Depth Of Dye Penetration Research Articles

Comparative effects of the conventional, ultrasonic, and laser-activated irrigation on penetration depth of three photosensitizers in the root canal system

ObjectivesThis study compared the effects of conventional, ultrasonic, and laser-activated irrigation (LAI) on penetration depth of three photosensitizers (PSs) in the root canal system. Materials and MethodsIn this in vitro, experimental study, 120 extracted anterior teeth were decoronated such that the remaining root length was standardized at 12 mm. After root canal instrumentation with the ProTaper rotary system and irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl, the roots were assigned to 12 groups for the application of toluidine blue (TB), curcumin, and phycocyanin PSs combined with the LAI using erbium laser with 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm tips, ultrasonic activation, and conventional irrigation. The specimens were sectioned apicocoronally, and the dye penetration depth was quantified in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds under a stereomicroscope at x20 magnification. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test (alpha=0.05). ResultsThe effects of irrigation technique, PS type, and their interaction on dye penetration depth were significant at the apical, middle, and coronal thirds (P < 0.0001). TB + LAI with 0.4- and 0.6-mm laser tips showed the highest penetration depth while phycocyanin + LAI or conventional irrigation showed the lowest penetration depth at all areas. Dye penetration depth was the highest in the coronal, and the lowest in the apical third. ConclusionThe LAI technique with erbium laser (0.4- and 0.6-mm tips) enhanced the penetration depth of TB. The tested irrigation techniques had no significant efficacy for enhancement of the penetration depth of curcumin and phycocyanin.

Evaluation of Fiber Post Exposure on Coronal Microleakage of Endodontically Treated Teeth: An In Vitro Study

Background: Coronal leakage is a significant cause of failure in endodontically treated teeth, and studies have reported the different effects of aqueous environments and occlusal forces on fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) materials. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fiber post exposure on coronal microleakage in endodontically treated teeth restored with fiber post and composite core. Methods: Forty-five extracted maxillary incisors were sectioned at the CEJ, endodontically treated, and randomly divided into five groups. The specimens in the first group were restored with fiber post and core, but the post was not exposed and was covered with composite. The fiber posts were exposed in the second and fourth groups, while the fiber posts and luting cement were exposed in the third and fifth groups. The first, second, and third groups were varnished up to one millimeter below the CEJ, and the fourth and fifth groups up to the highest level of the composite core. The specimens were cut into two halves longitudinally with a diamond disc, and the depth of dye penetration was measured using a stereo microscope at the incisal and cervical interfaces. The Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed to determine the significance of differences between the microleakage of different groups, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The microleakage values of the groups with exposed fiber posts (fiber post-cement composite) did not differ. Due to the varnish coverage, the microleakage values in the cervical interface showed no significant difference in groups 1, 2, and 3, unaffected by post exposure at the incisal region. Conclusion: Fiber post exposure did not influence the microleakage values of endodontically treated teeth restored with fiber post-composite core buildup.

Evaluation of Mean Apical Sealing Ability of Bio Ceramic and AH Plus (Dentsply Sirona) Sealer in Single Rooted Teeth: An In Vitro Study

A good seal is essential to prevent bacteria from re-entering the canal. Sealers can significantly impact the success of the treatment. Understanding which sealant works better can help dentists improve the outcome of root canal treatments. Objective: To compare mean apical sealing ability of bioceramic sealer and AH plus sealer in single rooted tooth. Methods: Extracted single-rooted teeth were divided into two groups and sealed with either bioceramic or AH plus sealer. After soaking in dye solution, the depth of dye penetration was measured to assess leakage. Results: Bioceramic sealer showed significantly better apical sealing ability (mean 5.43 mm) compared to AH plus (mean 8.55 mm), suggesting it may be a more effective choice for preventing future problems after root canal treatment. Conclusions: The study concluded that bioceramic sealer is superior to AH plus in sealing the tips of single-rooted teeth. This finding can help dentists choose the most effective sealant for their patients, potentially reducing the chance of treatment failure.

Comparative evaluation of microleakage in glass hybrid resin, alkasite resin, and shock-absorbing rubber resin in primary molars– An in-vitro study

Background To evaluate and compare the microleakage of Glass hybrid resin (Equia Forte), Alkasite resin (Cention N), and Fluoride-releasing shock-absorbing rubber resin (Activa Bioactive) in Class V cavities of primary molars. Material and Methods Thirty freshly extracted human primary molar teeth with pre-shedding mobility were selected and a standard class V cavity was prepared on the buccal surfaces of all teeth. The teeth were divided into 3 groups of 10 samples each. The prepared cavities of all samples were restored with their corresponding restorative material. The teeth underwent thermocycling for 500 cycles and were then immersed in the toluidine dye solution. The depth of dye penetration scores between and within 3 groups was analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis One-way ANOVA test, followed by multiple comparisons with the Dunn-Bonferonni post hoc test. Results Cention N (alkasite resin) showed the least depth of dye penetration, which was highly statistically significant (p=0.000), followed by Activa Bioactive (Fluoride-releasing shock-absorbing rubber resin) and Equia Forte (Glass Hybrid resin). No samples showed depth involving the pulpal floor. Conclusion Cention N (alkasite resin) restorative material had the least microleakage and may be an excellent alternative material that provides a long-term clinical solution for the restoration of carious teeth with its improved marginal seal and reduced chances of microleakage. Clinical Significance Cention N may be an excellent alternative material that provides a long-term clinical solution for the restoration of carious teeth with its improved marginal seal and reduced chances of microleakage. Key Words: Activa Bioactive, Cention N, Equia forte, Microleakage, Resin cements

Comparative Analysis of Techniques for Pit and Fissure Sealant Application to Reduce Microleakage.

Introduction In modern dentistry, the focus is more on preventing caries than on treating it, which helps preserve the tooth structure. Pit and fissure sealants (PFS) are the most effective methods for providing a mechanical barrier and avoiding the accumulation of dental plaque in deep pits and fissures, thereby preventing occlusal caries. The present study was conducted to compare the efficiency of dentin bonding agents (DBA) with or without fissurotomy in reducing microleakage before PFS placement. Materials and methods A total of 48 freshly extracted premolars were randomly divided into four groups as follows: Group 1, the conventional technique of PFS (Clinpro, 3M ESPE sealant); Group 2, fissurotomy performed before PFS placement; Group 3, Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (3M ESPE DBA) applied before PFS placement; and Group 4, fissurotomy along with DBA was used before PFS placement. The teeth were subjected to thermocycling followed by dye penetration using a 1% solution of methylene blue for 24 hours. All teeth were then assessed for microleakage by a qualitative method using a stereomicroscope at 40X and depth of dye penetration by image analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test was used for intergroup comparisons of microleakage scores, and ANOVAfollowed by Tukey's test was used for intergroup comparisons of the depth of dye penetration. These analyses were conducted using statistical software (SPSS version 22, Chicago, IL, USA). Results Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of the microleakage scores and depth of dye penetration (p<0.05). The group 4 showed a minimum microleakage score (0.50±0.52), and maximum scores were observed in Group 1 (2.16±0.71). Group 2 showed insignificant differences with groups 3 and 4 for depth of dye penetration (p>0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed between groups 1 and 2, groups 1 and 4, and groups 3 and 4 for the microleakage score (p<0.05). Conclusion Fissurotomy with or without DBA significantly reduced microleakage before the PFS placement. Prior use of fourth-generation DBA significantly reduced microleakage compared with PFS placement without the use of DBA.

Comparison of Apical Sealing Capacity of ActiV GP/Glass Ionomer Sealer Versus Resilon/RealSeal and Gutta Percha/AH plus Sealers.

In recent years, concerns have arisen regarding the sealing efficacy of traditional root canal obturation materials such as gutta-percha (GP) and various sealers. The resin-based obturation complexes like RealSealTM (SybronEndo, Orange, CA) and ResilonTM(ResilonResearch LLC, Madison, CT) had been developed as replacements for conventional obturation materials, gutta-percha, and various types of sealers. Additionally, ActiV GPTM (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA), a glass-ionomer-based obturation system, has gained attention. This in vitro study's objective was to evaluate ActiV GPTM/GI (glass ionomer) sealer's sealing capacity and compare it to that of ResilonTM/RealSealTM as well as gutta-percha/AH PlusTM (Dentsply International Inc, York, PA) takenas a control. In this in vitro investigation, 90 freshly excised single-rooted humanpremolars of the mandible were chosen. According to the substance used to seal the root canals, the teethwere randomly separated into three separate groups (n=30). Group 1: The ActiV GPTM obturation system was used to seal and obturate the canals. Group 2: ResilonTM/RealSealTMwas used to obturate and block the canals. Group 3: GPpoints and AH PlusTM were used to seal the canals employing the lateral condensation methodology. All of the root surfaces-aside from the last 2 mm of the root-were painted with two coats of nail polish before being submerged in 2%methylene blue for a duration of 24 hours at a temperature of37°C. The highest amount of dye leakage was determined using a stereomicroscope at 20X magnification. The extent of dye penetration at the apical region in specimens of the ActiV GPTM category was 4.93±1.48 mm. The depth of dye penetration at the apical region in specimens of the ResilonTM category was 2.78 ±1.62 mm. The extension of penetration of dye was 0.48± 0.46 mm in specimens of the GP/AH PlusTM category. The degree of microlikeage was maximum in ActiV GPTM specimens and it was minimum in GP/AH PlusTM specimens. The microlikeage in specimens of the Resilon category was greater than GP/AH plusTM while it was lower than ActiV GPTM specimens. The observations were statistically meaningful (p<0.001). Based on the results of the dye penetration examination, it can be concluded that the root canal wall sealing capabilities of ActiV GPTM with GI Sealer were inferior to those of GP/AH PlusTM and ResilonTM with RealSealTM.

In vitro microleakage at the enamel and dentin margins of class II cavities of primary molars restored with a bulk-fill and a conventional composite.

This study assessed the enamel and dentin margin microleakage of class II cavities of primary molars restored with a bulk-fill and a conventional composite. In this in vitro, experimental study, standard class II cavities were created in the proximal surfaces of 60 extracted primary molars. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups, and restored with SonicFill bulk-fill and Filtek Z250 conventional composite along with Single Bond 2 adhesive. The teeth were coated with two layers of nail varnish to 1 mm around the restoration margins, and the apices were sealed with wax. The teeth underwent 1500 thermal cycles and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. They were then immersed in 1 M silver nitrate in the dark, rinsed with water, immersed in developing solution for 12 h, and exposed to fluorescent light. Next, they were mesiodistally sectioned, and digitally photographed under a stereomicroscope at ×10 magnification. The dye penetration depth was measured by a blind observer, and analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test (α = .05). No significant difference existed in microleakage between the two composite groups at the enamel (p = .76) or dentin (p = .16) margins. In both composite groups, microleakage at the dentin margins was significantly greater than that at the enamel margins (p = .000). Considering the absence of a significant difference in microleakage, SonicFill bulk-fill composite can be used as an alternative to Filtek Z250 conventional composite for restoration of primary molars to benefit from its advantages such as simpler and faster application.

Physico-Mechanical Characteristics of Ormocer and Bulk Fill Composite Resin Restorative Materials: An in-vitro Study

Introduction: Bulk Fill (BF) resins and Ormocers are recently introduced composite restorative materials in order to overcome the disadvantage of polymerisation shrinkage exhibited by most of the conventional resin-based composites. Aim: To evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of Organically Modified Ceramics (Ormocers) in comparison with BF composite resin restorative material. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 20 human extracted premolars were allocated into two groups of 10 each. ORM (Group-1 Admira fusion, n=10) and BF (Group-2 Filtek BF, n=10) composite materials were used to prepare and restore Class-V cavities. The teeth were subjected to thermocycling and immersed in 1% methylene blue dye solution. Along the lateral walls of each sectioned specimen, depth of dye penetration was measured under the stereo microscope. A total of 20 rectangular (25x2x2 mm) and 20 disc (10x2 mm) shaped specimens of the above-mentioned materials were fabricated. Specimens of Flexural Strength (FS) were tested with the universal testing machine and Vickers hardness tester used for Surface Hardness (SH) evaluation. The data was statistically analysed using an unpaired t-test. Results: Total of 20 extracted premolars were analysed. On inter-group comparison, it was observed that mean dye penetration was lowest for Group-1 (0.6±0.69) compared to Group-2 (2±0.81) and the difference observed was statistically significant (p=0.001). BF exhibited a lower FS of 211.69±43.9 compared to Ormocer 326.19±90.3, the difference is statistically significant (p=0.001). However, BF exhibited a higher SH of 38.3±0.15 compared to Ormocer 33.70±0.86, and the difference is statistically significant (p-value&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Ormocer exhibited improved marginal integrity and also higher FS compared to BF resin restorative materials. However, BF exhibited higher SH values compared to Ormocer.

Microleakage Assessment of Composite Restorations in Class V Cavities by Using Different Techniques – An In Vitro Study

Background Till date no restorative material has the capability to completely bond to the tooth structure without forming marginal gaps. This article describes about different restorative techniques in placing composite to reduce polymerization shrinkage.Aims and objectives The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate microleakage of Class V cavities restored with two different techniques using dye penetration method and to determine better technique for placing composites which can increase the longevity of restoration by minimizing polymerization shrinkage.Methods Thirty extracted human premolar teeth were selected and Class V cavities were prepared. They were then randomly divided into two groups Group A- Snow plow technique and Group B- Control group. Composite restorations were done using two different techniques. All the samples were thermocycled and subjected to cyclic loading. Nail polish varnish was applied were immersed in dye for 24 hours and were sectioned buccolingually into two halves. The sectioned samples were subjected to stereomicroscopic investigation and depth of dye penetration was analysed according to scoring system. Statistical analysis using Statistical Package for Social Science SPSS software was done.Results No statistical variance was found in the microleakage scores between Group A and Group B and between the two techniques followed for restoration. Conclusion Placement of thin film of flowable composite under main bulk fill composite in Class V cavities did not decrease the microleakage rates resulting in decreased longevity of restorations

Evaluation of the polymerization shrinkage of different resin cements under the zirconia crowns, using stereomicroscope and Scanning electron microscope

The goal of this in vitro investigation was to assess the microleakage caused by polymerization shrinkage of four different resin cements, which were used for cementation of monolithic zirconia crown on prepared maxillary and mandibular first premolar extracted for orthodontic purpose. The microleakage was analysed by dye staining, followed by evaluation via optical method using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. Following statistical analysis of the results, it was discovered that all of the tested luting cements exhibit a sizable degree of polymerization shrinkage. The depth of dye penetration also showed high degree of correlation with polymerization shrinkage. However, the magnitude of correlation varied among the different groups.

Effect of Er:YAG laser pretreatment on glass-ceramic surface in vitro.

This study investigated the feasibility of using an Er:YAG laser to pretreat glass-ceramic surface and evaluate the effect of the treatment on the bonding strength and marginal adaptation between glass-ceramic and dentin. Glass-ceramic samples (CEREC Blocs) and third molars were cut into 6mm × 6mm × 2mm plates. Thirty ceramic plates were randomly divided into 5 groups: group A (control), group B (pretreated with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid [HF]), group C (pretreated with the Er:YAG laser at 300mJ and 15Hz), group D (pretreated with the Er:YAG laser at 400mJ and 15Hz), and group E (pretreated with the Er:YAG laser at 500mJ and 15Hz). The surface morphologies of the samples in each group were studied under a scanning electron microscope, and the sample displaying optimal etching parameters was selected for subsequent experiments. Based on the surface treatments, 30 ceramic and dentin plates were randomly allocated into 3 groups: the control, laser, and acid-etching groups. After bonding a ceramic plate to a dentin plate, the microleakage and bonding strength were measured, and the pretreatment effects of the Er:YAG laser and 9.6% HF were compared. Group E exhibited an etching effect that was more pronounced and uniform than that in groups C and D. Microleakage and bonding strength analyses revealed that the laser and acid-etching groups differed significantly from the control group in dye penetration depth and shear strength (P < 0.05), although the laser and acid-etching groups did not differ from each other. Both 9.6% hydrofluoric acid and Er:YAG laser pretreatments can coarsen glass-ceramic surfaces, improve the marginal adaptation and bonding strength between the glass-ceramic and dentin, and decrease microleakage of the materials. The two treatments showed no apparent differences in pretreatment outcomes.

Enzymatic treatments for improved dyeing of solid wood

Abstract Full penetration-dyed solid wood has the advantage that furniture or other items fabricated from it do not require additional painting or staining. However, anatomical barriers along potential dye infiltration pathways may result in unsatisfactory dyeing in terms of depth of dye penetration or colour intensity and uniformity. Dyed wood items, even those intended for interior use, should also possess a certain degree of water fastness. In the present paper, full-thickness dyeing of radiata pine blocks was achieved with fibre-reactive and direct dyes as well as pine tannin. Leaching of the treated blocks in cold water removed excess dye but the target colours were well retained. Pectinase pre-treatment of wood blocks was shown to increase the uptake of fibre-reactive and direct dyes by tracheid cell walls and the uptake of tannin by rays, resin canals, and tracheid lumina. In the case of a direct dye and pine tannin, pectinase treatment markedly increased the intensity of the target colours. Combining tannin with laccase to achieve covalent bonding of tannin to wood lignin was associated with a small, albeit not statistically significant, shift towards the target colour.

Sealing ability of two root-end filling materials at different retro-preparation lengths.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sealing performance, expressed as microleakage (ML), of two root-end filling materials when used at different retro-preparation lengths. Fifty single-rooted human teeth were collected for the study. The teeth were cut at the cement-enamel junction and endodontic treatment was performed. Each root was cut at 3 mm from the apex and then stored in wet condition. The teeth were divided into three groups according to the retro-preparation length: control group (no retro-preparation); group 1 (retro-preparation of 3 mm); group 2 (retro-preparation of 9 mm). The teeth were equally allocated to either Biodentine or Super EBA treatment group. The teeth were immersed in 3% methylene blue dye solution for 24 h. The samples were split longitudinally and the depth of dye penetration was examined through light microscopy. No significant statistical differences were found at different retro-preparation lengths (P > 0.05). Differences were found between materials (P > 0.05). Biodentine showed significantly lower ML when compared to Super-EBA and no statistical significative differences were observed when samples were retro-prepared at 3 mm or 9 mm.

Evaluation of Sealing Ability of Calcium Silicate Materials with Diode Laser for Root Furcation Repair

Background Inadequate furcation repair often leads to tooth loss due to accompanying endodontic and periodontal problems. An appropriate material and technique can prevent this. This study aimed to evaluate the sealing ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate MTA Glass Ionomer Cement GIC and Biodentine as a furcation repair material with and without laser.Methods Ninety human extracted mandibular molars were decoronated 3 mm above and below the cementoenamel junction. After access opening sticky wax was placed over the canal orifices. A defect of 1 mm diameter was made the chamber and perforation were flushed with water and dried. Further the specimens were divided into six groups based on the furcation repair materials used n 15. Group 1 MTA with laser Group 2 MTA Group 3 GIC with laser Group 4 GIC Group 5 Biodentine with laser and Group 6 Biodentine. In groups 1 3 and 5 diode 810 laser irradiation was done for furcal defect before placing the materials. Specimens were subjected to 2 methylene blue for 48 hr washed sectioned mesiodistally and depth of dye penetration was examined under stereomicroscope. Statistical software SPSS version 22 was used for analysis. One way analysis of variance followed by Post hoc Tukey multiple comparison test was done p le0.05.Results Among the experimental materials less microleakage was observed with laser activation than without using laser. Biodentine with laser Group 5 showed less microleakage which was statistically significant compared to all the other groups except group 6 i.e Biodentine without laser.Conclusion Biodentine with laser activation was effective in furcation repair and in prevention of microleakage.nbsp

Comparative study on the efficacy of OliNano Seal and Curodont D’Senz in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (clinical trial and in vitro study)

ABSTRACTPurpose:The present study was carried out to assess and compare the efficacy of OliNano Seal (OS) and Curodont D’Senz (CS) in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) and the reduction of dentin permeability.Materials and Methods:The current study was a single-blinded, clinical trial and in vitro study using OS and CS in the treatment of DH. A total of 72 hypersensitive teeth were selected from 18 patients and randomly divided into two groups. Prior to the desensitizing agent’s application (the baseline), as well as immediately, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 3 months afterward, the evaluated materials were applied. Patients were instructed to use the visual analogue scale (VAS) to score their perception of tactile, air, and cold stimuli (VAS). In total, 90 samples were used for the evaluation, and they were randomly divided into two main groups: group A1, which had the smear layer fully removed, and group A2, which had the smear layer partially removed. According to the desensitizing agent used, each group was divided into three subgroups: OS, CS, and the control group that was left untreated. The results of the dentin permeability test were analyzed using the analysis of variance test, whereas the pain scores were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test.Results:The study showed that there was a high statistically significant difference between pain scores prior to and after the application of both tested desensitizing agents. Permeability results revealed a high statistically significant difference between the study groups, with the lowest statistically significant mean depth of dye penetration found with OS-treated samples.Conclusion:OS and CS were both effective in the treatment of DH and the reduction of dentin permeability, with OS being more effective within 1 week and sustained up to 3 months.

Estimation of the autoclave and different surface treatments on microleakage between soft liner and heat-cured acrylic

Objective: The present study was oriented to estimate the effect of different surface treatments on the microleakage between the soft liner and acrylic with and without the use of autoclave as disinfection method. Material and Methods: Sixty samples were split into two groups: the autoclaved groups and non-autoclaved groups. Each one subdivided into three groups: first one without any treatments as a control group; in the second group surface of the samples were treated with CO2 laser (10.6 nm wavelength for 15 seconds), and in the third group the surface was treated with sandblasting. All the samples exposed to thermocycling, then the microleakage test was evaluated by gauging dye penetration depth between the soft liner and acrylic disc using a digital microscope. Data analyzed statistically by One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests. In addition, t-test was used for comparison between two groups . Results: The maximum mean values for the microleakage were observed in the untreated group (control) followed by the group treated by CO2 laser and the lowest mean value of microleakage was related to the third group for both non-autoclaved and autoclaved groups with significant differences among them. In addition, depending on the use of autoclave, there was non-significant in all studied groups. Conclusions: There was a decrease in the microleakage when the surface treated with CO2 laser and sandblast. The use of autoclave did not badly change the microleakage between the soft liner and denture base. Keywords Microleakage; Soft liner; Autoclave; CO2 laser; Sandblast.

Microleakage comparison in temporary restorative materials in complex endodontic cavity

To compare the mean microleakage (in millimeters) around two temporary restorative materials (zinc-oxide based versus light-cure resin based) at tooth-temporary restoration and temporary-permanent restoration interfaces, within the complex endodontic access cavities in the extracted human teeth. Thirty teeth randomly allocated into 2 experimental groups in this in-vitro experimental study. Teeth in each group had conventional class II cavities prepared and restored with the composite filling. After 14 days of aging in saline, complex endodontic access cavities were prepared in these teeth. This was followed by placement of either of the temporary restorative materials to seal the access cavities. After immersion in 1% methylene blue dye, teeth were sectioned and observed under stereomicroscope (magnification X25.6) Measurement was made at two interfaces ‘a’ and ‘b’ (temporary restoration-tooth and temporary restoration-pre-existing restoration), respectively. Depth of dye penetration in millimeters was recorded as the microleakage. Independent sample t-test was applied to compare the mean difference in dye penetration measurements in the two study groups at interfaces ‘a’ and ‘b's. A p-value of < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Light-cure resin-based material showed microleakage of 0.14 ±0.26 mm at interface ‘a’ and 0.07 ±0.17 mm at ‘b’, respectively. Whereas zinc-oxide based temporary restorative material showed microleakage of 0.54 ±0.42 mm at ‘a’ and 0.88 ±0.51 mm at ‘b’ interface. In complex endodontic access cavity, compared to zinc-oxide based material, light-cure resin-based material showed significantly less microleakage at the tooth-temporary restoration and pre-existing permanent filling-temporary restoration interfaces.

An in-vitro comparative evaluation of microleakage between giomer, compomer, composite and resin-modified GIC

Introduction: The marginal ingress of oral fluids and bacteria between the tooth – restoration interface is termed as microleakage or marginal leakage. The ability to maintain an unfailing margin improves the durability of a restoration to a large extend. Aim: Aim of this study was to evaluate microleakage of a Giomer, Hybrid composite, Compomer and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) along the enamel and cemental margins of class V cavities. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was performed on 80 human maxillary and mandibular premolars which were extracted for orthodontic reasons. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of teeth centered on the Cemento Enamel Junction (CEJ). Teeth were divided into four groups of 20 each and restored with RMGIC, Giomer, Compomer and Hybrid composite and were subjected to thermocycling. Teeth were then immersed in 0.5% Methylene blue dye for 24 hours. They were sectioned longitudinally from the middle of cavity into mesial and distal parts. The sections were observed under stereomicroscope(SM) to evaluate microleakage at both enamel and cemental margins. Depth of dye penetration was measured using a scoring system. Statistical Analysis: The data was analysed using the one-way ANOVA (Analysis of variance) test. The result is considered statistically significant if the ‘p’ value obtained is Results: The microleakage values of Giomer, Compomer and Hybrid Composite do not differ significantly from each other at the enamel margins while the microleakage of RMGIC is significantly higher than the other three materials (p Conclusion: At the enamel margins, giomer, compomer and hybrid composite showed comparable microleakage values which were significantly lower than RMGIC. At the cemental margins, compomer and hybrid composite showed significantly lower microleakage values compared to giomer and RMGIC. All materials exhibited greater microleakage at the cemental margins than at the enamel margins.

Effect of Application of Natural versus Synthetic Desensitizing Agents on Dentin Permeability

Purpose: This in vitro study was established to compare the effect of natural versus synthetic desensitizing agents on dentin permeability. Materials and Methods: Class V cavity preparation was done on the labial surface of 40 premolars for cervical dentin assessment, while for coronal dentin; class I cavity was prepared on the occlusal of 40 premolars. Cavities were etched with phosphoric acid then classified according to treatment either by Bio active glass, Pro-Argin, Moringa extract or untreated (control). The dentin permeability was done using dye penetration test with Evans blue dye. The depth of dye penetration in dentin was examined using stereomicroscope. Results: The results showed that the lowest statistically significant mean depth of dye penetration values were found with Bio active glass followed by Pro-Argin, then Moringa extract. Conclusion: Among the three treatment modalities, Bio active glass and Pro-Argin can be considered as effective materials in the management of hypersensitivity

In Vitro Microleakage Evaluation of Bioceramic and Zinc-Eugenol Sealers with Two Obturation Techniques

Aim of the study is to compare the quality of the apical seal offered by a zinc-eugenol and a tricalcium-silicate-based sealer, both used with the single-cone or with the continuous wave of condensation technique. Forty central incisors were divided into four groups (n = 10), according to the two sealers and the two obturation techniques under investigation, and their outer surface was isolated with nail varnish. After endodontic treatment, samples were immersed in methylene blue dye for 72 h, then included in self-curing resin and sectioned to longitudinally expose the canal apical third. The depth of dye penetration was measured in each group. Mean values were compared by two-way-ANOVA test. Multiple comparisons were performed by Tukey test. The level of significance was set at 0.05 in all tests. The continuous wave of condensation technique led to reduced microleakage. Moreover, dye penetration values were reduced for the tricalcium-silicate sealer. In terms of microleakage, the warm continuous wave of condensation technique seems promising even when combined to a bioceramic sealer.