In-depth Interviews Research Articles

Understanding the Nexus Between Climate Change, Dwindling Agro-Pastoral Resources, and Conflicts in Kouoptamo, Cameroon

Climate variability and change are a major threat to rain-fed agro-pastoral systems in Africa and a potential source of conflict. This work sets out to examine the relationship between climate variability, resource degradation, and agro-pastoral conflicts. Using mixed research methods, secondary data was collected from archives and reports in institutions while primary data was collected through the administration of 120 questionnaires to purposively selected farmers and grazers while 09 in-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of data revealed that climatic elements of rainfall and temperature have been varying in space and time with negative impacts on water and pasture. The regression model considered climate variability as a predictor of resource degradation and the independent variable explained the outcome variable at R=0.711; R2=0. 633; ΔR2=0.622;p<0.01. Also, climate variability was able to predict agro-pastoral conflicts at, R=0.736; R2=0.542; ΔR2=0.540;p<0.01. Climate-exacerbated conflicts have been recorded in Mbankouop (40.9%), Njogoumbe (31.8%) and Njitapon (27.25). Conflicts occur between crop farmers and pastoralists and between pastoralists themselves as they compete over diminishing resources. Hence, understanding the nexus between climate change, resource scarcity and conflicts paves the way for proper adaptation and limits conflicts.

Exploring commercial sex work among transgender women in Nepal: Contributors and stigma-A mixed-method study.

Transgender women are considered as one of the most vulnerable populations for commercial sex work and sexually transmitted infections. This mixed-method study aimed to explore the factors associated with commercial sex work among transgender women of Nepal along with their experience and the stigma associated with it. A concurrent mixed-methods approach was employed in this cross-sectional study conducted from July to December 2022 in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal. A total of 152 transgender women participated in the quantitative survey, and 17 of them were selected for in-depth interviews (IDIs). The chi-square test was employed at a 5% level of significance to identify factors associated with commercial sex work. Qualitative data from the IDIs were thematically analyzed, with key themes emerging around reasons for engaging in sex work and the stigma associated with it including the Silence, Shame, and Dignity & Treatment domains under sex work stigma. Out of 152 transgender women, 104 (64%; 95% CI: 60.5-75.0%) were found to be currently working as a commercial sex worker. Factors such as education, household wealth, homelessness, history of sexual and verbal abuse, including rape and physical attacks, and socialization with others were found to have a statistically significant relation with commercial sex work at p<0.05. Despite engagement in commercial sex work, a higher proportion experienced sex work stigma under the Sex Work Stigma Scale. The findings, derived from both quantitative and qualitative studies, emphasize the urgency of targeted interventions to alleviate the challenges faced by this marginalized population. The observed higher proportion of commercial sex work and sex work stigma underscores the pervasive social challenges of transgender women. A comprehensive and coordinated effort is essential, bringing together governmental, private sector, and public awareness initiatives to effectively manage stigma and address the underlying causes of commercial sex work.

Assessing Adherence to Lifestyle Changes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Assessment of Psychological, Social and Clinical Determinants

Purpose: This study aims to systematically evaluate the multidimensional determinants of lifestyle change compliance in patients with type 2 diabetes, establish a prediction model integrating psychological, social and clinical characteristics, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of personalized intervention strategies. Methods: Mixed research methods were used, including cross-sectional questionnaire survey (n=300) and in-depth interviews (n=30). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationship between psychological factors (self-efficacy, health beliefs, etc.), social support system, clinical indicators and compliance. Thematic analysis was used to explore patients' subjective experiences and barriers. Results: The study found that compliance was significantly related to multiple factors, including: (1) psychological resilience and self-management ability; (2) family support and quality of doctor-patient communication; (3) disease severity and complications. The established predictive model explained 60% of the variation in compliance. Conclusion: This study shows that improving the compliance of patients with type 2 diabetes with lifestyle changes requires a multi-level intervention strategy that focuses on psychological empowerment, optimization of support systems, and personalized clinical management. This comprehensive model provides new ideas for clinical practice.

Analisis Penerapan Kode Etik pada Guru BK

Implementing a code of ethics is a crucial aspect in the Guidance and Counseling (BK) teaching profession, considering their vital role in helping students overcome various personal, social, academic and career problems. This research aims to analyze the implementation of the code of ethics for guidance and counseling teachers in secondary schools, as well as identifying the obstacles and strategies faced in its implementation. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation.

Gambaran Kondisi Psikologis dan Coping Stres Staf Klinik IPWL BNN RI dalam Melayani Klien Penyalahgunaan Narkoba

The number of drug users in Indonesia tends to increase every year, which leads to a rise in the number of cases that need to be handled by various related institutions, including the clinics of the Compulsory Reporting Institution (IPWL) of BNN RI. This study aims to describe the psychological condition and stress coping strategies used by the staff of IPWL BNN RI clinics in dealing with work pressures while serving clients with drug abuse problems. A qualitative approach with a phenomenological method was used to explore the staff’s subjective experiences regarding work-related stress and how they cope with it. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with two subjects and two informants who are clinic staff members. The results of the study indicate that the primary sources of stress stem from workload and difficult client demands. The staff employ two main coping strategies, namely emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping. Although the stress experienced is quite significant, both subjects are able to manage it well, ensuring that it does not affect their overall performance.

Creative Strategy Analysis of SWJ Ambassador Tourism Village Promotion Content (Case Study of Creative Strategy Analysis of Tourism Village Promotion Content by Instagram Account @_nikenaf)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tourism in West Java is very diverse, ranging from massive tourist destinations and alternative tourism. One form of alternative tourism is a tourist village. The presence of a tourist village is an alternative for people who want to visit the beauty and uniqueness of a particular place. Various kinds of tourist villages in West Java have been widely exposed on social media through various kinds of creative content of ordinary social media users and content creators. The West Java Provincial Government formed a community tasked with reaching out to tourist villages and promoting them through social media, the community was named Smilling West Java Ambassador (SWJ Ambassador). The mechanism carried out by SWJ Ambassadors in carrying out promotional activities for tourist villages in West Java is by creating creative content in the form of videos or photos through each ambassador's Instagram. The conceptual framework used includes Creative Content Promotion Strategy in SOSTAC Analysis, social media, SWJ Ambassador program. This research uses a constructivist paradigm with a case study method on creative content promotion of tourist villages by the Instagram account @aqqiki_. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews with informants and observation of tourist villages that became objects in the selected content. The results found that SWJ Ambassador @_nikenaf carried out a creative content strategy with the SOSTAC model (Situation, Objective, Strategy, Tactics, Actions, Control) and with limited capabilities and the absence of a creative team, sometimes the results and consistency of making promotional content were less massive.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Produk Fashion dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Pedagang Fashion di Era Persaingan Digital Perspektif Bisnis Islam Studi Kasus Pasar Tradisional Modern (PTM)

ModernTraditional Market (PTM) of Bengkulu City based on the 4P concept (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) and the STP approach (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning) in an effort to increase income and compete in the digital era. In addition, this study also explores the application of Islamic values ​​​​in the marketing strategies applied. To test this, researchers used qualitative methods with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies. From the results of the study, the results of the study indicate that the 4P-based marketing strategy (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) is well implemented by traders in PTM Bengkulu City. Traders are able to adjust products to developing trends, set flexible prices, rely on physical stores for distribution, and carry out traditional promotions. Meanwhile, in the application of STP (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning), traders apply segmentation based on demographics and shopping behavior, targeting certain segments such as teenagers and the lower middle class, and positioning quality products that are relevant to trends but remain affordable. Islamic values ​​including shiddiq (honest), amanah (trustworthy), tabligh (transparently conveying information), and fathanah (intelligent) are also applied by traders in their marketing strategies. The application of these values ​​helps build consumer trust and maintain good long-term relationships. Thus, this marketing strategy not only helps traders in facing digital competition, but also creates consumer integrity and loyalty.

Ecovillage scale-up and its well-being challenges: a case study from Norway

Ecovillages are settlements that aim to combine human well-being and environmental sustainability. They serve as sites of social learning for sustainable consumption practices and may inspire lifestyle changes in mainstream society. However, most ecovillages fail in the first few years of establishment. Through an in-depth study of a Norwegian ecovillage’s efforts at expansion, this article explores the factors that adversely affected the well-being of ecovillage residents and threatened the community’s survival. The study applies mixed methods combining needs-based workshops, a well-being survey, and in-depth interviews. The transformation of the ecovillage into a larger settlement with modern houses was driven by a developer and with minimal involvement of residents. The resulting divergence in visions and values, coupled with structural problems of the homes, led to protracted conflicts, and resulted in the developer’s bankruptcy. The study identifies strong social institutions and affordable infrastructures as crucial elements for both well-being and the success of ecovillages.

Potensi Curug Cinulang Sebagai Wisata Berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Bandung

His research uses qualitative research methods to determine the potential of Curug Cinulang as a sustainable tourist destination in Bandung Regency. By using the triple bottom line concept which includes economic, environmental and social aspects, this research examines how tourism management at Curug Cinulang can provide balanced benefits for the surrounding community, the natural environment and the local economy. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews with various stakeholders, field observations, and document analysis. The results of the research show that management involving the active participation of local communities not only improves economic welfare through the creation of jobs and business opportunities, but also encourages the preservation of the natural environment around water. plunge. In addition, community involvement in tourism management creates a sense of shared ownership and responsibility, thereby strengthening social cohesion. These results show that Curug Cinulanghas great potential to develop sustainable tourism that provides long-term benefits for all stakeholders..

The landscape and level of alcohol policy enforcement in Tanzania.

Harmful use of alcohol causes more deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa than in any other region. In Tanzania, where alcohol use disorders rates are twice the overall African average, harmful alcohol consumption is a public health concern. Given the lack of a contemporary overview of the alcohol policy landscape, we conducted a mixed-methods review of key alcohol-related policies, implementers, and initiatives in Tanzania. We conducted a desk-based review of policy-related documents, and in-depth interviews with eight key informants guided by the 10-composite-indicator framework of a tool for measuring alcohol policy implementation developed by World Health Organization. Representatives were from health-service delivery, community-based organizations, governmental organizations, research, and policymakers whose work is related to alcohol in Tanzania. Data was collected in June and October 2022, and finalized in March 2023. Findings were analyzed using Microsoft Word v2021. Themes were identified, collected, combined, and tabulated. Differences were then resolved by first and second authors. Our findings revealed no single comprehensive national alcohol policy. Pending finalization of a draft policy, various documents and actors govern alcohol production, distribution, licensing, and consumption. Little intersectoral linkage between entities contributes to poor enforcement of these regulations. Regulation is stronger in urban areas, and restrictions more effective on industrial alcohol. However, the majority of consumed alcohol in Tanzania is informally-produced, especially in rural settings. Socio-cultural context plays a key role in alcohol production and consumption, contributing to early-age exposure to alcohol. Alcohol is a growing source of revenue for the Tanzanian government and, therefore, imposing further restrictions is a low priority. There are important policy gaps in various sectors pertaining to alcohol regulation. Our results strongly suggest the need for a comprehensive approach to developing an overarching alcohol policy, with involvement of key stakeholders, stronger enforcement, and increased awareness, resources, and collaborations.

The Current Status and Influencing Factors of Digital Product Use Among Young Children in the Digital Age

The rapid development of digital technology has fundamentally changed family education in the digital age. This study aims to explore the current status of digital product use and influencing factors among children aged 0-6 years. This study examined the prevalence of digital devices, average screen time, and parents' attitudes toward digital technology in early childhood education by conducting a questionnaire survey of 1,477 families in Sichuan Province , China, and in-depth interviews with four families. The results show that digital products are widely present in families and parents recognize their educational value, but also face challenges in content, time, and online safety management. Differences in parents' digital literacy levels further affect their ability to support children's digital activities. This study recommends the development of a comprehensive parent education program, the establishment of a high-quality digital resource platform, and the strengthening of family guidance to optimize the use of digital technology in early childhood education. The findings contribute to the global discussion on digital literacy, early childhood development, and family education.

Legitimacy and professional boundaries: An institutional analysis of Chinese Medicine in Mainland China and Hong Kong.

The legitimacy of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) and their integration into mainstream healthcare have long been a topic in sociological discussions. This study examines the institutional influences on Chinese medicine (CM), an important CAM in mainland China and Hong Kong. In-depth interviews with practitioners and observations in public hospitals facilitate a comparison of the professional boundaries, statuses, and jurisdictions of CM in the two regions. In mainland China, CM has a high degree of state-granted legitimacy with blurred professional boundaries between CM and Western medicine (WM) in a highly integrated healthcare system. However, these blurred boundaries have had the following unintended consequences: (i) devaluation of traditional knowledge in CM education and practices, (ii) biomedicalisation of CM practices wherein a substantial reliance on WM has decreased the utilisation of healing principles in CM and (iii) ambiguity in the efficacy of CM due to the co-use of CM and WM. In contrast, the demarcated professional boundaries in Hong Kong have allowed CM to maintain its knowledge base, even though CM is practised within strict parameters. This study reveals that institutional requirements (on efficiency, accountability and profitability) prioritise the biomedical model and drive the biomedicalisation of CM. Therefore, the lack of clear professional boundaries in the current integrative medical system in mainland China have eroded the knowledge base of CM and undermined the efficacy-based legitimacy of CM.

Community Typology and Voting Behavior in Elections: A Political Sociology Perspective

Regional head elections (Pilkada) are a democratic process that reflects the social dynamics of society in choosing leaders in regional elections, using a sociological approach to understand the social facts of society. This research aims to analyze typologies that influence voter preferences. This research uses qualitative methods with a case study approach in several regions that hold regional elections. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation studies. The research results show that society can be classified into several typologies, such as pragmatic voters, ideological voters, and traditional voters. Pragmatic voters tend to vote based on personal interests or direct benefits, while ideological voters place more emphasis on the candidate's vision, mission and work program. Meanwhile, traditional voters are influenced by cultural factors, kinship, or personal relationships with candidates. Social factors such as campaign intensity, influence of public figures, and access to information also play an important role in shaping voter preferences. These findings show that voting behavior patterns are not only determined by rational aspects, but also by social and cultural values ​​inherent in society. This research makes an important contribution in understanding voter behavior from a sociological perspective, which can be a reference for stakeholders in designing political strategies that are more inclusive and responsive to community needs. Apart from that, the results of this research can also enrich the study of political sociology, especially in the context of local democracy in Indonesia.

Challenges of Parenting in the Digital Era: A Review from the Perspective of Islamic Family Law

This study examines the challenges of child-rearing within Muslim families in the digital era, focusing specifically on the perspective of Islamic family law. The research addresses Muslim parents' complex issues in adapting Islamic family law principles to parenting practices compatible with digital realities. The study aims to identify significant challenges encountered in digital parenting and to propose relevant legal recommendations to support Muslim families. Using a qualitative approach with data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, observations, and focus group discussions, the study involved 30 Muslim families, Islamic scholars, and legal experts. The findings reveal that critical challenges include difficulties in the digital supervision of children, low digital literacy among parents, and value conflicts between Islam and digital culture. The study highlights the need for supportive legal adaptations that preserve Islamic character education within the digital context, helping safeguard children's ethics and morals. Effective strategies include balanced surveillance technology aligning with Islamic values and implementing digital use guidelines. The study's implications emphasize the importance of collaboration among legal experts, policymakers, and stakeholders to establish a responsive legal framework addressing digital challenges and supporting Muslim families in integrating child-rearing with religious teachings.

Smart Tree Media: Solusi Kreatif dalam Menguatkan Akhlak Terpuji Siswa

This research aims to explore the effectiveness of Smart Tree Media in increasing the understanding and practice of commendable morals in class V students at SD Al-Hidayah Ciumbuleuit. Using qualitative methods, through participatory observation and in-depth interviews with 10 students, it was found that the use of Smart Tree Media was successful in increasing learning motivation and helping students understand and apply commendable moral values ​​in everyday life. Smart Tree Media is in line with the principles of constructivism, Kohlberg's theory, and social constructivism, which involves students actively in learning. Students become more enthusiastic in discussing, sharing opinions, and relating theory to real experience, increasing their understanding. In addition, this method motivates students to express creativity and personal experiences in visual form, deepening their understanding of good morals. Smart Tree Media also helps develop critical, reflective and creative thinking skills. In conclusion, Smart Tree Media has great potential to increase students' understanding of good morals, although further research is needed to determine its long-term impact on students' character.

Proses Penerimaan Diri Wanita Penyintas Bipolar di Yogyakarta

Bipolar survivors often face extreme mood swings, where ODB (people with bipolar) will experience a mania phase characterized by increased energy and activity, and the opposite depressive phase, which causes decreased energy and the emergence of depressive symptoms. This condition is certainly a challenge for providers in carrying out daily activities. Self-acceptance is an important key for ODB to get through critical periods and kontrol emotional stability in order to achieve a more optimal quality of life. This study aims to explore the dynamics of the self-acceptance process in women with bipolar type 1 who have been diagnosed since 2013. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach to explore more deeply the subject's experience related to the self-acceptance process. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with a housewife who has two children and has lived with bipolar for more than 10 years. Despite facing major challenges, the subject managed to empower herself. The results of the study showed that self-acceptance in bipolar disorder is a complex process. The results showed that the subject had gone through five stages of self-acceptance according to the Kübler-Ross &amp; Kessler model, namely denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and finally acceptance. In addition, the results of the study showed that supporting factors in this process include support systems, both social and emotional support from the family, as well as psychotherapy assistance that helps subjects identify problems more objectively.

Evaluasi Program Pemberdayaan Lembaga Kemasyaratan dalam Peningkatan Teknologi Tepat Guna pada Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa Kabupaten Malinau, Provinsi Kalimantan Utara

The purpose of this study is to analyze and identify community empowerment programs in improving appropriate technology at the Malinau Regency Community and Village Empowerment Office using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) method. The method used uses a qualitative method with a survey design and in-depth interviews. Data was collected through interviews with resource persons of the head of the office, secretary, head of the field, staff of the empowerment office and the community. The results of data analysis show that the CIPP evaluation of the community empowerment program through appropriate technology in Malinau Regency shows effectiveness in increasing community independence and productivity despite various challenges. The input evaluation indicates the need for transparent management of funds and resources, active participation, and the use of technology that is appropriate to local conditions. In terms of process, program implementation adhered to SOPs, increased community safety and satisfaction, and training was effective in enhancing skills. The product evaluation showed that the program succeeded in increasing the capacity and independence of the institution and had a positive impact on community welfare. Challenges include limited access to technology, resources, and lack of training and collaboration, but enabling factors such as government support, planning, and distribution of tools remain key strengths in implementation.

Kuliner Lokal Bali sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata: Pengembangan di Candi Tebing Tegallinggah, Gianyar Bali

This study aims to identify the potential of local Balinese cuisine as a tourist attraction at Tebing Tegallinggah Temple, Gianyar, Bali. This temple is a historical site that has great potential to be developed as a cultural-based tourism destination, but currently the use of local cuisine as a tourism element is still not optimal. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation with various parties, including visitors, local culinary business actors, and tourism stakeholders. The results of the study show that tourists have a high interest in traditional Balinese cuisine, but there are limitations in terms of facilities, promotion, and coordination between related parties. With the right strategy, such as improving infrastructure, training for business actors, and effective promotion, local cuisine can be integrated more deeply into the tourism experience at Tebing Tegallinggah Temple. This study concludes that the development of local cuisine will not only increase tourist attractions, but also support the preservation of culture and the economic welfare of the local community.

"…but I know something's not right here": Exploring the diagnosis and disclosure experiences of persons living with ALS.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), an incurable motor neuron disease, primarily affects those between the ages of 60-79, and has an approximate post-diagnosis life-expectancy of only two to five years. The condition has an unpredictable but ultimately terminal trajectory that poses challenges for patients, caregivers and healthcare providers. While the diagnosis and disclosure are critical periods for intervention and support, knowledge regarding the relational, communicational and psychodynamic forces that occur within the process of diagnostic disclosure is relatively limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of persons living with ALS in the diagnosis and disclosure of the condition, with the support of their caregivers. We conducted a focus group and in-depth individual interviews with people living with ALS (n = 9), and caregivers (n = 9). The interviews were transcribed, cleaned, and anonymized, and then entered into NVivo 11 for thematic analysis. Participants discussed the diagnostic process, including inklings and subtle changes prior to diagnosis, attempts at self-diagnosis, and the lengthy assessment process. Time was also a consideration in the diagnostic disclosure process, in which participants shared how the disclosure was the product of longstanding conversations with their care providers. It was described as rarely a shock to finally have confirmation. Participants shared their information seeking strategies and needs for a diagnosis that, for them, typically came with insufficient information on the disease, prognosis, and next steps. This project serves as a step in bridging the relevant gaps in our knowledge and understanding towards improved person-centered care practices in the diagnosis and disclosure of ALS.

CULTURAL VALUE ANALYSIS AT MADRASAH ALIYAH TAHFIDZ AL-QUR'AN ENVIRONMENT

This study aims to analyze the role of culture at Madrasah Aliyah Tahfidz Al-Qur'an Pesanggaran Banyuwangi in an effort to understand the cultural values in shaping student character and maintaining the sustainability of local culture. The research method used was qualitative by conducting in-depth interviews with school principals, teachers, administrative staff, and students. The interview results showed that the madrasa has a strong commitment to maintaining and strengthening cultural values in the educational environment, such as honesty, hard work, social awareness, and respect for local traditions. The main findings included the integration of cultural values in learning, the active role of all stakeholders in promoting cultural values, and students’ awareness of the importance of local culture The main challenge faced was the influence of globalization and technology which could divert students’ attention from local cultural values. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed to promote cultural values and increase students’ understanding and appreciation of local culture. This study contributes to an understandings of the role of culture in education and shows how an educational institution can become an agent for the maintenance and development of local culture.