Depth Of Dye Penetration Research Articles

Comparison of Micro-Leakage around Temporary Restorative Materials Placed in Complex Endodontic Access Cavities: An In-Vitro Study.

To compare mean micro-leakage around 3 types of temporary restorative materials in-vitro, when placed adjacent to permanent restorations (amalgam) in complex endodontic access cavities. Randomized controlled trial. Dental Clinics, Dental Laboratory and Research Laboratory at The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January to June 2014. After random allocation of 60 teeth into 3 experimental groups, each group had conventional class II cavities prepared and amalgam placed. After 14 days, endodontic access cavities were made in these teeth, followed by placement of Cavit, IRM and CLIP(depth of 4 mm each). After thermo-cycling and immersion in 0.5% methylene blue dye, the teeth were sectioned mesio-distally and observed under stereoscopic microscope (magnification x4) along 2 interfaces 'a' and 'b' (tooth-temporary restoration and temporary restoration-primary restoration), respectively. Depth of dye penetration was measured in millimeters. IRM was leakiest at interface 'a', cavit had highest dye penetration at interface 'b', while CLIP exhibited least micro-leakage at 'a' and 'b'. The mean dye penetration for Cavit was 0.80 ± 0.23 mm at 'a', and 2.24 ± 0.48 mm at 'b'. For IRM, it was 1.82 ± 0.09 mm at 'a', and 0.44 ± 0.13 mm at 'b'. For CLIP, the mean dye penetration was 0.43 ± 0.05 mm at 'a', and 0.32 ± 0.12 mm at 'b'. The difference in dye penetration observed between the 3 groups at both interfaces was statistically significant. In a complex access cavity made adjacent to a pre-existing amalgam restoration, CLIP exhibits the least micro-leakage, followed by IRM and Cavit.

The Effect of Two Demineralizing Agents on Apical Sealing of Retrograde Filling Materials (In Vitro Study)

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of using two different demineralizing agents on the micro-leakage of different retro-grade filling, the sealing ability of the MTA, & to compare the sealing ability of the three different retro-grade fillings.Seventy roots were selected, & the canals then instrumented utilizing crown down technique using pro-taper rotary files. All roots were obturated with non standardized gutta-percha master cones using the lateral condensation technique, apical root resections were made & root-end cavities were prepared.The prepared roots were randomly divided into seven experimental groups with 10 specimens in each; three groups demineralized by 17% EDTA, each group of them was filled with different retrograde filling materials either MTA , Resin-modified glass ionomer cement, or amalgam. The other three groups were demineralized by 35% phosphoric acid & each group of them was filled with the same different retrograde filling materials. The seventh group which is the control was filled with MTA without demineralization agent. The specimens were then placed in 2% methylene blue solution at (37°C, & pH 7) for 72 hours. To evaluate the depth of dye penetration, each root was sectioned longitudinally in a crown-apex direction. Linear dye penetration was measured using a stereomicroscope.Statistical analysis of the results revealed that the MTA had less leakage than the amalgam & the glass ionomer cement, & the difference was highly significant (p>0.01) for EDTA. In addition, the using of phosphoric acid had higher leakage than EDTA for MTA & GIC groups , however, the difference was non significant (p>0.05).MTA retro-filling material had better sealing ability than other materials used and the demineralizing agents may have effect on the quality of the micro-leak

Sealing ability of a retrograde filling materials using Amalgam, MTA, or Zinc Phosphate cement

This study evaluated the ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to seal the root end effectively by comparing its apical sealing ability with that of amalgam and zinc phosphate cement. Forty five, single rooted extracted human teeth were used in this study, teeth divided randomly into three groups. After root–end resection of teeth, 3 mm depth of retrograde class I cavities were performed in 3 groups. Retrofillings of each group were performed with Amalgam, MTA and Zinc Phosphate cement. Following immersion in 1% Methylene blue dye for 42 hours, the roots were sectioned and the depth of dye penetration was evaluated by a stereomicroscope at X-10 magnification. The sealing ability of the retrograde filling materials was determined by their ability to inhibit dye penetration. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA test and t-test. MTA provides a better seal than Amalgam and Zinc Phosphate cement when used as retrograde filling.

The Effect of Two Demineralizing Agents on Apical Sealing of Retrograde Filling Materials (In Vitro Study)

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of using two different demineralizing agents on the micro-leakage of different retro-grade filling, the sealing ability of the MTA, & to compare the sealing ability of the three different retro-grade fillings.Seventy roots were selected, & the canals then instrumented utilizing crown down technique using pro-taper rotary files. All roots were obturated with non standardized gutta-percha master cones using the lateral condensation technique, apical root resections were made & root-end cavities were prepared.The prepared roots were randomly divided into seven experimental groups with 10 specimens in each; three groups demineralized by 17% EDTA, each group of them was filled with different retrograde filling materials either MTA , Resin-modified glass ionomer cement, or amalgam. The other three groups were demineralized by 35% phosphoric acid & each group of them was filled with the same different retrograde filling materials. The seventh group which is the control was filled with MTA without demineralization agent. The specimens were then placed in 2% methylene blue solution at (37°C, & pH 7) for 72 hours. To evaluate the depth of dye penetration, each root was sectioned longitudinally in a crown-apex direction. Linear dye penetration was measured using a stereomicroscope.Statistical analysis of the results revealed that the MTA had less leakage than the amalgam & the glass ionomer cement, & the difference was highly significant (p>0.01) for EDTA. In addition, the using of phosphoric acid had higher leakage than EDTA for MTA & GIC groups , however, the difference was non significant (p>0.05).MTA retro-filling material had better sealing ability than other materials used and the demineralizing agents may have effect on the quality of the micro-leakage

Evaluation of three novel retrograde filling materials (Microleakage study)

The aim of this study was to compare apical microleakage of MTA followingreverse retrograde root filling with that following Alumina Cement, Light Cement,Zenium HMP retrofilling. The root canals of 42 extracted teeth were instrumented andobturated with vertically condensed gutta-percha. Each tooth was apically resectedand the apex was prepared by fissure bur to 2 mm depth and the root surface isolatedwith nail varnish. Teeth were divided randomly into four groups of 10 teeth each.First group was retrofilled with MTA, second group with Alumina Cement, thirdgroup with Light Cement, and the fourth group with Zenium HMP. Followingimmersion in 2% Fuchsine dye for 72 hours, the roots were sectioned and the depth ofdye penetration was evaluated by a Global stereomicroscope at x70 magnification.Thesealing effectiveness of the retrograde filling materials was determined by their abilityto inhibit dye penetration. Results showed that the least leakage for zeniuum HMPcement with a mean of 0.6, MTA with a mean of 1.0, light cement with a mean of1.10, alumina cement with a mean of 1.50 with the most leakage. However, thesedifferences were not seen to be statistically significant using the Kruskal Wallis Testor the Mann Whitney Test. It was concluded that Zenium HMP cement provides abetter seal than MTA and Light Cement and Alumina Cement when used asretrograde filling.

Comparative evaluation of marginal seal integrity of three bulk-fill composite materials in Class II cavities: An In vitro study

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare marginal sealing of three different bulk-fill composite restorations of Class II cavities under in vitro conditions. Materials and Methods: Thirty human extracted pre-molars were divided into three groups of 10 each. Class II cavities were prepared and restored using Filtek Bulk Fill (Group I), Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (Group II) and X-tra Fil Bulk Fill (Group III) composite materials. Depth of dye penetration along the lateral walls of each specimen was evaluated under stereomicroscope, and marginal gap was evaluated under scanning electron microscope. Statistical Analysis Used: In a one-way ANOVA study, statistical analysis will be done using non-parametric, Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum analysis and Chi-square test for categorical data. For all statistical analysis, probability levels of P < 0.05 will be considered statistically significant. Results: Stereomicroscopy showed no dye penetration in 90%, 70% and 30% of restorations in Groups I, II and III, respectively. The mean width of marginal gap (μm) was 1.691, 3.076 and 4.546 in Groups I, II and III, respectively. Conclusions: Under the limitation of in vitro study, Filtek Bulk Fill composite material showed least microleakage and better marginal adaptation.

Study on the sealing ability of biological root canal sealer iRoot SP in root canal filling

To investigate the sealing ability of biological root canal sealer iRoot SP in over-root canal filling. METHODS：After completion of root canal preparation, 48 extracted human single-canal teeth were used. The ratio of mesio-distal root canal diameter to bucco-lingual diameter was less than 0.5. The teeth were randomly divided into group A, B and C. The root canals were obturated with root canal filling agent (group A), AH Plus (group B) and iRoot SP (group C), respectively; the apical leakage was evaluated by dye penetration method and transparent teeth technique. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software package. The depth of dye penetration in group A was significantly higher than that in group B and C (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the depth of dye penetration between group B and group C (P>0.05). The apical sealing ability of iRoot SP is equivalent to AH Plus in oval-root canal, both are better than that of root canal filling agent．.

Coronal Sealing Capacity of Temporary Restorative Materials in Pediatric Dentistry: A Comparative Study.

AimsThe aim of this in vitro study is to compare the coronal microleakage of three common temporary restorative materials, namely Coltosol, Compoglass, and Zonalin, used in pediatric dentistry after endodontic treatment at different time intervals (1 week, 1, and 2 months) using dye penetration.Materials and methodsAccess cavities were prepared in 72 intact extracted premolar teeth. The samples were divided into three groups (n = 24) and filled with Coltosol, Compoglass, or Zonalin. After thermal cycling for 500 cycles (5-55°C), the teeth were immersed in 1% methylene blue dye at 37°C for 1 week (n = 8), 1 month (n = 8), and 2 months (n = 8). The samples were sectioned buccolingually, and the linear depth of dye penetration was measured using a stereomicroscope at 16 × magnification. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the micro-leakage values of Coltosol and Zonalin or Zonalin and Com-poglass groups at 1 week (p > 0.05) or 1 month (p > 0.05) intervals, but a significant difference was noted between Coltosol and Compoglass groups (p < 0.01); Coltosol provided a more favorable coronal seal. No significant difference was found among the experimental groups at the 2-month interval (p > 0.05).ConclusionAt 1 week or 1 month of use, Coltosol showed better coronal seal. At 2 months, there was no significant difference apparent between the groups. A longer time lapse was associated with an increased likelihood of microleakage.How to cite this articleMilani S, Seraj B, Heidari A, Mirdamadi A, Shahrabi M. Coronal Sealing Capacity of Temporary Restorative Materials in Pediatric Dentistry: A Comparative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):115-118.

Apical Microleakage in Root Canals Containing Broken Rotary Instruments.

Introduction:Broken instruments in root canals complicate routine endodontic treatment. This study aimed to compare apical microleakage in root canals containing broken rotary instruments filled with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement, laterally compacted gutta-percha and injected gutta-percha. Methods and Materials:In this in vitro, experimental study, 80 extracted human premolars were decoronated and then the roots were randomly divided into four groups (n=20). Root canals were instrumented with Mtwo rotary files. The files were scratched 3 mm from the tip by a high speed handpiece and they were intentionally broken in the apical third of the canals. The middle and coronal thirds of the canals were then filled with MTA, CEM cement, gutta-percha with lateral compaction technique and injected gutta-percha. Apical microleakage was measured using dye penetration method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test.Results:Root canals filled with CEM cement showed the lowest and those filled with injected gutta-percha showed the highest microleakage according to dye penetration depth. No significant difference was noted between the microleakage of CEM cement and MTA or between lateral compaction of gutta-percha and injected gutta-percha (P>0.05). However, CEM cement and MTA groups had significantly lower microleakage than laterally compacted and injected gutta-percha groups (P<0.05). Conclusion:Due to their superior sealing ability, MTA and CEM cement are suitable for filling of root canals containing a broken instrument compared to laterally compacted and injected gutta-percha.

A Comparative Evaluation of Apical Seal Associated with Ultrasonic Retrograde Cavities Filled with Bioactive Material (In Vitro Study)

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the apical microleakage around retrograde cavities prepared with ultrasonic technique and filled with (Biodentine™) Materials and methods: 40 extracted single rooted human permanent maxillary teeth with mature apices were selected. The roots were prepared chemo-mechanically using k-files with crown-down technique and then obturated with lateral condensation gutta-percha technique. Teeth were divided into four main groups according to the cavity preparation method either manual or ultrasonic technique: Group A (n=10): A class I retrograde cavity at root end was prepared with traditional handpeice equipped and placement of Biodentine with manual condensation. Group B (n=10): A class I retrograde cavity at root end was prepared with Piezoelectric ultrasonic device equipped with ultrasonic tip with only manual compaction of the material. Group C (n=10): traditional handpeice and placement of Biodentine using both manual compaction and 5 second ultrasonic activation. Group D (n=10): Piezoelectric ultrasonic device and placement of Biodentine with both manual compaction and 5 second ultrasonic compaction. The teeth were immersed in 1% aqueous Methylene blue dye for 72 hr. Then they were sectioned longitudinally with a diamond disc and the depth of dye penetration was examined under high magnification 20X. Results: Statistical analysis showed a highly significant difference in microleakage among the tested groups in which Piezoelectric technique has proved superiority in retrograde cavity preparation and compaction of Biodentin when dye penetration scores were compared. So microleakage was highest with cavities prepared with handpeice and manual application of retrograde material group A (2.73±0.39) followed by microprepared cavities group C (1.86±0.16), and it was lowest with ultrasonically-prepared cavities group B (1.09±0.28) and group D (0.26±0.19). Conclusion: ultrasonic preparation produced significantly less microleakage than conventional method. Also less microleakage was observed with ultrasonic compaction of Biodentin when compared with conventional method of compaction.

Microleakage of Lithium Disilicate Crown Margins Finished on Direct Restorative Materials.

For some esthetic clinical situations, it is necessary to finish crown margins on direct restorative materials to preserve tissue integrity, bonding integrity, and biological width. The purpose of this research was to investigate microleakage at the interface between bonded lithium disilicate crowns and various direct restorative materials in a class III and class V position. Class III or class V restorations were prepared on one side of extracted incisors with either Tetric EvoCeram, Tetric Evoceram Bulk, Fuji II LC, or Tetric Evoflow. The teeth were prepared for and received a lithium disilicate crown. After load fatiguing, the specimens were thermo-cycled with a fuchsin dye and sectioned. The depth and area of dye penetration were measured with a dimensional grid in micrometers using stereomicroscopy and reported as mean dye depth and area (μm) ± SD. The comparison of multiple categorical independent variables with ratio scale dependent variables was evaluated with an analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc analysis. A statistically significant higher dye penetration was noted for all treatment groups compared with the positive control (side opposite the restoration after sagittal sectioning was used as positive control) regardless of material or placement area (p<0.05). In comparing treatment groups, the Tetric EvoFlow experienced a statistically higher dye penetration than did the other treatment groups regardless of material or placement area (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the Tetric EvoCeram, Tetric Evoceram Bulk, and Fuji II LC materials regardless of placement area (p>0.05). Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that flowable composite materials as finish lines that interact with resin cements could lead to exacerbated interfacial degradation. Finishing lithium disilicate all-ceramic crowns on flowable resin composite materials in the esthetic zone should be used with caution. If necessary, finishing lithium disilicate all-ceramic crowns on nanofilled resin composite or resin-modified glass ionomer materials seems to provide the least dye penetration depth and area.

Microleakage in contemporary esthetic restorations following cyclic wet-dry storage

Abstract Objective: To compare the incidence of microleakage associated with contemporary esthetic restorative-adhesive systems following cyclic wet and dry storage as a representation to the dry mouth condition. Methods: Standardized cervical cavities in both buccal and lingual surfaces of 100 extracted human premolars were restored in 10 groups ( n = 10 with 20 cavities) using 7 contemporary esthetic restoratives and 3 adhesive systems following their manufacturers’ instructions. Cavities in groups 1–3 were restored with self-adhesive restoratives; conventional glass-ionomer (GI) (Ketac Molar Aplicap), resin modified glass-ionomer (RMGI) (Vitremer) and self-adhesive flowable composite (SAFC) (Fusio Liquid Dentin). Conventional flowable (FC) (Filtek Z350 Flow), nano-hybrid (HC) (Filtek Z250 XT) and nano-filled (NC) (Filtek Z350 XT) methacrylate-based composites were used in conjunction with total-etch, 2-step adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2) to restore cavities in groups 4–6. The same restoratives were also used to restore cavities in groups 8–10 in the presence of self-etch, 1-step adhesive (Adper Easy One), while cavities in group 7 were restored with silorane-based composite (Filtek P90) together with its specific adhesive system. Five restored teeth from each group (10 cavities) were subjected to cyclic storage in wet and dry environment, each for 12 h/day and for a total period of 30 days, while the other 5 were tested with no cyclic storage to serve as control. Using dye penetration technique, the associated microleakage was then scored from 0 to 4 for all restorations according to the depth of dye penetration at both occlusal and gingival interfaces. The incidences of each score were recorded in percentages and the numerical microleakage data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney comparisons at α = 0.05 to stand on the significance of differences detected between groups. Results: All restorative systems showed incidences of microleakage before and following cyclic storage in wet and dry environment with no specific manner declared for any. Statistical analysis of the scored data revealed no difference between different restorative systems under no storage condition, however HC, S and FC in groups 5, 7 and 8 showed higher rates of microleakage when subjected to cyclic wet-dry storage (Mann–Whitney, P P > 0.05). For each restorative system, no significant difference (Kruskal–Wallis, P > 0.05) was recorded between microleakage values recorded at occlusal and gingival interfaces. Conclusion: Occlusal and gingival sealing ability of flowable resin composite bonded with self-etch, 1-step adhesive is the most affected following cyclic wet-dry storage. Selection of such restorative option accordingly is not suggested for patients suffering from dry mouth.

The sealing ability of novel Kryptonite adhesive bone cement as a retrograde filling material.

Background. This study evaluated the ability of Kryptonite bone cement in sealing retrograde cavities.Methods. The root canals of one hundred extracted human maxillary incisor teeth were instrumented up to master apical file #40 using Mtwo rotary system and obturated with gutta-percha and AHPlus sealer by cold lateral compaction method. The specimens were assigned to one control group and four experimental groups based on the retrograde filling materials (n=20). The specimens were immersed in 0.5% Rhodamine B solution for 48h. Then the specimens were divided longitudinally into two parts and the depth of dye penetration was assessed under ×10 magnification. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests.Results. There were statistically significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the experimental groups in dye penetration scores (P>0.05).Conclusion. Kryptonite cement provided optimal apical seal in a manner similar to MTA, amalgam and IRM when used as a retrograde filling cement.

Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage Between Nano-Ionomer, Giomer and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement in Class V Cavities- CLSM Study.

Marginal integrity of adhesive restorative materials provides better sealing ability for enamel and dentin and plays an important role in success of restoration in Class V cavities. Restorative material with good marginal adaptation improves the longevity of restorations. Aim of this study was to evaluate microleakage in Class V cavities which were restored with Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC), Giomer and Nano-Ionomer. This in-vitro study was performed on 60 human maxillary and mandibular premolars which were extracted for orthodontic reasons. A standard wedge shaped defect was prepared on the buccal surfaces of teeth with the gingival margin placed near Cemento Enamel Junction (CEJ). Teeth were divided into three groups of 20 each and restored with RMGIC, Giomer and Nano-Ionomer and were subjected to thermocycling. Teeth were then immersed in 0.5% Rhodamine B dye for 48 hours. They were sectioned longitudinally from the middle of cavity into mesial and distal parts. The sections were observed under Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) to evaluate microleakage. Depth of dye penetration was measured in millimeters. The data was analysed using the Kruskal Wallis test. Pair wise comparison was done with Mann Whitney U Test. A p-value<0.05 is taken as statistically significant. Nano-Ionomer showed less microleakage which was statistically significant when compared to Giomer (p=0.0050). Statistically no significant difference was found between Nano Ionomer and RMGIC (p=0.3550). There was statistically significant difference between RMGIC and Giomer (p=0.0450). Nano-Ionomer and RMGIC showed significantly less leakage and better adaptation than Giomer and there was no statistically significant difference between Nano-Ionomer and RMGIC.

A comparative evaluation of microleakage of restorations using silorane-based dental composite and methacrylate-based dental composites in Class II cavities: An in vitro study.

Aim:The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the microleakage of restorations using low shrinkage silorane-based dental composite and methacrylate-based dental composites in Class II cavity at the occlusal and gingival margins.Materials and Methods:Sixty mandibular molars were collected and divided into three experimental groups and one negative control group. Class II slot cavity was prepared on the mesial surface. Experimental groups were restored with Group I: silorane-based microhybrid composite, Group II: methacrylate-based nanohybrid composite, and Group III: Methacrylate-based microhybrid composite, respectively. Group IV: negative control. The samples were thermocycled, root apices were sealed with sticky wax and coated with nail varnish except 1 mm around the restoration. This was followed by immersion in 2% Rhodamine-B dye solution under vacuum at room temperature for 24 h. Then, the samples were sectioned longitudinally in the mesiodistal direction and evaluated under stereomicroscope ×40 magnification. Scoring was done according to the depth of dye penetration in to the cavity. Statistical analysis of the data was done.Results:The results were that no statistically significant difference in the microleakage at the occlusal margin for all the restorative materials, whereas at the gingival margin, silorane-based microhybrid composite showed less microleakage than the methacrylate-based nano- and micro-hybrid composites.Conclusion:In general, silorane-based microhybrid composite had less microleakage among the other materials used in this in vitro study.

Evaluation of Sealing Ability of Three Root-end Filling Materials

Introduction: Reinfection of root canal treated tooth leads to endodontic failure. In such case surgical endodontic therapy is the treatment of choice which provides obturation of radicular space with 3-dimensional sealing.Objective: To evaluate and compare the sealing ability of Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with Glass ionomer cement (GIC) and Super EBA (Epoxybenzoic acid) root-end filling materials.Materials &amp; Method: 94 extracted single rooted upper anterior teeth were selected for root canal preparation and obturation. Root were apically resected 3 mm; and 3 mm deep Class-I root-end cavities were prepared. Teeth were randomly distributed into 3 groups comprising 30 teeth in each group. Group-1 was retrofilled with MTA, Group-2 with GIC and Group-3 with Super EBA. 2 positive and 2 negative control teeth were instrumented and obturated but not filled on root-end cavity. In experimental groups and positive control group the whole surface of teeth except 3 mm adjacent to resected area were covered with twocoats of nail polish but in negative control group whole surface of teeth were covered, dried, immersed in 1% methylene blue for 72 hours. Each root was sectioned labio-lingually to the long axis of root. Depth of dye penetration was evaluated by 10x stereo-microscope.Result: MTA retrograde filling showed the best hermetic seal property whereas, few GIC and Super EBA samples showed microleakage in retrograde filling. GIC showed better sealing ability than Super EBA. Conclusion: MTA has potential to provide better hermetic-seal than GIC and Super EBA as root-end filling material.

Microleakage evaluation around retrograde filling materials prepared using conventional and ultrasonic techniques.

The importance of the retrograde cavity preparation and the material used to restore is of utmost importance to achieve successful surgical endodontics. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the apical micro-leakage of root end cavities filled with Mineral trioxide aggregate, Biodentine and light cure GIC using two different cavity preparation techniques that is conventional bur preparation and ultrasonic tip preparation. Eighty extracted single rooted human teeth (except mandibular incisors) with one canal, fully developed apices and without any major carious lesion are collected for the study. The teeth were sectioned at CEJ to standardize the length. Roots are instrumented upto master apical file 40 K size and obturated with gutta percha and AH plus sealer in lateral condensation technique. The teeth were then resected apically at 90° angle axis to the long axis of the root removing 3 mm of the apex. The teeth were divided in to four groups of 20 each- • Group I- samples restored with MTA. • Group II- samples restored with Biodentine. • Group III- (Positive control group)- samples restored with Light activated GIC. • Group IV - (negative control group)- no filling material. Each group is divided into two subgroups (a, b) of ten teeth each 1. Retropreparation done with ultrasonic retrotip. 2. Retropreparation done with conventional bur. The teeth were then immersed in 0.5% Rhodamine B dye for 48 h. The teeth were split longitudinally and the interface between the restored material and the canal wall is observed under Confocal laser scanning microscope. Depth of dye penetration was examined under stereomicroscope. The statistical analysis was performed by One way ANOVA, t test. Pair wise comparision was done by Newman - Keuls multiple post hoc test. The mean values of Dye penetration for Group Ia (321.23), Group Ib (490.11), Group IIa (1065.14), Group IIb (1170.96), Group IIIa (1888.90), Group IIIb (2025.35). The samples prepared with ultrasonic retrotip showed less microleakage but it is statistically not significant. MTA showed significantly less microleakage when compared to Biodentine and light cure GIC and there is no statistical difference between the ultrasonic retrotip preparation and conventional bur preparation.

Analysis of marginal seal of ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus biodentine, and glass ionomer cement as root-end filling materials: An in vitro study

Background: Search for a root-end filling material fulfilling all the ideal characteristics is an ongoing process. The present study aimed to evaluate the marginal seal of the following materials when used as root-end filling materials, MTA Angelus, White ProRoot MTA, Biodentine and Glass ionomer cement (GIC). Materials and Methods: Sixty single-rooted maxillary central incisors were included in the study. The crowns were resected followed by cleaning and shaping with hand files and protaper rotary files followed by obturation of the roots. The root ends were resected at 3 mm level. Then, root-end cavity preparation of 3 mm depth was done using ultrasonic tips. The samples were randomly divided into four groups of 15 each and cavities restored with, such as (1) Group 1: MTA Angelus, (2) Group 2: ProRoot MTA, (3) Group 3: Biodentine, and (4) Group 4: GIC. The root samples were coated with two coats of nail varnish and immersed in methylene blue dye 2% for 48 h. Longitudinal root resection was done. The depth of dye penetration was evaluated under the stereomicroscope to examine the extent of microleakage. The amount of dye penetration was measured in millimeters. The results were then statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey's test. Conclusion: Microleakage was present in all the samples. Least amount of apical dye microleakage was seen in biodentine with mean value of 0.16 mm followed by ProRoot MTA 0.68 mm, MTA Angelus 0.74 mm, and GIC 1.53 mm. The best sealing ability was seen in biodentine, and this difference was statistically significant.

Comparative evaluation of microleakage of four different retrograde filling materials with or without root end bevel: An in vitro study

Aim: To compare the microleakage of four different root end filling materials with or without root end bevels using dye penetration technique under stereomicroscope. Materials and methods: Subsequent to decontamination and decoronation, 90 human maxillary central incisor were instrumented and obturated with gutta percha using lateral compaction technique. Ten samples were used as control group where no retrograde cavity preparation was done except removal of 3mm of apex at 0 degree bevel and 45 degree bevel in 5 samples each. 40 teeth were apically resected at an angle of 45 degrees and the remaining 40 teeth were subjected to 0 degree resection to the long axis of root. Root end cavities were then prepared to 3 mm depth. The samples were thus divided into nine groups with ten samples each in the eight experimental groups and ten samples in the control group. In each experimental group, root end cavities were filled with one of the following materials: Silver Amalgam, Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate(MTA) and Giomer. Following this, the teeth were stored in incubator for 2 weeks. The samples were coated with nail varnish and after drying were immersed in Indian ink dye for 72 hours. The teeth were then rinsed, sectioned longitudinally and observed under stereomicroscope. The depth of dye penetration was measured in millimetres. Results: The results showed that microleakage was found to be least in case of MTA followed by IRM, Silver Amalgam and Giomer. Regarding the choice of apical preparation of bevel as demonstrated in this study, retrograde preparations without bevel demonstrated less leakage as compared to retrograde preparations with the use of bevel for all the test materials. Conclusion: MTA as root end filling material without bevelling the root end may be considered as a clinical procedure of choice with predictable clinical results.

Evaluation of marginal integrity of four bulk-fill dental composite materials: in vitro study.

Objective. The aim of the study was to compare under in vitro conditions marginal sealing of 4 different bulk-fill materials composite restorations of class II. Methods. Comparative evaluation concerned 4 composites of a bulk-fill type: SonicFill, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Filtek Bulk Fill, and SDR. The study used 30 third molars without caries. In each tooth 4 cavities of class II were prepared. The prepared tooth samples were placed in a 1% methylene blue solution for 24 h, and after that in each restoration the depth of dye penetration along the side walls was evaluated. Results. The highest rating (score 0, no dye penetration) was achieved by 93.33% of the restorations made of the SDR material, 90% of restorations of SonicFill system, 86.66% of restorations of the composite Filtek Bulk Fill, and 73.33% of restorations of the Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill. Conclusion. The performed study showed that bulk-fill flowable or sonic-activated flowable composite restorations have better marginal sealing (lack of discoloration) in comparison with bulk-fill paste-like composite.