Depth Angle Research Articles

Auswirkungen auf den vorderen Augenabschnitt beim Andocken eines Femtosekundenlasers an das Patienteninterface

Purpose. To compare the intraoperative OCT (optical coherence tomographer) of the femtosecond laser LenSx (Alcon Pharma GmbH, Freiburg) with a Scheimpflug-tomographer and an anterior segment OCT and thus to investigate a possible influence on the anterior segment of the eye when docking the patient’s interface. Material and Methods. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 57 subjects who underwent a planned femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery or refractive lens exchange. The eye to be operated on was measured prior to the operation in mydriasis with the Visante OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena) and the Pentacam AXL (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar). During the surgery, images of the anterior segment of the eye were taken by the integrated intraoperative OCT of the laser, which were evaluated afterwards and compared to the values of the other devices. The parameters examined were the internal anterior chamber depth (ACD), nasal and temporal chamber angles, central corneal thickness (CCT) and central lens thickness (LT). Results. The comparison of the intraoperative OCT and the two other devices showed clinically relevant differences in all parameters. The intraoperative OCT showed a 9.19 ± 27.55 μm larger CCT, 0.96 mm (median difference) larger LT, 0.05 mm smaller ACD than the Pentacam AXL and a 21.36 ± 25.50 μm larger CCT, 0.10 mm (median difference) smaller ACD than the Visante OCT. Conclusion. The comparison of the intraoperative OCT with the Visante OCT and the Pentacam AXL shows clinically relevant differences. Changes in the anterior segment of the eye may be due to errors in measurement or docking of the patient’s interface. Keywords. femtosecond laser, OCT, anterior segment of the eye, cataract surgery, refractive lens exchange

The effect of concha bullosa and nasal septal deviation on palatal dimensions: a cone beam computed tomography study

IntroductionNasal septal deviation (NSD) and concha bullosa (CB) are associated with airway obstruction in mouth breathers. Mouth breathing is associated with alterations in maxillary growth and palatal architecture. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of the presence of CB and NSD on the dimensions of the hard palate using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and methodsA retrospective study was conducted using CBCT scans of 200 study subjects. The study subjects were divided into four groups based on the presence of CB and NSD. Septal deviation angle (SDA), palatal interalveolar length (PIL), palatal depth (PD) and maxillopalatal arch angle (MPAA) were measured in the study groups.ResultsThe presence of NSD and CB was associated with significant (p < 0.001) differences in the palatal dimensions of the study subjects. The PIL and MPA (p < 0.001) were significantly reduced (p < 0.001), whereas the PD was significantly increased (p < 0.001) in study subjects with NSD and CB. There was no significant change in the palatal dimensions between the unilateral and bilateral types of CB. Among the palatal dimensions, the PIL had the most significant association (R2 = 0.53) with SDA and CB. There was a significant correlation between the palatal dimensions and SDA when CB was present along with NSD.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the presence of NSD and CB have a significant effect on the palatal dimensions and, therefore, they may be associated with skeletal malocclusion.

Accuracy and Sheet Thinning Improvement of Deep Titanium Alloy Part with Warm Incremental Sheet-Forming Process

Incremental forming is a recent forming process that allows a sheet to be locally deformed with a hemispherical tool in order to gradually shape it. Despite good lubrication between the sheet and the tip of the smooth hemisphere tool, ductility often occurs, limiting the formability of titanium alloys due to the geometrical inaccuracy of the parts and the inability to form parts with a large depth and wall angle. Several technical solutions are proposed in the literature to increase the working temperature, allowing improvement in the titanium alloys’ formability and reducing the sheet thinning, plastic instability, and failure localization. An experimental procedure and numerical simulation were performed in this study to improve the warm single-point incremental sheet forming of a deep truncated cone in Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy based on the use of heating cartridges. The effect of the depth part (two experiments with a truncated cone having a depth of 40 and 60 mm) at hot temperature (440 °C) on the thickness distribution and sheet shape accuracy are performed. Results show that the formability is significantly improved with the heating to produce a deep part. Small errors are observed between experimental and theoretical profiles. Moreover, errors between experimental and numerical displacements are less than 6%, which shows that the Finite Element (FE) model gives accurate predictions for titanium alloy deep truncated cones.

Geometry of anchoring miniscrew in the lateral palate that support a tissue bone borne maxillary expander affects neighboring root damage

Anchoring miniscrews used for a tissue bone borne maxillary expander (C-expander) can fail if they contact tooth roots or perforate the maxillary sinus. Cone beam computed tomography images were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the geometric factors of miniscrew placement in the palate that contribute to root proximity (RP) and sinus perforation (SP), and to investigate the differences of miniscrew placement depth (PD) and placement angle (PA) among the groups in each variable from 340 anchoring miniscrews on 70 patients whose C-expanders showed sufficient stability after palatal expansion for orthodontic treatment. Two types of miniscrews were used: a self-tapping miniscrew with 1.8 mm-in-diameter, and a self-drilling miniscrew with 1.6 mm-in-diameter. While the self-tapping larger diameter miniscrew influenced root proximity significantly, the screw location and PD affected the rate of sinus perforation. PA was significantly different between the right and left sides of the palate. The results of this study confirmed that root proximity and sinus perforation of anchoring miniscrews in a tissue bone borne palatal expander occurred due to certain risk factors, even when the palates were expanded successfully. Knowledge of these factors can help the clinician place miniscrews with less risk of root proximity or sinus perforation.

Anterior chamber changes assessment by Scheimpflug analysis after intravitreal dexamethasone implantation.

To evaluate structural changes in the anterior chamber and intraocular pressure (IOP) changes following intravitreal dexamethasone implantation. Forty-two eyes of 42 patients that received intravitreal dexamethasone implant for the management of macular edema secondary to diabetic retinopathy or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) were included in the study. IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry. Anterior chamber depth (ACD) and iridocorneal angle (ICA) was measured by a Scheimflug camera (Sirius, CSO, Italy) the day before the injection of the dexamethasone implant and on postoperative day 1, first week, and first month. Mean IOP was 15.14 ± 2.77 mmHg before the procedure and, 15.67 ± 3.70 mmHg, 15.86 ± 3.11 mmHg, 16.21 ± 2.75 mmHg on day 1, first week, and first month following intravitreal dexamethasone implantation, respectively. Mean ICA and ACD were significantly higher in pseudophakic eyes compared to phakic eyes. However, there was no statistically significant change in ICA before and after the procedure (on postoperative day 1, first week, and first month) among both phakic and pseudophakic patients (p = 0.783). Similarly, ACD remained unchanged after the procedure (on postoperative day 1, first week, and first month) compared to the initial measurement (p = 0.802). This study confirmed that there was an increase in IOP. However, these changes were not accompanied with a change in ACD or ICA.

Fabrication of Size- and Shape-Controlled Platinum Cones by Ion-Track Etching and Electrodeposition Techniques for Electrocatalytic Applications

The micro/nanocone structures of noble metals play a critical role as heterogeneous electrocatalysts that provide excellent activity. We successfully fabricated platinum cones by electrodeposition using non-penetrated porous membranes as templates. This method involved the preparation of template membranes by the swift-heavy-ion irradiation of commercially available polycarbonate films and subsequent chemical etching in an aqueous NaOH solution. The surface diameter, depth, aspect ratio and cone angle of the resulting conical pores were controlled in the ranges of approximately 70–1500 nm, 0.7–11 μm, 4–12 and 5–13°, respectively, by varying the etching conditions, which finally produced size- and shape-controlled platinum cones with nanotips. In order to demonstrate the electrocatalytic activity, electrochemical measurements were performed for the ethanol oxidation reaction. The oxidation activity was found to be up to 3.2 times higher for the platinum cone arrays than for the platinum plate. Ion-track etching combined with electrodeposition has the potential to be an effective method for the fabrication of micro/nanocones with high electrocatalytic performance.

Early conformational changes at tumour bed and long term response after neoadjuvant therapy in locally-advanced rectal cancer

ObjectivesTo evaluate how changes in tumour scar depth angle and thickness in the post-neoadjuvant period relate to long-term response in locally-advanced rectal cancer patients. MethodsInformed consent was obtained from all patients and institutional review board approved this retrospective study. Sixty-nine consecutive locally-advanced rectal cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy and were selected for “Watch-and-Wait” were enrolled. Two radiologists, O1 and O2, blindly and independently reviewed the 1st and 2nd post-neoadjuvant therapy pelvic MRI T2-weighted images and recorded depth angle and thickness of the tumour scar. Value changes were calculated by simple subtraction (2nd-1st). Mann-Whitney U test was employed to assess for significant differences between sustained clinical complete responders (SCR), defined as patients with pathologic complete response or clinical complete response with a minimum follow-up of 1 year; and non-sustained complete responders (non-SCR). Interobserver agreement was estimated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data on mrTRG, DWI and endoscopy at 1st and 2nd timepoints were retrieved for comparison. ResultsIn SCR, depth angle change between 1st (med = 10 weeks after end of radiotherapy) and 2nd (med = 23 weeks after end of radiotherapy) timepoints was significantly different (O1:p = 0.004; O2:p = 0.010): the SCR group showed a depth angle reduction (O1:med=-4.45; O2:med=-2.35), whereas non-SCRs showed a depth angle increase (O1:med=+2.60; O2:med=+7.40). Also, at 2nd timepoint, SCR scars were significantly thinner both for O1 (p = 0.003; SCR:med = 7.05 mm; non-SCR:med = 9.4 mm) and O2 (p = 0.006; SCR:med = 6.45 mm; non-SCR:med = 8.2 mm). A depth angle increase >21º between 1st and 2nd timepoints and a scar thickness >10 mm at 2nd timepoint were not sensitive but were highly specific for a non-SCR (91/94 %) for both observers. Interobserver agreement was good for scar depth angle change (ICC = 0.65) and excellent for scar thickness at 2nd timepoint (ICC = 0.84). Of the retrieved data, only DWI at 2nd timepoint was discriminative (p = 0.043) providing a similar sensitivity (33 %) and a slightly lower specificity (87.5 %). ConclusionTumour scar expansion >21° between 1st and 2nd post-neoadjuvancy MRI and a scar thickness >10 mm at 2nd post-neoadjuvancy MRI may consistently indicate a non-SCR with high specificity in locally-advanced rectal cancer patients.

Modeling of fuel transport in pressure-fed systems with flow passage opening devices

This study presents a numerical model of a pressure-fed system with flow passage opening devices (FPODs) designed for an air vehicle with a high degree of maneuverability. The FPOD is a mechanical device that connects two separate fuel reservoirs and functions as a valve allowing liquid fuel to flow while minimizing the movement of pressurizing gas from upstream fuel tanks into downstream fuel tanks. A reduced-order model for the fuel motion in an annular fuel tank was developed to configure the depth and inclination angle of the free fuel surface on the cross-sectional plane of an annular fuel tank under accelerating conditions during flight. Furthermore, a newly proposed model that reflects the dynamic characteristics of the FPOD is used to determine the fluid type that is transported through the device. A simulation example shows that the full numerical model captures changes of the fuel transport condition over time in a complete pressure-fed system of annular fuel tanks with FPODs subject to acceleration.

Evaluation of Anterior Segment Parameters During Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the anterior segment changes of eye during pregnancy according to the trimesters and compare them with non-pregnant subjects. Materials and Methods This prospective study included 90 pregnant women (1.trimester: 30, 2.trimester: 30, 3.trimester: 30 pregnants) and 30 non-pregnant women whose ages ranging from 20 to 40 years. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and keratometry values were measured. Corneal thickness (CT) measurements were performed from pupil center, corneal apex and thinnest point of cornea. In addition, anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber angles (ACA) were also measured. Results All trimester groups (1, 2 and 3.trimester) were compared with non-pregnant women for all measured parameters. The mean IOP values were significantly lower in 2nd and 3rd trimesters (p˂0.05). The differences of keratometric and CT measurements were not statistically significant in pregnant women when compared with non-pregnant women (p > .05). ACV was significantly higher in 1st trimester (p˂0.05); the difference of ACV in 2nd and 3rd trimesters was not significant (p > .05). There was also no significant difference in ACD and ACA measurements in trimester groups when compared with non-pregnants (p > .05). Conclusions We found that IOP decreased in 2nd and 3rd trimesters, and ACV increased in 1st trimester of pregnancy when compared with non-pregnant women. If the physiological changes in pregnancy are well known, diseases that affect anterior segment such as glaucoma and corneal disorders will be managed more accurately.

Hydrodynamic Analysis of KVLCC2 Ship Sailing near Inclined Banks

The hydrodynamic forces of KVLCC2 ship sailing near inclined banks are calculated by using CFD based on RANS equation. Corresponding CFD uncertainty analysis is conducted according to the procedure recommended by ITTC. An unstructured grid, tetrahedral grid, is employed for discretization. To control the number of grids, global element scale factor is selected as the same as refinement ratio. In numerical simulation, straightforward and oblique navigation conditions are investigated. The variation of transverse force and yaw moment with the ship-shore distance, bank angle, water depth, and drift angle are analyzed. Both hull model and hull-propeller-rudder model are considered in numerical simulation. The simulation results show the hydrodynamic characteristics of ship sailing near inclined banks.

Primjena B-splajna na identifi kaciju jednadžbi kretanja plovnih objekata

The paper presents the possibilities of using B-splines to determine a mathematical model in the form of linear differential equations describing the change of the motion parameters of floating objects depending on the values of the control signals. The elaborated identification system is a collection of algorithms including: approximation of input and output signals, optimal selection of differential equation coefficients and model verification. The basic spline functions were used to approximate the values of the input and output signals. The developed method was illustrated by an example of identification of underwater submarine motion equations describing the change in draft depth and trim angle depending on the difference between buoyancy force and ship’s weight.

Computer Simulation of Low Frequency Vibration in Electrochemical Machining

This research studies how particles transport between low frequency vibrating electrodes during electrochemical machining (ECM). The ANSYS Fluent software was used to study the particle speed while the Star CCM+ software was utilized to study particle interactions during vibration-assisted ECM process. A series of simulations were conducted to calculate the particle average flushing speed. Collided particles either gained momentum or deflected their trajectories to accelerate in the flow of electrolyte. Simulation results showed that the highest average flushing speed of 0.4 m/s was obtained at 40 Hz vibration frequency and 10 µm vibration amplitude. Such higher flushing speed of particles improved machining depth (material removal rate) and produced a sharper machined profile. Experiment results confirmed that the maximum machining depth and minimum taper angle were obtained when vibrating the anodic workpiece at 40 Hz and 10 µm amplitude. Machining depth and ECM material removal rate had a positive correlation with the average flushing speed. A sharper ECM’ed profile was achieved since the taper angle was favorably reduced at high average flushing speed.

Cochlear duct length and cochlear distance on preoperative CT: imaging markers for estimating insertion depth angle of cochlear implant electrode.

Preoperative estimation of the insertion depth angle of cochlear implant (CI) electrodes is essential for surgical planning. The purpose of this study was to determine the cochlear size using preoperative CT and to investigate the correlation between cochlear size and insertion depth angle in morphologically normal cochlea. Thirty-five children who underwent CI were included in this study. Cochlear duct length (CDL) and the diameter of the cochlear basal turn (distance A/B) on preoperative CT and the insertion depth angle of the CI electrode on postoperative radiographs were independently measured by two readers. Correlation between cochlear size and insertion depth angle was evaluated. Interobserver agreement was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The mean CDL, distance A, and distance B of 70 ears were 36.20 ± 1.57 mm, 8.67 ± 0.42 mm, and 5.73 ± 0.32 mm, respectively. The mean insertion depth angle was 431.45 ± 38.42°. Interobserver agreements of CDL, distance A/B, and insertion depth angle were fair to excellent (ICC 0.864, 0.862, 0.529, and 0.958, respectively). Distance A (r = - 0.7643) and distance B (r = - 0.7118) showed a negative correlation with insertion depth angle, respectively (p < 0.0001). However, the correlation between CDL and insertion depth angle was not statistically significant (r = - 0.2333, p > 0.05). The CDL and cochlear distance can be reliably obtained from preoperative CT. Distance A can be used as a predictive marker for estimating insertion depth angle during CI surgery.

Flow Ripple Reduction of Axial-Piston Pump by Structure Optimizing of Outlet Triangular Damping Groove

The triangular damping groove on the valve plate can effectively reduce the discharge flow ripple of an axial piston pump, which structural parameters will directly affect the pump’s dynamic characteristics. Herein, a multi-parameter data-based structure optimizing method of the triangular damping groove is investigated using numerical models and simulation results. The mathematical models of a nine-piston pump are proposed and developed by MATLAB/Simulink, and the simulation results are verified by experimental results. Then, the effects of width angle and depth angle on discharge flow are analyzed. Based on the analysis of groove parameters, an optimizing index, which considering the time domain characteristics of discharge flow, is proposed. As results show, comparing with the initial specific groove structure, the amplitude of flow ripple is reduced from 14.6% to 9.8% with the optimized structure. The results demonstrate that the outlet flow ripple can be significantly reduced by the optimized structure, and the proposed multi-parameter optimizing method can play a guiding significance in the design of low-ripple axial piston pumps.

Draught Requirements of Tillage Tines in Clay Soil under Indoor Soil Bin Conditions

Large tine (Tl) and sweep tine (Tw) were the different model tillage tines used for this research. The blades were used on clay soil in a soil bin of dimension 9.0 × 0.85 × 0.5m located in the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. The clay soil used for the experiment was obtained from Agricultural Engineering Step B Farm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the draught requirements of the model tillage tools and to evaluate and model the parameters of the soil profile produced under different operating conditions. It involved testing and evaluation of tool shape, depth (12.5 -100mm) and rake angles (300, 450, and 900) and forward speed (0.17m/sec) on draught force. Soil profile patterns measured by a profilometer was analyzed using the following parameters – maximum Width of soil cut (Wfs), Ridge-to- Ridge Distance (RRD), furrow depth (df), height of ridge (Hr), maximum Width of Soil Throw (TDW) and tool width (w). Results showed that draught is directly proportional to the depth of the tine at a certain rake angle. The Tw had the least draught while Tl had the highest draught. Analysis of soil disturbance parameters revealed an increase in parameters with increasing cone index and depth of the tines. The study provides relevant data in the design of soil engaging tools and sustainable crop production. Keywords: Draught, Clay, Soil disturbance, Tillage, Tines.

Study on Anti-Friction Mechanism of Canna-Leaf Biomimetic Micro-Textured Fruit Tree

Fruit tree pruning is an important part of orchard management. In this paper, the force on and the wear of the pruner in the pruning process were studied with a canna-leaf biomimetic convex-hull pruner. The pruner was formed by laser etching technology. The influence of laser power and scanning speed on the geometric dimensioning of the micro texture was analyzed. The shear force calculation model was built to obtain the positive pressure load during the pruning process, while the model accuracy was verified in the static pressure shear test, and the wear mechanism was analyzed in the wear test. The real pruning process was simulated to compare the worn areas of the textured and non-textured pruners and the number of cuts in fixed wear condition, for proving the wear reduction characteristics of the micro-textured pruner. The results show that: the optimal forming parameters are 70 W 1.6 mm/s (10 mm-diameter branches), 80 W 2.4 mm/s (15 mm-diameter branches) and 80 W 1.6 mm/s (20 mm-diameter branches), and the convex hull spacing is 300 μm. Laser power affects the depth and width of the texture, while scanning speed affects the depth of the texture. The positive pressure on the pruner is proportional to the modulus of elasticity, moment of inertia, cut depth, and bevel angle, whilst it is inversely proportional to the distance from the fixed point of the blade to the positive pressure. The wear test shows that the anti-wear performance of the textured pruner is not obvious at the load of 300 g, while the anti-wear performance of the textured pruner is significant at the loads of 1000 g and 2000 g. The wear mechanism shifts from the abrasive wear in the early stage to more complex oxidative wear and adhesive wear. The actual shear test shows that the textured pruner wears less than the non-textured pruner and enters the stable shear faster.

Analysis of Lateral Dynamic Response of Caisson Foundation in Layered Clayey Soils considering Scour-Hole Dimensions

As a cross-sea or river deep-water foundation, it is clear that the caisson foundation will be subjected to significant lateral dynamic loads due to winds or waves and suffer from scouring under its long-term effect. In order to obtain the scour effect on the dynamic response of the foundation, an analytical model describing the scour-hole effect in terms of scour depth, scour width, and slope angle was constructed. Combined with the nonlinear Winkler theory, a method for the dynamic response of the caisson foundation considering the scour-hole dimensions was proposed. Comparisons against the results from the dynamic FEM demonstrate the reliability of this method. The effects of the scour width, slope angle, and scour depth on the dynamic response of the caisson were discussed. The results show that the scour depth affects the dynamic displacement and resonant frequency of the foundation most, whereas the scour width does less and the slope angle does the least; the dynamic response of caisson can be approximated as the case of the slope angle 5° and the scour width 5B when the slope angle is less than 5° and the scour width is greater than 5B, respectively; the effects of scour width and slope angle on the dynamic response of caisson have the similar change pattern in the displacement and resonant frequency when the scour depth is different. However, the effect of amplitude on dynamic response shows a nonlinear increase trend when the scour depth is relatively large.

Femoral notch and proximal tibial morphology and their relationship with an anterior cruciate ligament injury in the Indian population: A magnetic resonance imaging-based study

Objectives: We aim to study the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury to proximal tibia bone morphology in Indian patients. Materials and Methods: Forty male subjects who sustained non-contact ACL injury who presented to our center between October 2015 and December 2016 studied and compared to 40 non-ACL injury knee magnetic resonance imaging scans. Notch morphology and both medial and lateral posterior tibial slope measurements were performed and studied. Results: We noted that the difference in notch depth and notch angle between the two groups was not significant. There was a statistically significant higher incidence of ACL injury in patients with smaller notch widths. Both an increased medial and lateral posterior tibial slope did not demonstrate a statistically significant incidence in ACL injury. Conclusion: Notch width is a major contributing risk factor for ACL injury in Indian patients. This is in agreement with previously published literature.

The correlation between shape of the sigmoid notch of the distal radius and the risk of triangular fibrocartilage complex foveal tear.

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between the shape of the distal radius sigmoid notch and triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) foveal tear. Between 2013 and 2018, patients were retrospectively recruited in two different groups. The patient group comprised individuals who underwent arthroscopic transosseous TFCC foveal repair for foveal tear of the wrist. The control group comprised individuals presenting with various diseases around wrist not affecting the TFCC. The study recruited 176 patients (58 patients, 118 controls). The sigmoid notch shape was classified into four types (flat-face, C-, S-, and ski-slope types) and three radiological parameters related to the sigmoid notch (namely, the radius curvature, depth, and version angle) were measured. The association of radiological parameters and sigmoid notch types with the TFCC foveal tear was investigated in univariate and multivariate analyses. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to estimate a cut-off for any statistically significant variables. Univariate analysis showed that the flat-face type was more prevalent in the patients than in the control group (43% vs 21%; p = 0.002), while the C-type was lower in the patients than in the control group (3% vs 17%; p = 0.011). The depth and version angle of sigmoid notch showed a negative association with the TFCC foveal tear in the multivariate analysis (depth: odds ratio (OR) 0.380; p = 0.037; version angle: OR 0.896; p = 0.033). Estimated cut-off values were 1.34 mm for the depth (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.725) and 10.45° for the version angle (AUC = 0.726). The proportion of flat-face sigmoid notch type was greater in the patient group than in the control group. The depth and version angle of sigmoid notch were negatively associated with TFCC foveal injury. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6):749-754.

Scattering of Plane P1 Wave by an Inclusion in a Three-Dimension Poroelastic Half-Space

Local inclusion topography has significant influence on seismic wave propagation, and the propagation characteristics of seismic waves in poroelastic soils are obviously different from those in single-phase media. Based on Biot’s theory, the scattering of plane P1 wave by inclusion in a three-dimensional poroelastic half-space is studied by using the indirect boundary element method (IBEM). The scattering field is constructed by introducing a virtual wave near the interface between inclusion and half-space and the surface of half-space, and the virtual wave density is obtained by establishing boundary integral equation based on the boundary conditions. The effects of the depth, geometric characteristics, boundary permeability, porosity, incident frequency, and incident angle of the inclusion on elastic wave scattering are systematically analyzed. The results show that due to the soil skeleton-pore water coupling effect, when the porosity is n = 0.3, the surface displacement amplitude of dry soil is larger than that of poroelastic soil. When the porosity is n = 0.36, the surface displacement amplitude of poroelastic soil is larger than that of dry soil. The surface displacement amplitude of poroelastic-drained condition is slightly larger than that of undrained condition. With the increase of inclusion depth, the scattering of elastic wave by inclusion decreases gradually. When P1 wave is incident, the surface displacement amplitude at the depth of H = 0.5 can be increased up to three times as much as that at the depth of H = 1.5. As the inclusion becomes narrower and flatter, the scattering of elastic waves by inclusion decreases gradually. When the ratio between height and length is S = 2/5, the surface displacement magnitude can reach up to 9.5.