urban mmWave Networks

Mitigating outage regions is of particular interest for emerging millimeter-wave (mmWave) and future sub-terahertz frequency cellular networks. Whereas smart radio environments based on metasurfaces constitute a key concept for 6G research, current networks cannot be served as new control procedures are required. Although small prototypes are already emerging, costs will be higher for the dense deployment of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) than for passive reflectors. It is argued that passive reflectors can be used to effectively, cost-efficiently, and permanently boost connectivity in well-defined service areas. Leveraging the advantages of 3D printing and spray-painted conductive varnish, we introduce the Holistic Enlightening of bLackspots with passIve reflectOr moduleS (HELIOS) approach which is characterized by its scalability and parametrizability to meet the reflection requirements derived from sophisticated network planning. These slim reflectors meet the core criteria of ease of installation and minimal visual impact on the cityscape, which are imperative for market success. Our measurements-based comparison of prototypes against typical metal/aluminum reflectors shows at least equal reflectivity at a higher practicality of the proposed manufacturing process. The conducted simulation study validates the modular reflector pattern design process and finds a trade-off between the reflector efficiency and the minimum protrusion depth, which relates to the number of modules in the designated mounting area. An urban ray-tracing simulation-based case study further underlines the high applicability of the proposed approach, with the growth of the beyond line-of-sight (LOS) connectivity region being nearly twice as large for a site-tailored HELIOS configuration as for a simple reflector plate.

Recognition and Location of Pepper Picking Based on Improved YOLOv5s and Depth Camera

HighlightsAn improved YOLOv5s deep learning model was used to identify peppers in complex background.The deep-level features on 3D (O-XYZ) coordinate of peppers were extracted using RealSense depth camera.An image database set of pepper in different scenes was established.A pepper recognition and location system were constructed based on improved YOLOv5s network.The proposed method achieved a mean average precision of 95.6% and minimum depth error of 0.001 m.Abstract. In order to investigate the impact of different scenes on the recognition performance and obtain the location information of picking targets, the recognition and location system based on improved YOLOv5s network and RealSense depth camera was constructed in this study. An image database in different scenes was established including light intensity, occlusion and overlap degree of pepper. An improved YOLOv5s deep learning model with bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN) was used for the deep feature extraction and high-precision detection of pepper, and the effects of different scenes on recognition accuracy of the model were studied. The results showed that mean average precision (mAP) of YOLOv5s model reached 0.956, which was respectively 6.1%, 9.3%, 44.4%, and 8.2% higher than that of YOLOv4, YOLOv3, YOLOv2, and Faster R-CNN model. The model had good robustness under daytime and evening scenes with the mAP value higher than 0.9. The detection accuracy of the model in the leaf occlusion scenes was better than that of fruit overlap. The detection error was 0.001m which could not affect the picking positioning precision when the Z value of three-dimensional coordinates (O-XYZ) of pepper was 0.2 m. The improved algorithm can accurately recognize and extract three-dimensional coordinates of pepper, which reduces the calculations by eliminating lots of duplicate and redundant prediction boxes and provides a reference for trajectory planning of pepper picking operation. Keywords: Different scenes, Pepper recognition and location, Picking operation, YOLOv5s.

Fracture strength and ribbond fibers: In vitro analysis of mod restorations.

Ribbond fibers are supposed to be a reinforcing material in restoration of compromised teeth. This study aims to compare MOD restorations with and without Ribbond Fiber in terms of fracture strength under axial loading; to identify the minimum depth of MOD cavities to use Ribbond Fiber (to improve the fracture strength under axial load. 20 upper and lower molars extracted intact were used for the experiment. The teeth were prepared with 2 types of cavities and then divided into 4 groups: 1) 5 mm deep MOD cavities with residual interaxial dentin restored without Ribbond; 2) 5 mm deep MOD cavities with residual interaxial dentin restored with Ribbond; 3) 5 mm deep MOD cavities without residual interaxial dentin, restored without Ribbond; 4) 5 mm deep MOD cavities without residual interaxial dentin restored with Ribbond. The restored teeth were then subjected to thermal cycling and their fracture strength was evaluated using an Instron device. The Mann-Whitney statistical test was used to compare fracture strength among groups. Finally, a descriptive analysis of the verified fractures was performed. There was a statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 2 (P = 0.0090) in the loading force required for a fracture. In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference between groups 3 and 4 (P = 0.7540). Groups 1 and 2 had the fewest non-restorable fractures, in contrast to groups 3 and 4. Ribbond fiber application in MOD cavities seems to be more effective in terms of strengthening where cavities have interaxial dentinal tissue. Key words:Ribbond fibers, fracture strenght, direct dental restorations.

DAM BREACH ANALYSIS AND PARAMETER SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ALONG A RIVER REACH USING HECRAS

A dam break is a low-probability, high risk catastrophe event that is extremely destructive and has a substantial negative socio-economic impact on downstream and nearby areas. Simulating dam breach and analyzing flood propagation downstream from those events is vital for identifying and minimizing the risks associated downstream of dam location. This study is intended to anlayse the effect of overtopping failure of dam for two scenario (a) base-case scenario (scenario with average value of dam breach parameters from their range) and (b) worst case scenario (the breach with largest geometry, shortest formation time and highest peak outflow magnitude). Further, a hydrodyanmic modelling is perfomed to investigate the sensitivity analysis (local and global) of five dam breach parameters (dam breach elevation, dam breach width, breach formation time, weir coefficient, trigger failure elevation) on breach outflow in a proposed hydropower project located in Nepal. Aeronautical Reconnaissance Coverage Geographic Information System (ArcGIS), Hydraulic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) and OriginPro 2022b are utilized to analyse the effect of dam breach and parameter sensitivity.&#x0D; Generation of outflow hydrograph shows that worst case scenario has devasting effect downstream with innudation of 1047 of househols and 50.83 kilometers of roads. The breach velocty was recorded as 15.16 m/s and 20.85 m/s for base and worst case respectively. The minimum depth and maximum depth of flooding downstream from dam location was found to be 24.51 m and 73.6 m for base case and 47.43 m and 106.75 m for worst case. Due to backwater effect at Bheri river, peak flow at 14 km downstream from dam reduces significantly to 124852.57 m3/s and 244204.41 m3/s for base and worst case respectively. From local sensitivty analysis it has been found that, dam breach elevation is more sensitive and triggering failure elevation is less sensitive for peak outflow hydrograph. Whereas, dam breach width seems more sensitive and TFE seems least sensitive for peak outflow using Monte Carlo Simulation for gloal sensitivity.

EUMETSAT H-SAF H13 uzay tabanlı kar suyu eşdeğeri ürününün 2020-2021 kar yılı için yersel kar derinliği ölçümleriyle Türkiye üzerinde doğrulanması

Timely and consistent information on the seasonal snow cover is critical for various scientific studies and operational applications, especially for hydrological purposes. Snow water equivalent (SWE) is a significant seasonal snow parameter, which serves as a key input for many hydrological and climatological models. H13 is a SWE product supplied within the frame of EUMETSAT’s H-SAF project based on the processing of passive microwave radiometer data. The basic aim of this study is to perform a validation of H13 over Turkey for the 2020-2021 snow season by using in-situ snow depth measurements. The validation covers the period between January and March 2021, and it includes 1282 ground-based observations. According to the results, annual RMSE of the H13 SWE product is obtained as 40.00 mm, which lies within the acceptable limits of the required product compliance. The minimum and maximum snow depth measurements within the validation period are 2.80 cm and 95.34 cm, respectively. The results obtained in this validation study clearly indicate the usability of the H13 SWE product in hydrological and climatic studies.

Tracing the Effect of Replacing [Gly]- with [Ala]- and Hydroxylation of [emim]+ on the Fine-Tuning of the Transport Properties of the Corresponding Amino Acid-Based Ionic Liquids Using MD Simulation.

Natural amino acid-based ionic liquids (AAILs) composed of deprotonated amino acids, [AA]-, as anions and hydroxylated imidazolium cations provide an eco-friendly nontoxic IL family with the growing number of chemical and biochemical revolutionary applications. In this paper, the transport properties of four AAILs composed of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium ([HOemim]+) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([emim]+) cations with alaninate and glycinate anions were studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A nonpolarizable all-atom force field with the scaled charge (±0.8e) on each of the ions was applied and compared with the unit charge model in some cases. The tunable effects of the presence of the hydroxyl group in the side chain of the imidazolium cation, the type of amino acid anion, and the varied temperature on the dynamical behavior of AAILs were investigated in detail. The experimentally compatible trends of the simulated ionic self-diffusion coefficients, ionic conductivity, and ionicity were found to be inverse to the viscosity and ionic association of these ILs as [emim][Gly] > [emim][Ala] > [HOemim][Gly] > [HOemim][Ala]. The main reason behind these trends is the higher ability of the hydroxylated cation for the hydrogen-bond formation with [AA]-. The mean square displacement (MSD), self-diffusion, and transference number of imidazolium cations are larger than those of [AA]- anions, except in the case of [HOemim][Gly]. It was found that the activation energy for diffusion of [AA]- is lower than that of [HOemim]+ but higher than that of [emim]+ in [HOemim][AA] and [emim][AA] ILs, respectively. The computed velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) showed that [Gly]-, as the lightest ion, has the shortest mean collision time and velocity randomization time among the ions, especially in the [HOemim][Gly] IL. Replacing [emim]+ with [HOemim]+, similar to the effect of decreasing temperature, causes significant decreasing of the ionic self-diffusion and increasing of the well depth of the first minimum of the ionic VACFs. Current findings show that introducing suitable functional groups in the side chain of imidazolium cations can be a viable approach for efficient engineering design and fine-tuning of the transport properties of these AAILs.

Field evaluation of automated site-specific irrigation for cotton and perennial ryegrass using soil-water sensors and Model Predictive Control

Variable-rate irrigation technology can reduce water use in centre pivot and lateral move irrigation systems through application of irrigation according to spatially varied soil-water profiles. However, filling the profile may not maximise yield because of variations in crop response and water requirements with crop stage. For example, cotton crops produce optimal yield under slight water stress during early stages. An irrigation strategy ‘Model Predictive Control’ has been implemented that accounts for changes in crop water requirements at different growth stages using biophysical crop models. This strategy involves automatically and iteratively executing the biophysical crop model APSIM parameterised with local soil and weather information, with different irrigation depths, to identify which combination maximises yield with the minimum depth of water application. This strategy has potential to address spatial and temporal variations in crop water requirements but has not previously been evaluated for variable-rate irrigation in the field. This paper reports field trials conducted over four cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seasons and two perennial ryegrass (Lolium. perenne L.) seasons to evaluate the accuracy of the yield prediction of the biophysical model and compare field performance of irrigation strategies: uniform irrigation and variable-rate irrigation using a fixed underlying map, soil-water sensors and Model Predictive Control. Yield was most accurately predicted using on-site weather data and field soil core information, with R² = 0.733 and RMSE = 153.9 kg/ha for cotton, and R² = 0.336 and RMSE = 295.3 kg/ha for ryegrass. For cotton, Model Predictive Control led to 4.9% more yield with 5.6% reduction in water application, mainly through reduced water after peak bloom and/or open boll physiological stages. For grazed ryegrass, the Model Predictive Control strategy led to 8.5% more yield with 5.4% reduction in water application, potentially caused by reduced applications after grazing events. Further work includes evaluating the Model Predictive Control strategy with control of irrigation event timing under a broader range of field conditions to identify parameters to provide greatest economic return, and to refine biophysical models for improved performance of optimisation in the strategy.

Vehicle Distance Estimation from a Monocular Camera for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

The purpose of this study is to propose a framework for accurate and efficient vehicle distance estimation from a monocular camera. The proposed framework consists of a transformer-based object detector, a transformer-based depth estimator, and a distance predictor. The object detector detects various objects that are mostly symmetrical from an image captured by the monocular camera and provides the type of each object and the coordinate information of a bounding box around each object. The depth estimator generates a depth map for the image. Then, the bounding boxes are overlapped with the depth map to extract the depth features of each object, such as the mean depth, minimum depth, and maximum depth of each object. The present study then trained three models—eXtreme Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, and Long Short-Term Memory—to predict the actual distance between the object and the camera based on the type of the object, the bounding box of the object (including its coordinates and size), and the extracted depth features. The present study proposes including the trimmed mean depth of an object to predict the actual distance by excluding the background pixels around an object but within the bounding box of the object. The evaluation results show that the proposed framework outperformed existing studies.

SPLINE MODEL OF GRIDDED DATA OPERATION AS A PRINCIPLE OF ELECTRONIC MAPPING SEABED TOPOGRAPHY

The influence of technologies of automated processing of hydrographic survey results on the potential of the human factor in the transformation of polygraphic cartographic products into digital ones is analyzed. When configuring the digital bathymetric model, the concept of the navigation surface is used as a perspective principle of automated mapping. The approach to the problem of generating bathymetric contours from measurement results in the navigation surface paradigm is construed on continuous spline interpolation of geospatial data for reasonable cartographic generalization when creating electronic cartographic products. From the theoretical positions of the spline approach, the subjectivity of the method of artificial displacement of generalized isobaths to deep-water areas is excluded when creating a safe digital model of the bottom relief, interpreted in a mathematical sense as a navigational isosurface. The principle of electronic mapping based on the use of a spline in tension as an effective approach for the process of generalizing isobaths in order to obtain a wide range of morphometric characteristics of underwater topography has been developed. The generalized line of the active depth contour is estimated in the form of algorithmic reproduction on electronic charts of the safe convexity of the isobate towards the deep-sea area due to the practical implementation of the B-spline “snake model” by analogy with the serpentine configuration of the bathymetric isoline in the form of a piecewise polynomial function. When using the spline approach, an innovative principle of electronic mapping of the underwater landscape based on operating with a set of gridded data is implemented. The latter are interpreted as the results of depth measurements with the formalization of a two-dimensional frame of fixed values of bathymetric measurements for their representation as a navigational isosurface in three-dimensional Euclidean space. The actual synthesis of the seabed topography is implemented on the basis of a proven hybrid spline model for a specific indicative test case based on the processing of experimental gridded data. Hypothetically, the possibility of intellectual assistance to the watch officer in the strategy of instant orientation in conditions of a minimum depth reserve under the keel is organized when using computer three-dimensional visualization of the topography of the underwater relief in an unaffiliated graphic environment with foreign software.

Countermeasure of Riverbanks Local Scour and Deposition Using Different Shapes of Multiple Groynes with Different Spacing

In current study a computation fluid dynamic (CFD) technique was used to investigate the effect of groynes shape and spacing on the scour pattern and the maximum scour depth in open channel flow. CFD model have been validated throughout comparing the numerical results with three previous experimental studies for a single groyne located in open channel with three different shapes (L, quadrant, and parabola shapes). The comparison revealed very good agreement between numerical results of the maximum scour depth with the results of all experimental models. Moreover, investigations of the effect of multi-groynes (three groynes and four groynes) arranged in parallel with constant spacing and also with variable spacing have been done, the results showed that the best spacing between groynes equal to the length of the groyne itself, Finally, the CFD model have been used to investigate the best pattern for the groynes having different shapes arranged respectively, the results show that the pattern starting with parabola shape gives minimum scouring depth.

Failure Characteristics of Coal Seam Floor and Risk Assessment of Water Inrush Caused by Underground Coal Mining

Failure characteristics of the coal seam floor above-confined aquifer are key to evaluating the water inrush risk from the floor in the deep mining. At present, based on the analysis of water inrush impact indicators, mathematical evaluation methods are often used to evaluate the water inrush risk of a mining floor. This study proposes a theoretical risk assessment method for water inrush from the floor considering the failure characteristics of the coal seam floor above-confined aquifer. The 11301# coalface in the Wanglou colliery, Shandong Province, is considered as a case study. The mechanical model of the mining floor stress along the coalface inclination direction was established, and the analytical solutions of the vertical, horizontal, and shear stress and floor failure depth were derived. The floor failure mode along the coalface inclination direction is similar to the letter “lying flat-B” and the maximum and minimum failure depth is around 13 and 6 m. Furthermore, the dynamic failure characteristics of the floor during coal mining were simulated. Subsequently, the thickness of the floor key aquiclude was determined and the water inrush coefficient exhibits a certain trend from increasing to becoming stable in the mining process, that is, from 0.05 to 0.08 MPa/m. The analytical solution of the critical water pressure for floor aquiclude failure was derived based on the limit equilibrium theory. That is, the ultimate water pressure 3.9 MPa is greater than the actual water pressure 2 MPa, and there is no floor water inrush risk. Taking these into account, the water inrush risk of the mining floor above-confined aquifer was comprehensively analyzed and evaluated. The findings were deemed to be consistent with the actual mining case.

A pipeline for assembling low copy nuclear markers from plant genome skimming data for phylogenetic use.

Genome skimming is a popular method in plant phylogenomics that do not include a biased enrichment step, relying on random shallow sequencing of total genomic DNA. From these data the plastome is usually readily assembled and constitutes the bulk of phylogenetic information generated in these studies. Despite a few attempts to use genome skims to recover low copy nuclear loci for direct phylogenetic use, such endeavor remains neglected. Causes might include the trade-off between libraries with few reads and species with large genomes (i.e., missing data caused by low coverage), but also might relate to the lack of pipelines for data assembling. A pipeline and its companion R package designed to automate the recovery of low copy nuclear markers from genome skimming libraries are presented. Additionally, a series of analyses aiming to evaluate the impact of key assembling parameters, reference selection and missing data are presented. A substantial amount of putative low copy nuclear loci was assembled and proved useful to base phylogenetic inference across the libraries tested (4 to 11 times more data than previously assembled plastomes from the same libraries). Critical aspects of assembling low copy nuclear markers from genome skims include the minimum coverage and depth of a sequence to be used. More stringent values of these parameters reduces the amount of assembled data and increases the relative amount of missing data, which can compromise phylogenetic inference, in turn relaxing the same parameters might increase sequence error. These issues are discussed in the text, and parameter tuning through multiple comparisons tracking their effects on support and congruence is highly recommended when using this pipeline. The skimmingLoci pipeline (https://github.com/mreginato/skimmingLoci) might stimulate the use of genome skims to recover nuclear loci for direct phylogenetic use, increasing the power of genome skimming data to resolve phylogenetic relationships, while reducing the amount of sequenced DNA that is commonly wasted.

Is It in the Stars? Exploring the Relationships between Species' Traits and Sea Star Wasting Disease.

AbstractAn explanation for variation in impacts of sea star wasting disease across asteroid species remains elusive. Although various traits have been suggested to play a potential role in sea star wasting susceptibility, currently we lack a thorough comparison that explores how life-history and natural history traits shape responses to mass mortality across diverse asteroid taxa. To explore how asteroid traits may relate to sea star wasting, using available data and recognizing the potential for biological correlations to be driven by phylogeny, we generated a supertree, tested traits for phylogenetic association, and evaluated associations between traits and sea star wasting impact. Our analyses show no evidence for a phylogenetic association with sea star wasting impact, but there does appear to be phylogenetic association for a subset of asteroid life-history traits, including diet, substrate, and reproductive season. We found no relationship between sea star wasting and developmental mode, diet, pelagic larval duration, or substrate but did find a relationship with minimum depth, reproductive season, and rugosity (or surface complexity). Species with the greatest sea star wasting impacts tend to have shallower minimum depth distributions, they tend to have their median reproductive period 1.5 months earlier, and they tend to have higher rugosities relative to species less affected by sea star wasting. Fully understanding sea star wasting remains challenging, in part because dramatic gaps still exist in our understanding of the basic biology and phylogeny of asteroids. Future studies would benefit from a more robust phylogenetic understanding of sea stars, as well as leveraging intra- and interspecific comparative transcriptomics and genomics to elucidate the molecular pathways responding to sea star wasting.

Influence of basin water depth in the distillate yield of traditional and developed passive single basin double slope solar still

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the effect of basin water depth towards the cumulative distillate yield of the traditional and developed single basin double slope solar still (DSSS).Design/methodology/approachModified single basin DSSS integrated with solar operated vacuum fan and external water cooled condenser was fabricated using aluminium material. During sunny season, experimental investigations have been performed in both conventional and modified DSSS at a basin water depth of 3, 6, 9 and 12 cm. Production rate and cumulative distillate yield obtained in traditional and developed DSSS at different water depths were compared and best water depth to attain the maximum productivity and cumulative distillate yield was found out.FindingsResults indicated that both traditional and modified double SS produced maximum yield at the minimum water depth of 3 cm. Cumulative distillate yield of the developed SS was 16.39%, 18.86%, 15.22% and 17.07% higher than traditional at water depths of 3, 6, 9 and 12 cm, respectively. Cumulative distillate yield of the developed SS at 3 cm water depth was 73.17% higher than that of the traditional SS at 12 cm depth.Originality/valuePerformance evaluation of DSSS at various water depths by integrating the combined solar operated Vacuum fan and external Condenser.

Dosimetric characteristics investigation of ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer film for radiation applications

The dosimetric properties of synthetic ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer film are investigated. The proposed dosimeter was prepared by radio frequency and direct current RF/DC sputtering and irradiated with X-ray doses up to 4 Gy. The properties of thermoluminescence (TL) such as glow curve, dose-response, homogeneity batches, sensitivity, minimum detectable dose (MMD), precision, kinetic parameters (activation energy E, frequency factor S), and percentage depth dose (PDD) were studied. The thin film appeared to have an excellent linear response, and the sensitivity was almost twice the commercial TLD. The readout of the homogeneity and PDD are the same properties of TLD-100. These desirable qualities demonstrated the versatility of this novel synthetic thin film in applications involving radiation detection.

СТВОРЕННЯ ЦИФРОВОЇ МОДЕЛІ РЕЛЬЄФА ДНА

Scientific research considers the efficiency of digital technologies for processing hydrographic information. The form of presentation of data in a digital model and the type of technical data carrying, on which data are registered, focused on the goal of compact saving of the results of the capture and their transfer to different partners for the selection of their software and technical problems. Such an algorithm in every competitive situation, especially in conditions of a strongly divided bottom line, should have a property to find an appropriate equivalent between the detail of reflection of the relief in this scale, which provides the same status of peaks and falls and is a priority of the minimum depth, which is intended to ensure the safety of navigation. Information about navigational problems and the camp of depths in these areas can be seen on the appropriate navigational charts. But in the surrounding areas of the sea with a folding relief of the bottom, knowledge of only point-holes is not enough for the safe navigation of ships. A more detailed picture can be taken from the digital model of the bottom topography, in order to give a more accurate description, character and understanding of the bottom navigational problems. The development of a digital model is possible based on the results of hydrographic surveys. In this article, the theoretical and practical aspects of the research and the real picture of the bottom topography of the ship-floating water areas are considered. The effectiveness of digital technologies for processing hydrographic information is rich in what lies in the set organization of digital data. For the making of the digital relief model, a tree data structure was adopted. Keywords: digital model, hydrographic survey, hydroacoustic survey, seabed relief, sea navigation map, survey sea lines, software hydrographic survey.